CN109331874B - 一种三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF催化剂材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF催化剂材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种三维多孔碳包覆Co‑MOF催化剂材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)、取钴酸盐与类沸石咪唑骨架材料分别溶于等量水中,搅拌条件下,将类沸石咪唑骨架材料溶液倒入钴酸盐溶液中,即得到ZIF‑67溶液;(2)、将高吸水性树脂颗粒加入到ZIF‑67溶液中,室温下震荡,得到前驱体水凝胶;(3)、将步骤(2)所得前驱体水凝胶置于冰箱中,冷冻成冰,干燥,得到紫色前驱体,再于惰性气体保护下煅烧,水洗,真空干燥,即得到目的产物。与现有技术相比,本发明采用废弃尿不湿中的高吸水性树脂颗粒形成水溶胶,反应条件温和,极大降低能源消耗,催化性也有所提高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化剂材料制备技术领域,涉及一种三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF催化剂材料的制备方法。
背景技术
金属有机框架(Metal-Organic Frameworks,MOFs)是由金属节点和有机配体构建的一种新型多孔杂化材料,是近几十年来研究发展较快的多孔晶体结构的一类沸石材料。比之传统的无机多孔材料,MOFs具有更高的比表面积、更大孔隙体积和可调节表面及孔径的特性。由于其显著的性质,MOFs材料在气体存储、催化反应、药物运输、生物传感器等方面都极具潜力,因此MOFs材料越来越受到研究团队的关注,以及相关领域的重视。
碳化的MOF衍生物材料是基于MOFs的丰富且有序的多孔结构的特点用作模板或前驱体,添加碳源或直接给予适当的热解条件下得到的多孔碳材料。对比MOFs,其得到的纳米结构的金属碳材料具有大孔率和高吸附性,在催化领域有更好的应用前景。中国专利CN201810250142.1公开了一种多孔碳包覆纳米金属钴复合催化剂及其制备方法和应用,具体步骤包括:(1)金属钴盐和有机配体对苯二甲酸按比例溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,高温自组装合成Co-MOF前驱体;(2)制备的Co-MOF在惰性氛围下高温热解得到多孔碳包覆纳米金属钴催化剂。但是该专利采用Co-MOF中的碳作为碳源,在一定程度上破坏了Co-MOF的形态完整性,进而影响整个催化剂的催化性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF催化剂材料的制备方法。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF催化剂材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)、取钴酸盐与类沸石咪唑骨架材料分别溶于等量水中,搅拌条件下,将类沸石咪唑骨架材料溶液倒入钴酸盐溶液中,即得到ZIF-67溶液;
(2)、将高吸水性树脂颗粒加入到ZIF-67溶液中,室温下震荡,得到前驱体水凝胶;
(3)、将步骤(2)所得前驱体水凝胶置于冰箱中,冷冻成冰,干燥,得到紫色前驱体,再于惰性气体保护下煅烧,水洗,真空干燥,即得到目的产物。
进一步的,所述的钴酸盐为乙酸钴、硝酸钴或硫酸钴;
所述的类沸石咪唑骨架材料为咪唑或咪唑衍生物;咪唑衍生物是咪唑通过烷基取代反应、氰乙化反应、季胺化反应、卤代反应、羟甲基化反应和盐化作用等生成衍生物,其分类一般与反应名称对应,如:烷基化的咪唑衍生物,此类别下的衍生物有二甲基咪唑(2MI)、二乙基四甲基咪唑(2E4MI)及二苯基咪唑(2PI)等;氰乙基咪唑(简写为CN),即为咪唑氰乙化作用后的产物。
进一步的,步骤(1)制备溶液时,钴酸盐、类沸石咪唑骨架材料与水的加入量之比为1mmol:4mmol:280mmol。
进一步的,所述的高吸水性树脂颗粒为从尿不湿中获取的聚丙烯酸钠颗粒,其量为每1ml ZIF-67溶液加入50mg聚丙烯酸钠颗粒。
进一步的,步骤(2)中震荡的条件为:在180r/min下震荡8h。
进一步的,煅烧过程具体为:在惰性气体保护下,以2℃/min的速率升温至700~900℃进行煅烧3~5h。
进一步的,水洗为采用去离子水洗3-5遍。
进一步的,煅烧所采用的惰性气体为氮气、氩气或氦气。
进一步的,真空干燥的条件具体为:在60℃干燥6h。
本发明的材料是用高吸水性树脂作为外围的碳壳,Co-MOF为活性催化中心。由于高吸水性树脂的疏松多孔结构和碳材料的高吸附性能,能将有机污染物和过硫酸盐吸附,而内部的活性中心Co-MOF进行催化降解污染物,且在高温煅烧过程中,Co-MOF中含碳氮小分子的流失,既能增加Co-MOF的孔隙率,也能增加表面碳材料的比表面积。金属钴的加入能够使碳材料的石墨化程度更高,石墨化程度越高,越有利于电子传输;而外围的碳材料能在高温煅烧过程中对Co-MOF的结构进行一定程度的保护。
