CN109326678B - 柔性二硫化钼光电晶体管及其制备方法 - Google Patents

柔性二硫化钼光电晶体管及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109326678B
CN109326678B CN201811181410.5A CN201811181410A CN109326678B CN 109326678 B CN109326678 B CN 109326678B CN 201811181410 A CN201811181410 A CN 201811181410A CN 109326678 B CN109326678 B CN 109326678B
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林珍华
常晶晶
张冰娟
苏杰
郝跃
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Xian University of Electronic Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种柔性二硫化钼光电晶体管及其制备方法,主要解决现有柔性晶体管制作工艺难度较高及性能较差的问题。该晶体管结构自下而上包括栅极(1),介电层(2),半导体层(3);该半导体层(3)的两端设有分别与介电层(2)连接的源电极(4)和漏电极(5),该栅极(1)采用表面蒸有ITO透明电极层的柔性透明材料聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯PEN,该半导体层(3)掺杂有5%‑15%的氢氧化钾水溶液。本发明通过运用衬底转移技术将器件从硅衬底上转移到PEN衬底上,并且在衬底转移过程中对二硫化钼材料进行掺杂以降低其接触电阻,简化了制作工艺,降低了成本,提高了器件的性能和柔性,可用于电子、通信和医疗设备。

Description

柔性二硫化钼光电晶体管及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于半导体器件技术领域,特别涉及一种二硫化钼光电晶体管,用于电子、通信和医疗设备。
背景技术
光电晶体管是一种光电探测器,即将光信号转换为电信号的器件,被广泛应用于电子、通信、军事和医疗等领域,光电晶体管作为一种场效应晶体管,其工作原理是利用沟道材料的光电导效应探测入射光,并且可以通过在底栅施加栅压来调控沟道载流子的输运特性。
强烈的光致发光现象使得单层或多层的MoS2材料在光激发器、光电探测器以及光催化等领域有着巨大的应用前景,并且随着MoS2层数的减小,其可以由1.2eV的间接带隙变为1.85eV的直接带隙,并且不同层数的MoS2光电晶体管可以用于不同波长的识别。MoS2光电晶体管的电流的大小取决于光照强度,并且其开关速度快,在50ms内可以实现光电流的产生和消失,其光灵敏度比基于石墨烯的光电晶体管高的多。以MoS2作为沟道材料制造光电晶体管,并且器件的性能优异。但是这些光电晶体管大多制作在硬表面上,呈现扁平状,而柔性表面可以弯曲,类似哺乳动物的眼睛,因而柔性光电晶体管更加容易模拟哺乳动物的眼睛的作用机理,即可以把光电晶体管弯曲成任何形状,按照人们的想法装入光学系统,应用于任何有赖于光传感的产品,单层MoS2材料的柔韧性远大于金属,非常适合制作柔性可穿戴器件,目前有许多研究学者在柔性塑料基底上制作基于二硫化钼的柔性电子器件,发现其在弯折程度很大,当弯折曲率半径为0.75mm时,其性能不发生改变。但是目前的柔性光电晶体管存在以下问题:1)柔性光电晶体管的光电性能低于硬性光电晶体管的性能;2)柔性光电晶体管的制作工艺与目前存在的硬性光电晶体管的制作工艺不兼容,例如高温工艺对于柔性晶体管不适用;3)制作柔性光电晶体管的方法步骤相对普通晶体管较为复杂;4)柔性光电晶体管的制作成本高。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明提出了一种柔性二硫化钼光电晶体管及其制备方法,以在降低接触电阻的基础上提高晶体管性能,降低工艺难度,简化制作步骤,降低制作成本,为实现大批量生产奠定基础。
