CN109362432A - A kind of control method of garlic white rot - Google Patents

A kind of control method of garlic white rot Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109362432A
CN109362432A CN201811384330.XA CN201811384330A CN109362432A CN 109362432 A CN109362432 A CN 109362432A CN 201811384330 A CN201811384330 A CN 201811384330A CN 109362432 A CN109362432 A CN 109362432A
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China
Prior art keywords
garlic
white rot
acre
control method
grams
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CN201811384330.XA
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CN109362432B (en
Inventor
李正荣
张子玉
张达才
李甫
张发清
李世伟
张定莲
张锐东
刘文兵
张全斌
蒋涛
张胜菊
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Dali Modern Agricultural Technology Co Ltd
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Dali Modern Agricultural Technology Co Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protecting plants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/06Coating or dressing seed
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/35Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of control methods of garlic white rot.The control method of the garlic white rot includes Seeds preprocess, soil disinfection, sprays step, is specifically included: the full garlic of selection health, with spare containing dress seed to seed with the Synthesis liquid of the fertilizer of organic carbon calcium magnesium element and microbial bacterial agent;Soil is ploughed, buriing is carried out by base manure of microbial bacterial agent, then spreads fertilizer over the fields and spray fungicide again;A fungicide is spread fertilizer over the fields after the neat seedling of garlic, is respectively sprayed once-combined fungicide again in bulbil, flower bud differentiation period and bulb the elongation phase, is adjusted and enhance stress resistance of plant.Since seed screening pretreatment, soil disinfection, the cooperation later period sprays the present invention, in conjunction with field crop rotation, prevents and treats intractable garlic white rot effective percentage and reaches 75 ~ 80%.

Description

A kind of control method of garlic white rot
Technical field
The invention belongs to planting technical fields, and in particular to a kind of control method of garlic white rot.
Background technique
Garlic white rot original name: sclerotiniose belongs to fungal disease, mainly cause harm blade, leaf sheath and bulb.Outside when just catching an illness Leaf blade tip is in a strip shape or blade tip turns yellow downwards, after expand to leaf sheath and internal lobe, plant strain growth is weak, and whole strain, which turns yellow, to be downgraded or withered Extremely, it extracts the visible bulb epidermis of diseased plant and generates water stain shape scab, with a large amount of white hypha layers, sick portion is white to rot, mycelia The black bulbil that size is 0.5 ~ 1 millimeter is born in layer, stem foot softens, and bulb blackening is rotted.Field is agglomerating withered, forms one Each and every one sick nest, underground part are mostly fallen ill since close to fibrous root part, and sick portion is first in wet shape, after gradually to extend up generation a large amount of White hypha.To avoid garlic since white rot brings about great losses, the control method for developing a kind of garlic white rot is very It is necessary, in garlic producing region white rot in multiple, especially continuously plantation continuous cropping is serious, meta-acid soil (pH value 4.5-5 it Between) and situations such as nonirrigated farmland field be easy to appear disease.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of control methods of garlic white rot.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, and the control method of the garlic white rot includes Seeds preprocess, soil Earth disinfection sprays step, specifically includes:
A, Seeds preprocess: the full garlic of selection health, at the seed containing organic carbon ca and mg fertilizer and microbial bacterial agent It is spare to manage agent seed dressing;
B, soil disinfection: soil is ploughed, and is carried out buriing by base manure of microbial bacterial agent, is then spread fertilizer over the fields or spray fungicide again;
C, growth period is handled: after garlic full stand seedling spread fertilizer over the fields regulator to enhance stress resistance of plant, bulbil, flower bud differentiation period and The bulb elongation phase respectively sprays once-combined fungicide again.
