CN109329138B - Method for improving artificial insemination rate and hatching rate of pike - Google Patents
Method for improving artificial insemination rate and hatching rate of pike Download PDFInfo
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- CN109329138B CN109329138B CN201811373853.4A CN201811373853A CN109329138B CN 109329138 B CN109329138 B CN 109329138B CN 201811373853 A CN201811373853 A CN 201811373853A CN 109329138 B CN109329138 B CN 109329138B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 230000009027 insemination Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 241000656145 Thyrsites atun Species 0.000 title description 11
- 241001502129 Mullus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 239000000579 Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009372 pisciculture Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 210000002257 embryonic structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002107 myocardial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000287 oocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of fishery and fish breeding industry, and particularly relates to a method for improving the artificial insemination rate and the hatching rate of mullets. The method comprises the steps of intensive culture of the parent of the mullet, gonadotropin injection to the parent under the condition of specific temperature, constant-temperature resting, timed artificial insemination, water temperature regulation of fertilized eggs, pond transfer culture and the like. Compared with the common culture method, the method of the invention can obviously improve the artificial insemination rate and the hatching rate by controlling the artificial insemination time of the mullets. In addition, the method has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, low production cost, easy popularization and implementation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fishery and fish breeding industry, and particularly relates to a method for improving the artificial insemination rate and the hatching rate of mullets.
Background
The pike is also called as fuscogilus formosanus or pike, is a pike of genus of the family of the fuscogildae, is also called as meat stick, pinkeye and the like for folk, and is a precious salt-water culture fish species in coastal areas of China. The pike can be used as ornamental fish and also can be eaten, has fresh and tender meat quality and is delicious and tasty, and is a delicacy on banquets. The mullet meat contains rich nutritional ingredients, besides a large amount of high-quality protein, the mullet meat is also rich in unsaturated fatty acid, vitamin, cholesterol, magnesium, iron, calcium, zinc, phosphorus, selenium, potassium, copper, sodium, manganese and other trace elements, and the mullet meat is beneficial to cardiovascular health after being eaten frequently, can protect myocardial cells, promote blood circulation and prevent palpitation and arrhythmia.
In recent years, large-scale artificial breeding of mullets has been realized in China, the area of the artificially bred mullets in coastal provinces such as Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai is over 2000 hectares and the area of the artificially bred mullets in water such as inland river ponds is about 750 kilograms per mu. However, due to the fact that the microscopic form of the barracuda roe is special, the whole oocyte is filled with the yolk particles and the oil drops, the operation mode of artificial insemination of the barracuda roe is greatly different from that of freshwater fishes and other seawater fishes, the requirements on water quality, insemination time and operation conditions are severer when the barracuda roe is subjected to artificial insemination, even if the requirements on the water quality, insemination time and the operation conditions are severer, the insemination rate and the hatching rate of the barracuda roe are still at a lower level, the breeding difficulty is objectively improved.
The inventor develops a method for improving the artificial insemination rate and the hatching rate of the mullets on the basis of long-term cultivation practice. Compared with the common breeding method, the artificial insemination to the mullets by using the method can obviously improve the artificial insemination rate and the hatching rate. In addition, the method has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, low production cost, easy popularization and implementation and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the artificial insemination rate and the hatching rate of mullets, which is simple and convenient to operate, remarkable in effect and good in applicability.
The method for improving the artificial insemination rate and the hatching rate of the mullets comprises the following steps:
(1) performing intensive culture and strengthening on the mullet parents until the mullet parents are mature;
(2) when the mullet egg cells mature, adjusting the water temperature to 15-17 ℃, and injecting gonadotropin to the parent;
(3) feeding in 15-17 deg.C constant temperature still water for 20 hr, and repeatedly injecting once;
(4) after the eggs are raised in still water at the constant temperature of 15-17 ℃ for 14 hours, when the sperm receiving holes are to be opened, the opening process of the sperm receiving holes is strictly observed, and the artificial insemination is completed within 30-40min after the sperm receiving holes of the eggs are completely opened;
(5) controlling the water temperature at 15-17 ℃, and enabling fertilized eggs to start to crack into small fish fries after 20 hours;
(6) and transferring the fry into a soil pond for cultivation after 48 hours, and feeding the opening materials after 148-150 hours.