本发明中,恒温摇床是能够增加Co-MOF在SAP中的分散性和均一性;冷冻干燥能够保持外围的碳骨架不受破坏,在后续高温煅烧中保持优良形貌;高温煅烧过程中,用惰性气体作为保护气体,保持碳材料的结构;最后水洗是将聚丙烯酸钠中多余的物质(如碳酸钠等)清除,流出的孔道也能增加材料的比表面积。
在制备ZIF-67溶液中,钴酸盐与咪唑或咪唑衍生物的摩尔比为1:4,当比值过高,溶液中存在游离的钴离子,不利于ZIF-67结构的形成;当比值过低,形成的MOF中活性无机节点比值低,因此催化性能也随之降低。在钴酸盐和咪唑或其衍生物溶于去离子水的用量比中,是用来调控高吸水性树脂颗粒的用量,当去离子水用量高,即高吸水性树脂用量过高时,内部的活性催化物质相应减少,且不利于碳材料的石墨化;当高吸水性树脂用量过低时,外部碳材料的比例相应降低,其吸附能力也会随之降低。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
(1)本发明所用原料市售可得,成本低廉,有利于实现大规模的标准化生产;
(2)本发明中利用SAPs为碳源,增加Co-MOF的分散性,且SAPs在高温下仍能保持疏松多孔的形貌,不掩盖Co-MOF的活性位点,从而提高材料的比表面积和催化性能;
(3)Co-MOF中的金属离子能增加SAPs在高温下石墨化成程度,SAPs作为碳壳骨架可以保护Co-MOF形态;
(4)本发明因其磁性较强,可以用磁力回收,重复利用。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制得的三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF材料的X射线衍射图;
图2为实施例1制得的三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF材料的扫描电镜图;
图3为实施例1制得的三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF材料的拉曼光谱图。
图4为实施例1制得的三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF材料的平行实验降解曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。本实施例以本发明技术方案为前提进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
实施例1
一种三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF材料的制备方法,具体包括如下步骤:
(1)制备Co-MOF的溶液
分别将1mmol钴酸盐和4mmol类沸石咪唑骨架材料各自溶于280mmol去离子水中,在剧烈的搅拌状态下,将类沸石咪唑骨架材料溶液倒入钴酸盐溶液中,在室温状态下保持10min后,获得ZIF-67紫色溶液;
本实施例采用的类沸石咪唑骨架材料为2-甲基咪唑,钴酸盐为乙酸钴。
(2)制备三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF水凝胶
将收集的高吸水性树脂颗粒加入ZIF-67紫色溶液,充分吸收后,室温下以转速180r/min震荡8h,得到前驱体水凝胶;
所述高吸水性树脂为尿不湿中获取的聚丙烯酸钠颗粒,其加入量为每1mL所制备的ZIF-67紫色溶液中加入50mg。
(3)制备三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF材料
将前驱体水凝胶放置于冰箱,使其冷冻成冰,然后利用冷冻干燥箱干燥3天,得到紫色前驱体;
干燥后所得的紫色前驱体在惰性气体(氮气)的保护下以2℃/min的速率升温至800℃进行煅烧4h,去离子水洗4遍,真空保持60℃干燥6h,即得三维多孔碳包裹Co-MOF催化剂材料。
采用X射线衍射仪(日本RIGAKU生产的型号为D/Max-2550PC)对上述所得的三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF催化剂材料进行测定,所得的三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF催化剂材料的X射线衍射图如图1所示,从图1中可以看出位于26度左右的峰代表石墨峰,表明钴金属对于SAP的石墨化效果好;位于18.93度、31.25度、36.88度、44.84度和59.40度分别代表四氧化三钴的(111)、(220)、(311)、(400)和(511)晶面峰,表明制备的材料中存在钴氧化物和石墨化程度较高的碳。