Seed screening of the present invention pre-processes, soil disinfection starts, and the cooperation later period sprays, and in conjunction with field crop rotation, prevention and treatment is obstinate Property garlic white rot effective percentage reaches 75 ~ 80%.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is white rot disaster schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is that white rot infects schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is garlic white rot diseased plant schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the testing result schematic diagram that Acid soil is susceptible to suffer from white rot;
Fig. 5 is Yi Sinuo portable soil detector schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is that garlic kind pre-processes schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is mid-term contrast schematic diagram;
Fig. 8 is anaphase effect schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment and attached drawing, the present invention is further illustrated, but is not subject in any way to the present invention Limitation, based on present invention teach that it is made it is any transform or replace, all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
The control method of garlic white rot of the present invention includes Seeds preprocess, soil disinfection, sprays step, specifically Include:
A, Seeds preprocess: the full garlic of selection health, at the seed containing organic carbon ca and mg fertilizer and microbial bacterial agent It is spare to manage agent seed dressing;
B, soil disinfection: soil is ploughed, and is carried out buriing by base manure of microbial bacterial agent, is then spread fertilizer over the fields or spray fungicide again;
C, growth period is handled: after garlic full stand seedling spread fertilizer over the fields regulator to enhance stress resistance of plant, bulbil, flower bud differentiation period and The bulb elongation phase respectively sprays once-combined fungicide again.
The mass ratio of organic carbon ca and mg fertilizer and microbial bacterial agent described in step A is 1: 1.
The microbial bacterial agent is king kong microbial bacterial agent, and registration card number: microorganism fertilizer 2016 faces word 3562, Middle composite bacillus subtilis (compound) >=5,000,000,000/mL, polyglutamic acid >=2000mg/L, biochemical fulvic acid >=180g/L.
The depth ploughed described in step B is 50 ~ 60cm.
Base manure buriing described in step B is thousand generation field granule microbial bacterial agents.Dosage 45 ~ 60,000 gram/acre.
Spreading fertilizer over the fields described in step B and spraying fungicide is to spread fertilizer over the fields 20% copper acetate and spray 20% methyl to stand withered spirit.
The amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of 20% copper acetate is 300 ~ 350 grams/acre.
The amount of spraying that 20% methyl stands withered spirit is 150 ~ 200 grams/acre.
Regulator described in step C is the dry point spirit of yellow leaf;The compound disinfectant contains the 0.8% phonetic bacterium of gold medal metalaxyl Rouge (granule), 20% methyl stand the dry point spirit of withered clever yellow leaf, 30% hymexazol metalaxyl, organic carbon ca and mg fertilizer.
It is as follows that growth period described in step C handles concrete operations:
1) 0.8% gold medal metalaxyl and phonetic bacterium rouge granule are spread fertilizer over the fields after neat seedling, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 4 ~ 6 kgs/acre;
2) 3 ~ 4 leaf phase founds withered clever 180 ~ 200 grams/acre, the dry point of regulator yellow leaf clever 180 ~ 200 grams/acre, organic carbon with 20% methyl 100 times of plain ca and mg fertilizer, 600 ~ 800 grams/acre of liquid, mixing sprays;
3) 6 ~ 7 leaf phase, with 20% methyl stand withered clever 180 ~ 200 grams/acre, it is 90 ~ 120 grams/acre of 30% hymexazol and metalaxyl, organic 100 times of carbon ca and mg fertilizer, 600 ~ 800 grams/acre of liquid, mixing sprays.
The control method concrete operations of garlic white rot of the present invention are as follows:
A, Seeds preprocess: the full garlic of selection health, at the seed containing organic carbon ca and mg fertilizer and microbial bacterial agent It is spare to manage agent seed dressing;
The mass ratio of organic carbon ca and mg fertilizer and microbial bacterial agent described in step A is 1: 1.(organic carbon ca and mg fertilizer (field Interpret a dream) liquid and microbial bacterial agent (great Jin cylinder) liquid, quality proportioning is the dilution of each 100 times of liquid, with 10 kilograms of diluted liquid 200 kilograms of seed dressing, is sowed after drying.)
The organic carbon ca and mg fertilizer be Yunnan field interpret a dream biotechnology company production moderate-element water-soluble fertilizer organic carbon calcium Magnesium types, registration card number agricultural fertilizer 2017 face word 12887.Wherein nitrogen (N) >=85g/L, calcium (Ca) >=70g/L, magnesium (Mg) >=30g/L
The microbial bacterial agent be Yunnan field interpret a dream biotechnology company production great Jin cylinder microbial bacterial agent, registration card number: Microorganism fertilizer 2016 faces word 3562, wherein composite bacillus subtilis (compound) >=5,000,000,000/mL, and polyglutamic acid >= 2000mg/L, biochemical fulvic acid >=180g/L.