为实现上述目的,本发明柔性二硫化钼光电晶体管,自下而上包括底栅1,介电层2,半导体层3,半导体层3的两端分别为与介电层2连接的源电极4和漏电极5,其特征在于,底栅1采用表面蒸有ITO透明电极层的柔性透明材料聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯PEN,半导体层3掺杂有5%-15%的氢氧化钾水溶液。
为实现上述目的,本发明制备柔性二硫化钼光电晶体管的方法,包括:
1)将带有200-300nm SiO2的p型重掺杂硅片衬底清洗干净,再用氮气枪吹干;
2)采用透明胶带将1-6nm厚的MoS2薄膜从MoS2固体上剥离,粘在吹干后的硅片上,再去掉胶带,将MoS2薄膜转移到硅片上;
3)在覆盖有MoS2薄膜的硅片衬底上旋涂光刻胶并退火,采用激光直写的方法在光刻胶上刻出电极的图形,衬底置于显影液中浸泡22秒去掉电极区域的光刻胶,暴露出需要蒸镀电极部分的MoS2薄膜;
4)在已刻有电极图形的MoS2薄膜上淀积60-80nm厚的Au,再将其置于丙酮中浸泡5-12小时,以去除电极图形以外多余的Au薄膜以及多余的光刻胶,形成器件的源漏电极,形成以硅为衬底的MoS2光电晶体管;
5)在带有MoS2光电晶体管的硅片上旋涂厚度为100-200nm的聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂薄膜后退火;
6)将硅片衬底四周边缘上旋涂的聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂薄膜刮掉,并将衬底平置于浓度为5%-15%的KOH溶液的表面上悬浮15-45分钟,使器件从硅衬底上剥离;
7)在表面蒸有ITO透明电极层的厚度为125-188μm的聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯PEN衬底上,旋涂厚度为500-1000nm的聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂后退火,再用不带有ITO透明电极层的一侧将悬浮在KOH溶液表面的器件捞起,完成将硅衬底上的MoS2光电晶体管转移到PEN衬底上的操作;
8)将经7)转移后的器件轻拉至PEN衬底中间,并静置直到水分完全蒸发,形成以PEN为衬底的柔性MoS2光电晶体管。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
1.具有柔性性质,
由于本发明的二硫化钼光电晶体管所使用的材料,包括金电极、二硫化钼薄膜以及PEN衬底,这些材料都具有柔性性质,因而制作的二硫化钼光电晶体管有柔性性质。
2.与光的接触面积变大
由于本发明的二硫化钼光电晶体管采用透明衬底PEN,因而二硫化钼层的上下表面都可以接触到光,器件与光的接触面积变大。
3.易于制作
由于本发明制作的二硫化钼光电晶体管是直接从硅衬底转移到PEN衬底上的,因而制作工艺难度低。
4.掺杂步骤简化
由于本发明的剥离器件过程是在浓度为5%-15%的氢氧化钾水溶液中进行的,可将二硫化钼层掺杂步骤与剥离合二为一,简化了掺杂步骤。
5.光响应性能良好
由于本发明利用二维层状二硫化钼材料的载流子迁移率高,带隙窄,光敏性能良好的特点,因而提高了光电性能和对低光照强度的敏感度。
6.接触电阻低
由于氢氧化钾水溶液中的钾离子对单层或多层MoS2进行有效地n型表面掺杂,因而降低了二硫化钼与源漏电极的接触电阻。
附图说明
图1是本发明的柔性二硫化钼光电晶体管结构示意图;
图2是本发明制作柔性二硫化钼光电晶体管的工艺流程图;
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