Further, the method of the invention adds the extract of the herba boehmeriae into the constant temperature still water in the steps (3) and (4), and the adding amount of the extract of the herba boehmeriae is 0.065 percent of the total volume of the constant temperature still water.
Further, the extract of the herba boehmeriae viridis is prepared by the following steps: drying herba Cibotii, pulverizing, adding 10 times of 15% ethanol, soaking for 2 hr, reflux extracting for 1 hr, filtering, collecting filtrate, repeatedly extracting residue for 2 times, filtering, mixing filtrates, and concentrating the filtrate at 45 deg.C under reduced pressure to relative density of 1.07-1.09 to obtain herba Cibotii extractive solution.
Preferably, the gonadotropin in step (2) of the method of the present invention is selected from at least one of the following components: luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A2, chorionic gonadotrophin, or compound chorionic gonadotrophin type A.
Furthermore, the injection method of the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A2 is that the first injection is 2.2-2.4 mug/kg, and the second injection is 16.5-17.5 mug/kg.
Further, the injection method of the chorionic gonadotrophin is 45-50 units/kg for the first injection and 210-225 units/kg for the second injection.
In addition, the invention also relates to the application of the method for improving the artificial insemination rate and hatching rate of the pike in the fish farming industry.
In conclusion, the artificial insemination method for the pike is improved, and the novel method for improving the artificial insemination rate and the hatching rate of the pike, which is simple and convenient to operate, remarkable in effect and good in applicability, is obtained. Through cultivation tests, the artificial insemination rate and the hatching rate of the mullets can be improved to more than 95% by using the method, and are obviously higher than those of the common artificial insemination method of the mullets. In addition, the method has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, low production cost, easy popularization and implementation and the like.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Before the present embodiments are further described, it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described below; it is also to be understood that the terminology used in the examples is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In addition to the specific methods, devices, and materials used in the examples, any methods, devices, and materials similar or equivalent to those described in the examples may be used in the practice of the invention in addition to the specific methods, devices, and materials used in the examples, in keeping with the knowledge of one skilled in the art and with the description of the invention.
Example 1
A method for improving the artificial insemination rate and hatching rate of mullets comprises the following steps:
(1) performing intensive culture and strengthening on the mullet parents until the mullet parents are mature;
(2) when the mullet egg cells are mature, adjusting the water temperature to 15-17 ℃, and injecting luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A2 into the parent body, wherein the injection amount is 2.3 mu g/kg;
(3) feeding in 15-17 deg.C constant temperature still water for 20 hr, and repeatedly injecting luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A2 once with an injection amount of 17.0 μ g/kg;
(4) after the eggs are raised in still water at the constant temperature of 15-17 ℃ for 14 hours, when the sperm receiving holes are to be opened, the opening process of the sperm receiving holes is strictly observed, and the artificial insemination is completed within 30-40min after the sperm receiving holes of the eggs are completely opened;
(5) controlling the water temperature at 15-17 ℃, and enabling fertilized eggs to start to crack into small fish fries after 20 hours;
(6) and transferring the fry into a soil pond for cultivation after 48 hours, and feeding the opening materials after 148-150 hours.