B, soil disinfection: soil is ploughed, and is carried out buriing by base manure of microbial bacterial agent, is then spread fertilizer over the fields or spray sterilization again Agent;
The depth ploughed described in step B is 50 ~ 60cm.
The buriing microbial bacterial agent stated in step B is thousand generation field granule microbial bacterial agents.For base manure, dosage 45 ~ 60 Thousand grams/acre (main ingredient: bacillus amyloliquefaciens, living bacteria count >=2,000,000,000/gram, containing abundant organic matter, in micro member Element, rich in 18 kinds of amino acid, oligosaccharide, coenzyme, vitamin, glucose chitin, multifunctional polypeptides etc.)
Finger is spread fertilizer over the fields described in step B spreads fertilizer over the fields 20% copper acetate in upper soll layer, 300-350 grams/acre.
Finger is sprayed described in step B stands withered spirit in the methyl that upper soll layer sprays 20%, 180-200 grams/acre.
C, growth period is handled: spreading fertilizer over the fields regulator to enhance stress resistance of plant, in bulbil, bud differentiation after garlic full stand seedling Phase and bulb elongation phase respectively spray once-combined fungicide again.
(1) the phonetic bacterium rouge (granule) of 0.8% gold medal metalaxyl is spread fertilizer over the fields after neat seedling, mu is not mixed with other pesticides with 4 ~ 6 kilograms With.
(2) 3 ~ 4 leaf phases, 20% methyl stand withered clever (180 ~ 200 grams/acre), the dry point spirit of yellow leaf (180 ~ 200 grams of regulator/ Mu), 100 times of organic carbon ca and mg fertilizer, 600 ~ 800 grams/acre of liquid, mixing sprays.
(3) 6 ~ 7 leaf phases, 20% methyl stand withered clever (180 ~ 200 grams/acre), 30% 90 ~ 120 grams/acre of hymexazol metalaxyl, 100 times of organic carbon ca and mg fertilizer, 600 ~ 800 grams/acre of liquid, mixing sprays.
The dry point spirit of machine carbon ca and mg fertilizer, hymexazol metalaxyl, yellow leaf, 20% methyl in compound disinfectant described in step C The mass ratio for standing withered spirit is to be prepared by above-mentioned period difference according to application mu product.
Case is embodied, the present invention will be further described below:
Village of city Lee is shone in the Dali town Jiang Wei, and Lee's field differs in size, and is distributed in the village Jiang Weizhaoyi periphery, just rise and fall little base This is smooth, shares 120 mu or so, belongs to nonirrigated farmland property.It is substantially garlic by local habit autumn planting, Lee is also many years Garlic farmers.But in recent years regardless of kind, disease can all occur, the soil for disease occur accounts for almost a greater part of, and garlic bolt goes out Illness is withered gradually after neat, and it is white rot that everybody, which says, because this disease is also very usual in locality, used various medicine fertilizer is wanted It remedies, but substantially invalid.By the big portion's total crop failure in sick field, suffer heavy losses.
Lee has found inventor and asks for help, and inventor is deeply after the understanding of scene, it is believed that its disease root is to connect for many years Continuous plantation garlic continuous cropping is serious, is detected using U.S.'s X ray tester to soil, pH value 4.4-4.8 slant acidity, and soil Middle plant root whisker and the former residual branch of sick body remain more.Technical staff analyzes diseased plant remaining in field, and confirmation is garlic White rot.Garlic white rot is unobvious in garlic bolt early stage, and disease is mainly in flower bud differentiation period and the bulb elongation phase of Qi Miaohou, disease For body by the infection of soil fungi, whole fields and neighbouring field are infected.It is in black that garlic strain body, which is slowly withered, in flakes It is dead.The later period of white rot is difficult to treat.It is recommended that Lee prevents garlic white rot, prevention work is begun to from seed selection arable land Make, disease occurs just to handle after plantation cannot be waited.
Lee has carried out farm work under the guidance of inventor:
Deep ploughing: hand fit manually removes stubble more in plot when tractor-ploughing, and 50 centimeters of depth.Actually detected tractor-ploughing depth Have between 40-50.Clods breaking is preferable.