参见图1,本发明的柔性二硫化钼光电晶体管结构,包括底栅1,介电层2,半导体层3,源电极4和漏电极5,底栅1,介电层2和半导体层3自下而上设立,源电极4和漏电极5分布在半导体层3的两端,且分别与介电层2连接,其中,底栅1采用表面蒸有ITO透明电极层的柔性透明材料聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯PEN,厚度为125-188μm;半导体层3采用厚度为1-6nm的二硫化钼薄膜,且掺杂有5%-15%的氢氧化钾水溶液;介电层2为厚度是200-300nm的二氧化硅;源电极4与漏电极5均采用厚度为60-80nm的Au。
参见图2,本发明制备上述柔性二硫化钼晶体管结构的方法,给出以下实施例:
实施例1,制备二硫化钼薄膜厚度为5.2nm的柔性二硫化钼光电晶体管。
步骤1:清洗硅衬底。
将带有280nm厚的SiO2的p型重掺杂硅片依次置于丙酮和异丙醇中超声清洗15min,去除表面污染物,清洗完成后用氮气枪吹干。
步骤2:在清洗后的衬底上制备MoS2薄膜。
先使用透明胶带将5.2nm厚的MoS2薄膜从MoS2固体上剥离;
再将粘有MoS2薄膜的胶带紧密的贴到步骤1中已经清洗好的硅衬底上;
然后将透明胶带撕下,使MoS2薄膜留在硅片上。
步骤3:在MoS2薄膜上制备电极图形。
3a)在带有MoS2薄膜的硅片上旋涂4μm厚的MICROPOSIT S1811光刻胶,其中旋涂转速为1000rpm,旋涂时间为60s,然后将衬底置于温度为90℃的热台上退火12min,形成光刻胶层;
3b)采用激光直写的方法在MoS2薄膜中的薄膜上制备2μm宽的带状电极图案,即先用光学显微镜在硅片衬底上找到所需的MoS2薄膜并标记其位置,再用计算机控制激光在MoS2薄膜中的薄膜上制备2μm宽的带状电极图案;
3c)将衬底置于Microposit MF 319显影液中浸泡22秒,以去除电极区域的光刻胶,使MoS2薄膜暴露出来,形成带有电极图形的样品。
步骤4:制备Au金属电极。
4a)将步骤3所得到的样品转入到金属蒸镀室中,在真空度小于5×10-4Pa,电流为38A的条件下热蒸发厚度为70nm的Au薄膜;
4b)将带有Au薄膜的样品浸泡在丙酮中10小时,以剥离掉电极图案以外的多余的Au薄膜,完成源漏电极的制作。
步骤5:将已完成的MoS2晶体管从硅衬底上剥离。
5a)将10mg的KOH颗粒溶解于90ml的去离子水中,形成浓度为10%的KOH水溶液;
5b)在带有MoS2晶体管器件的硅片上旋涂180nm厚的聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂,其中旋涂转速为6000rpm,旋涂时间为60s,然后将衬底置于温度为130℃的烘箱里退火15min,形成MoS2晶体管保护层;
5c)将步骤4b中硅片四周边缘上的聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂刮掉,置于浓度为10%的KOH水溶液中悬浮浸泡,并将露出的硅衬底的四周边缘浸泡于KOH溶液大约30分钟,直至MoS2晶体管与衬底剥离。
步骤6:将已剥离的MoS2晶体管转移到PEN衬底上。
6a)将表面蒸镀有ITO透明电极的厚度为150μm的聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯PEN衬底在异丙醇中超声清洗15min,去除表面污染物,清洗完成后用氮气枪吹干。
6b)在ITO/PEN衬底的ITO一侧上旋涂700nm厚的聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂PMMA,其中旋涂转速为2000rpm,旋涂时间为60s,然后将衬底置于温度为130℃的烘箱里退火15min,形成ITO的保护层;