Example 2
A method for improving the artificial insemination rate and hatching rate of mullets comprises the following steps:
(1) performing intensive culture and strengthening on the mullet parents until the mullet parents are mature;
(2) when the mullet egg cells are mature, adjusting the water temperature to 15-17 ℃, and injecting chorionic gonadotrophin for injection to the parent with the injection amount of 46 units/kg;
(3) drying and crushing the dogliver vegetable, adding 10 times of 15% ethanol, soaking for 2 hours, performing reflux extraction for 1 hour, filtering, reserving filtrate for later use, repeatedly extracting filter residue for 2 times, filtering, combining the filtrates, concentrating the filtrate at 45 ℃ under reduced pressure until the relative density is 1.07-1.09 to obtain a dogliver vegetable extracting solution, and adding the obtained dogliver vegetable extracting solution into 15-17 ℃ constant-temperature still water according to the volume ratio of 0.065%;
(4) feeding the parent body of the mullet in the constant-temperature static water for 20 hours, and repeatedly injecting chorionic gonadotrophin for one-time injection, wherein the injection amount is 220 units/kg;
(5) after the parent body of the mullet is fed in the constant-temperature static water for 14 hours, when the sperm receiving hole of the ovum is to be opened, the opening process of the sperm receiving hole is strictly observed, and the artificial insemination is completed within 30-40min after the sperm receiving hole of the ovum is completely opened;
(6) controlling the water temperature at 15-17 ℃, and enabling fertilized eggs to start to crack into small fish fries after 20 hours;
(7) and transferring the fry into a soil pond for cultivation after 48 hours, and feeding the opening materials after 148-150 hours. Comparative example
An artificial insemination method for mullets, comprising the following steps:
(1) performing intensive culture and strengthening on the mullet parents until the mullet parents are mature;
(2) when the mullet egg cells are mature, injecting luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A2 into the parent body, wherein the injection amount is 5.0 mug/kg;
(3) feeding in still water at 25 deg.C for 12 hr, and repeatedly injecting luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A2 once, with an injection amount of 15.0 μ g/kg;
(4) feeding the eggs in still water at 25 ℃ until the fertilization holes of the eggs are opened, and completing artificial insemination within 2 hours after the fertilization holes of the eggs are completely opened;
(5) cracking the fertilized eggs into small fish fries;
(6) and after 5 days, transferring the small fish fries into a big pool for cultivation, and after 7 days, feeding the opening materials.
Test for artificial insemination rate and hatching rate
The artificial insemination rate and hatching rate tests were performed for the methods of examples 1-2 and comparative example, respectively, and the other incubation conditions were completely identical for each group.
The test method comprises the following steps: after 8 hours of artificial insemination, a certain amount of fish eggs are fished from still water by a small net and are placed in a white porcelain dish for examination, the damaged eggs or hollow eggs with turbidity, whitening and embryo decay are all picked out and counted, then the fertilized (good eggs, namely normal embryos in the eggs) eggs are counted, the percentage of the good eggs in the total number of the fish eggs is the artificial insemination rate, and the percentage of the number of hatched fish fries in the fertilized eggs is the hatching rate.
The test results are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 results of artificial insemination rate and hatchability test for each test group
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the common artificial insemination method for the pike in the comparative example, the artificial insemination rate and the hatching rate of the pike can be obviously improved by using the method of the invention, and compared with the method in the example 2, the effect is more obvious.
While the preferred embodiments and examples of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments and examples, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. A method for improving the artificial insemination rate and hatching rate of mullets is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) performing intensive culture and strengthening on the mullet parents until the mullet parents are mature;
(2) when the mullet egg cells mature, adjusting the water temperature to 15-17 ℃, and injecting gonadotropin to the parent;
(3) feeding in 15-17 deg.C constant temperature still water for 20 hr, and repeatedly injecting once;
(4) after the eggs are raised in still water at the constant temperature of 15-17 ℃ for 14 hours, when the sperm receiving holes are to be opened, the opening process of the sperm receiving holes is strictly observed, and the artificial insemination is completed within 30-40min after the sperm receiving holes of the eggs are completely opened;
(5) controlling the water temperature at 15-17 ℃, and enabling fertilized eggs to start to crack into small fish fries after 20 hours;
(6) transferring the fry into a soil pond for cultivation after 48 hours, and feeding the opening materials after 148-150 hours;
adding a herba boehmeriae viridis extracting solution into the constant-temperature still water obtained in the steps (3) and (4), wherein the adding amount of the herba boehmeriae viridis extracting solution is 0.065% of the total volume of the constant-temperature still water;
the extract of the herba boehmeriae viridis is prepared by the following steps: drying herba Cibotii, pulverizing, adding 10 times of 15% ethanol, soaking for 2 hr, reflux extracting for 1 hr, filtering, collecting filtrate, repeatedly extracting residue for 2 times, filtering, mixing filtrates, and concentrating the filtrate at 45 deg.C under reduced pressure to relative density of 1.07-1.09 to obtain herba Cibotii extractive solution.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the gonadotropin is selected from at least one of the following: luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A2, chorionic gonadotrophin, or compound chorionic gonadotrophin type A.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method of injecting luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone a2 is a first injection of 2.2-2.4 μ g/kg and a second injection of 16.5-17.5 μ g/kg.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the chorionic gonadotrophin is injected at 45-50 units/kg for the first injection and at 210-225 units/kg for the second injection.
5. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 for increasing artificial insemination rate and hatchability of mullets in fish farming.
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