采用扫描电子显微镜(美国Thermo-VG Scientific公司生产的的型号为ESCALAB250)对上述所得的三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF催化剂材料进行扫描,所得的三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF催化剂材料的扫描电镜图如图2所示,从图2中可以看出制备出的Co-MOF中的钴金属主要以氧化物形式作为催化的活性位点暴露。
采用拉曼光谱分析(法国HORIBA公司生产的型号为JYH R800)对上述所得的三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF催化剂材料进行测定,所得的三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF催化剂材料的拉曼光谱如图3所示,从图3中可以看出主要特征在1300和1570cm-1左右有两个明显的峰位,分别被认为是缺陷带(d-带)和石墨带(g-带)。这种结构可以促进电荷快速移动,高的电荷容量和最小化的极化特性。
应用实施例
利用实施例1所得的三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF催化剂材料作为非均相催化剂,用于基于硫酸根自由基的高级氧化技术降解罗丹明B的催化降解反应,其具体过程如下:
取100mL浓度为0.2mM的罗丹明B废水于250mL的锥形瓶中,加入0.5mM的Oxone(即过硫酸氢钾复合盐,0.5mM的Oxone的活性成分相当于1mM的PMS),接着加入5mg(0.05g/L)的催化剂。用磷酸盐溶液调节pH值至中性。将锥形瓶置于25℃恒温水浴摇床上进行搅拌反应,以加入氧化剂为计时零点,每隔一段时间取样品,立即加入等体积的甲醇淬灭反应,用的0.22μm滤膜过滤后用紫外分光光度计测定罗丹明B的剩余浓度。进而根据溶液中罗丹明B浓度和吸光度的关系计算降解罗丹明B的降解效率。实验结果发现,100%降解罗丹明B仅需9min,可见实施例1所制备的三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF催化剂材料具备非常优异的催化性能。
为了更直观比较所制备的三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF的优异性能,在制备该材料同时制备了平行试验,进行单独三维多孔碳和Co-MOF碳化材料的制备,原材料用量比、条件处理等完全根据实施例1行,在完全相同的试验条件下进行罗丹明B的降解实验。在图4所示的罗丹明B降解曲线图中,可以直观看出在同等条件下,三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF材料的催化性能优于单独的三维多孔碳和Co-MOF材料。在所制备的三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF材料中,外围的多孔碳材料起到对过硫酸盐和污染物的吸附作用,且石墨化程度较高的材料能增加电子传输速率,有利于催化的进行;Co-MOF提供大量的活性位点,能高效率的催化过硫酸盐产生硫酸根自由基,进而矿化有机污染物。另外,由于同等质量的实施例1所制备的材料和碳化Co-MOF相比,前者的Co含量更低,Co是在催化过硫酸盐中起的主要作用,因此外围的三维多孔碳材料与Co-MOF存在协同作用。实际应用和理论上可相互佐证:三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF材料相较于碳化Co-MOF材料和三维多孔纯碳材料催化过硫酸盐的性能有所提升。
实施例2
一种三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF材料的制备方法,具体包括如下步骤:
(1)制备Co-MOF的溶液
分别将1mmol钴酸盐和4mmol类沸石咪唑骨架材料各自溶于280mmol去离子水中,在剧烈的搅拌状态下,将类沸石咪唑骨架材料溶液倒入钴酸盐溶液中,在室温状态下保持10min后,获得ZIF-67紫色溶液;
本实施例采用的类沸石咪唑骨架材料为咪唑,钴酸盐为硝酸钴。
(2)制备三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF水凝胶
将收集的高吸水性树脂颗粒加入ZIF-67溶液,充分吸收后,室温下以转速180r/min震荡8h,得到前驱体水凝胶;
所述高吸水性树脂为尿不湿中获取的聚丙烯酸钠颗粒,其加入量为每1mL所制备的ZIF-67紫色溶液中加入50mg。
(3)制备三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF材料
将水凝胶放置于冰箱,使其冷冻成冰,然后利用冷冻干燥箱干燥3天,得到紫色前驱体;
干燥后所得絮状体在惰性气体氦气的保护下以2℃/min的速率升温至700℃进行煅烧5h,去离子水洗3遍,真空保持60℃干燥6h,即得三维多孔碳包裹Co-MOF催化剂材料。
实施例3