6c)使用步骤6b)中的得到的PMMA/ITO/PEN衬底的聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯PEN一侧将悬浮在KOH溶液中的MoS2晶体管捞起,使用镊子将其置于衬底中间,静置,直到水分完全蒸发,形成以PEN为衬底的柔性MoS2光电晶体管。
实施例2,制备二硫化钼薄膜厚度为1nm的柔性二硫化钼光电晶体管。
步骤一,清洗硅衬底。
将带有200nm厚的SiO2的p型重掺杂硅片依次置于丙酮和异丙醇中超声清洗15min,去除表面污染物,清洗完成后用氮气枪吹干。
步骤二:在清洗后的衬底上制备MoS2薄膜。
先使用透明胶带将1nm厚的MoS2薄膜从MoS2固体上剥离;再将粘有MoS2薄膜的胶带紧密的贴到步骤1中已经清洗好的硅衬底上;然后将透明胶带撕下,使MoS2薄膜留在硅片上。
步骤三:在MoS2薄膜上制备电极图形。
首先,在带有MoS2薄膜的硅片上旋涂3μm厚的MICROPOSIT S1811光刻胶,其中旋涂转速为1200rpm,旋涂时间为60s,然后将衬底置于温度为90℃的热台上退火12min,形成光刻胶层;
然后,采用激光直写的方法在MoS2薄膜中的薄膜上制备2μm宽的带状电极图案;再将衬底置于Microposit MF 319显影液中浸泡22秒,以去除电极区域的光刻胶,使MoS2薄膜暴露出来,形成带有电极图形的样品。
步骤四:制备Au金属电极。
首先,将步骤3所得到的样品转入到金属蒸镀室中,在真空度小于5×10-4Pa,电流为38A的条件下热蒸发厚度为60nm的Au薄膜;
然后将带有Au薄膜的样品浸泡在丙酮中5小时,以剥离掉电极图案以外的多余的Au薄膜,完成源漏电极的制作。
步骤五:将已完成的MoS2晶体管从硅衬底上剥离。
首先,将5mg的KOH颗粒溶解于95ml的去离子水中,形成浓度为5%的KOH水溶液;
然后,在带有MoS2晶体管器件的硅片上旋涂150nm厚的聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂,其中旋涂转速为7000rpm,旋涂时间为60s,接着将衬底置于温度为130℃的烘箱里退火15min,形成MoS2晶体管保护层;再将硅片四周边缘上的聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂刮掉,置于浓度为5%的KOH水溶液中悬浮浸泡,并将露出的硅衬底的四周边缘浸泡于KOH溶液大约45分钟,直至MoS2晶体管与衬底剥离。
步骤六:将已剥离的MoS2晶体管转移到PEN衬底上。
首先,将表面蒸镀有ITO透明电极的厚度为125μm的PEN衬底在异丙醇中超声清洗15min,去除表面污染物,清洗完成后用氮气枪吹干;再在ITO/PEN衬底的ITO一侧上旋涂500nm厚的聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂PMMA,其中旋涂转速为3000rpm,旋涂时间为60s,然后将衬底置于温度为130℃的烘箱里退火15min,形成ITO的保护层;
然后,使用在PMMA/ITO/PEN衬底的PEN一侧将悬浮在KOH溶液中的MoS2晶体管捞起,使用镊子将其置于衬底中间,静置,直到水分完全蒸发,形成以PEN为衬底的柔性MoS2光电晶体管。
实施例3,制备二硫化钼薄膜厚度为6nm的柔性二硫化钼光电晶体管。
步骤A,清洗硅衬底。
将带有300nm厚的SiO2的p型重掺杂硅片依次置于丙酮和异丙醇中超声清洗15min,去除表面污染物,清洗完成后用氮气枪吹干。
步骤B:在清洗后的衬底上制备MoS2薄膜。
B1)使用透明胶带将6nm厚的MoS2薄膜从MoS2固体上剥离;
B2)将粘有MoS2薄膜的胶带紧密的贴到步骤A中已经清洗好的硅衬底上,再将透明胶带撕下,使MoS2薄膜留在硅片上。
步骤C:在MoS2薄膜上制备电极图形。
C1)在带有MoS2薄膜的硅片上旋涂5μm厚的MICROPOSIT S1811光刻胶,其中旋涂转速为800rpm,旋涂时间为60s,然后将衬底置于温度为90℃的热台上退火12min,形成光刻胶层;
C2)采用激光直写的方法在MoS2薄膜中的薄膜上制备2μm宽的带状电极图案;