Base manure: thousand generation field particle bacterial manure are used, 3 bags per acre (15 kilogram/bag), are embedded to when cooperating tractor-ploughing, buried depth degree is being ploughed At deep about 2/3.
After shining one day to three days after farming is smooth, soil surface carries out artificial low level and spreads pesticides, with 20% copper acetate pulvis. A dosage parcel or more per acre, general 300-400 grams.Then it with 20% methyl stands withered spirit again and is watered and spray, water is slightly more It is some, guarantee that each place can be sprayed onto field, but dosage control is at 180-200 grams/acre.
The processing of seed: pre-processing seed, and a big full valve is selected from the garlic kind bought as kind of a garlic. Spread mixing with prepared medical fluid, preparation method is the drum organic carbon calcium and magnesium moderate-element Water soluble fertilizer interpreted a dream with field and field After great Jin cylinder (microbial bacterial agent) liquid of interpreting a dream respectively is diluted to 100 times of liquid, the same half of two kinds of liquid is mixed, and is spread in On garlic kind heap, then mix thoroughly.Approximate amount is 100 kilograms of garlic kinds, is spread pesticides 5-6 kilograms.
The garlic kind mixed is sowed in time, field Routine Management.
After garlic kind sends out tooth emergence, the phonetic bacterium rouge (granule) of 0.8% gold medal metalaxyl is risen with spreading fertilizer over the fields after neat seedling, mu is wrapped with one, and about 5 Kilogram.
When garlic bolt grows 3-4 piece leaf, is applied with spray process and spill once-combined sterilization adjusting medicine.It is withered to be that 20% methyl is stood with method The dry point of clever (150 grams/acre), yellow leaf clever (180 grams/acre of regulator), 100 times of organic carbon ca and mg fertilizer, 800 grams/acre of liquid, mixing spray It applies.
It sees to this period garlic and looks into, major part is grown fine with this method garlic bolt, does not find that diseased plant occurs.By with side Compare to the garlic of general planting, has there is apparent advantage.In order to continue to strengthen protection effect, prevent the white rot later period from breaking out, When garlic bolt grows 6-7 piece leaf, then once-combined sterilization regulator is sprayed.It is 20% specifically with last time not same point Methyl stand withered clever (150 grams/acre), 30% 100 grams/acre of hymexazol metalaxyl, 100 times of organic carbon ca and mg fertilizer, 1000 grams of liquid/ Mu, mixing spray.
By above method, is observed in each growth period of garlic, do not occur diseased plant.There is a small amount of yellow leaf in part, is water Part reason.Big to garlic when harvest than other families, and it is more balanced, and yield also increased.Li Gui laughs at.This Secondary prevention and treatment is not implemented on whole fields of Li Gui, because he worries effect and produces this problem of, only implements about 60 mu Garlic.But difference on effect is obvious, has profit by calculating income and investment, it is important to control the disease of continuous appearance Feelings.This several years inventors have made a large amount of work in terms of preventing and treating garlic white rot, achieve the trust of peasant household, portion is set forth below Divide peasant household's basic condition:
The field in the village Yuan Niu Jie Xipo, goes the year before last white rot very serious, determines to handle by scheme, contrast effect is obvious.
In Xiangyun County salon town, people from Shandong comes total 200 mu of the soil contracted, because of several years ago garlic white rot outburst, Many peasant households dare not plant, and Shandong boss allows to be handled by white rot control prece, and effect is obvious.Wherein have a peasant household be reluctant to contract to Shandong boss just compares just apparent without pressing our control prece as a result in a piece of big field.
One field in the Heqing County town the Huang Ping village of bight, this region last year garlic white rot also occur seriously, peasant household half Letter half doubt it is automatic require that an intermediate moisture in the soil is stayed not handle by white rot control prece, want to look at true and false, as a result effect comes out, and believes Clothes.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of control method of garlic white rot, it is characterised in that the control method of the garlic white rot includes that seed is pre- Processing, sprays step at soil disinfection, specifically includes:
A, Seeds preprocess: the full garlic of selection health, at the seed containing organic carbon ca and mg fertilizer and microbial bacterial agent It is spare to manage agent seed dressing;
B, soil disinfection: soil is ploughed, and is carried out buriing by base manure of microbial bacterial agent, is then spread fertilizer over the fields or spray fungicide again;
C, growth period is handled: after garlic full stand seedling spread fertilizer over the fields regulator to enhance stress resistance of plant, bulbil, flower bud differentiation period and The bulb elongation phase respectively sprays once-combined fungicide again.