一种三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF材料的制备方法,具体包括如下步骤:
(1)制备Co-MOF的溶液
分别将1mmol钴酸盐和4mmol类沸石咪唑骨架材料各自溶于280mmol去离子水中,在剧烈的搅拌状态下,将类沸石咪唑骨架材料溶液倒入钴酸盐溶液中,在室温状态下保持10min后,获得ZIF-67紫色溶液;
本实施例采用的类沸石咪唑骨架材料为咪唑,钴酸盐为硝酸钴。
(2)制备三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF水凝胶
将收集的高吸水性树脂颗粒加入ZIF-67溶液,充分吸收后,室温下以转速180r/min震荡8h,得到前驱体水凝胶;
所述高吸水性树脂为尿不湿中获取的聚丙烯酸钠颗粒,其加入量为每1mL所制备的ZIF-67紫色溶液中加入50mg。
(3)制备三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF材料
将水凝胶放置于冰箱,使其冷冻成冰,然后利用冷冻干燥箱干燥3天,得到紫色前驱体;
干燥后所得絮状体在惰性气体氩气的保护下以2℃/min的速率升温至900℃进行煅烧3h,去离子水洗5遍,真空保持60℃干燥6h,即得三维多孔碳包裹Co-MOF催化剂材料。
上述的对实施例的描述是为便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和使用发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对这些实施例做出各种修改,并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此,本发明不限于上述实施例,本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示,不脱离本发明范畴所做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF催化剂材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)、取钴酸盐与类沸石咪唑骨架材料分别溶于等量水中,搅拌条件下,将类沸石咪唑骨架材料溶液倒入钴酸盐溶液中,即得到ZIF-67溶液;
(2)、将高吸水性树脂颗粒加入到ZIF-67溶液中,室温下震荡,得到前驱体水凝胶;
(3)、将步骤(2)所得前驱体水凝胶置于冰箱中,冷冻成冰,冷冻干燥,得到紫色前驱体,再于惰性气体保护下煅烧,水洗,真空干燥,即得到目的产物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF催化剂材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的钴酸盐为乙酸钴、硝酸钴或硫酸钴;
所述的类沸石咪唑骨架材料为咪唑或咪唑衍生物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF催化剂材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)制备溶液时,钴酸盐、类沸石咪唑骨架材料与水的加入量之比为1mmol:4mmol:280mmol。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF催化剂材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的高吸水性树脂颗粒为从尿不湿中获取的聚丙烯酸钠颗粒,其量为每1ml ZIF-67溶液加入50mg聚丙烯酸钠颗粒。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF催化剂材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中震荡的条件为:在180r/min下震荡8h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF催化剂材料的制备方法,其特征在于,煅烧过程具体为:在惰性气体保护下,以2℃/min的速率升温至700~900℃进行煅烧3~5h。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF催化剂材料的制备方法,其特征在于,水洗为采用去离子水洗3-5遍。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF催化剂材料的制备方法,其特征在于,煅烧所采用的惰性气体为氮气、氩气或氦气。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种三维多孔碳包覆Co-MOF催化剂材料的制备方法,其特征在于,真空干燥的条件具体为:在60℃干燥6h。
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