2. the control method of garlic white rot according to claim 1, it is characterised in that organic carbon described in step A The mass ratio of ca and mg fertilizer and microbial bacterial agent is 1: 1.
3. the control method of garlic white rot according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the microbial bacterial agent is King kong microbial bacterial agent, registration card number: microorganism fertilizer 2016 faces word 3562, wherein composite bacillus subtilis (compound) >=50 hundred million/mL, polyglutamic acid >=2000mg/L, biochemical fulvic acid >=180g/L.
4. the control method of garlic white rot according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the depth ploughed described in step B Degree is 50 ~ 60cm.
5. the control method of garlic white rot according to claim 1, it is characterised in that base manure buriing described in step B For thousand generation field granule microbial bacterial agents, dosage 45 ~ 60,000 gram/acre.
6. the control method of garlic white rot according to claim 1, it is characterised in that spread fertilizer over the fields and spray described in step B Applying fungicide is to spread fertilizer over the fields 20% copper acetate and spray 20% methyl to stand withered spirit.
7. the control method of garlic white rot according to claim 6, it is characterised in that 20% copper acetate is spread fertilizer over the fields Amount is 300 ~ 350 grams/acre.
8. the control method of garlic white rot according to claim 6, it is characterised in that 20% methyl stands withered spirit The amount of spraying is 150 ~ 200 grams/acre.
9. the control method of garlic white rot according to claim 1, it is characterised in that regulator described in step C is The dry point spirit of yellow leaf;The compound disinfectant contains the phonetic bacterium rouge (granule) of 0.8% gold medal metalaxyl, and 20% methyl founds withered clever yellow leaf Dry point spirit, 30% hymexazol metalaxyl, organic carbon ca and mg fertilizer.
10. the control method of garlic white rot according to claim 1, it is characterised in that at growth period described in step C It is as follows to manage concrete operations:
1) 0.8% gold medal metalaxyl and phonetic bacterium rouge granule are spread fertilizer over the fields after neat seedling, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 4 ~ 6 kgs/acre;
2) 3 ~ 4 leaf phase founds withered clever 180 ~ 200 grams/acre, the dry point of regulator yellow leaf clever 180 ~ 200 grams/acre, organic carbon with 20% methyl 100 times of plain ca and mg fertilizer, 600 ~ 800 grams/acre of liquid, mixing sprays;
3) 6 ~ 7 leaf phase, with 20% methyl stand withered clever 180 ~ 200 grams/acre, it is 90 ~ 120 grams/acre of 30% hymexazol and metalaxyl, organic 100 times of carbon ca and mg fertilizer, 600 ~ 800 grams/acre of liquid, mixing sprays.
CN201811384330.XA 2018-11-20 2018-11-20 Prevention and treatment method for garlic white rot Active CN109362432B (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103733856A (en) * 2013-12-26 2014-04-23 董金锋 Garlic high-yield cultivation method
CN106538111A (en) * 2016-11-07 2017-03-29 黄书华 A kind of prevention and controls of Bulbus Allii continuous cropping disease
CN107950260A (en) * 2017-11-30 2018-04-24 杨佳林 A kind of garlic Disease-Control for Soft-Rotting

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103733856A (en) * 2013-12-26 2014-04-23 董金锋 Garlic high-yield cultivation method
CN106538111A (en) * 2016-11-07 2017-03-29 黄书华 A kind of prevention and controls of Bulbus Allii continuous cropping disease
CN107950260A (en) * 2017-11-30 2018-04-24 杨佳林 A kind of garlic Disease-Control for Soft-Rotting

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
商鸿生等: "《葱蒜类蔬菜病虫害诊断与防治原色图谱》", 30 June 2002 *
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