C3)将衬底置于Microposit MF 319显影液中浸泡22秒,以去除电极区域的光刻胶,使MoS2薄膜暴露出来,形成带有电极图形的样品。
步骤D:制备Au金属电极。
D1)将步骤C所得到的样品转入到金属蒸镀室中,在真空度小于5×10-4Pa,电流为38A的条件下热蒸发厚度为80nm的Au薄膜;
D2)将带有Au薄膜的样品浸泡在丙酮中12小时,以剥离掉电极图案以外的多余的Au薄膜,完成源漏电极的制作。
步骤E:将已完成的MoS2晶体管从硅衬底上剥离。
E1)将15mg的KOH颗粒溶解于85ml的去离子水中,形成浓度为15%的KOH水溶液;
E2)在带有MoS2晶体管器件的硅片上旋涂200nm厚的聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂,其中旋涂转速为5000rpm,旋涂时间为60s,然后将衬底置于温度为130℃的烘箱里退火15min,形成MoS2晶体管保护层;
E3)将步骤E2中硅片四周边缘上的聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂刮掉,置于浓度为15%的KOH水溶液中悬浮浸泡,并将露出的硅衬底的四周边缘浸泡于KOH溶液大约15分钟,直至MoS2晶体管与衬底剥离。
步骤F:将已剥离的MoS2晶体管转移到PEN衬底上。
F1)将表面蒸镀有ITO透明电极的厚度为188μm的PEN衬底在异丙醇中超声清洗15min,去除表面污染物,清洗完成后用氮气枪吹干。
F2)在ITO/PEN衬底的ITO一侧上旋涂1000nm厚的聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂PMMA,其中旋涂转速为1000rpm,旋涂时间为60s,然后将衬底置于温度为130℃的烘箱里退火15min,形成ITO的保护层;
F3)使用步骤F2中得到PMMA/ITO/PEN衬底的PEN一侧将悬浮在KOH溶液中的MoS2晶体管捞起,再使用镊子将其置于衬底中间,静置,直到水分完全蒸发,形成以PEN为衬底的柔性MoS2光电晶体管。
以上描述仅是本发明的三个具体实例,并未构成对本发明的任何限制,显然对于本领域的专业人员来说,在了解了本发明内容和原理后,都可能在不背离本发明原理、结构的情况下,进行形式和细节上的各种修改和改变,但是这些基于本发明思想的修正和改变仍在本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种柔性二硫化钼光电晶体管的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)将带有200-300nm SiO2的p型重掺杂硅片衬底清洗干净,再用氮气枪吹干;
2)采用透明胶带将1-6nm厚的MoS2薄膜从MoS2固体上剥离,粘在吹干后的硅片上,再去掉胶带,将MoS2薄膜转移到硅片上;
3)在覆盖有MoS2薄膜的硅片衬底上旋涂光刻胶并退火,采用激光直写的方法在光刻胶上刻出电极的图形,衬底置于显影液中浸泡22秒去掉电极区域的光刻胶,暴露出需要蒸镀电极部分的MoS2薄膜;
4)在已刻有电极图形的MoS2薄膜上淀积60-80nm厚的Au,再将其置于丙酮中浸泡5-12小时,以去除电极图形以外多余的Au薄膜以及多余的光刻胶,形成器件的源漏电极,形成以硅为衬底的MoS2光电晶体管;
5)在带有MoS2光电晶体管的硅片上旋涂厚度为150-200nm的聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂薄膜后退火;
6)将硅片衬底四周边缘上旋涂的聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂薄膜刮掉,并将衬底平置于浓度为5%-15%的KOH溶液的表面上悬浮15-45分钟,使器件从硅衬底上剥离;
7)在表面蒸有ITO透明电极层的厚度为125-188μm的PEN衬底上,旋涂厚度为500-1000nm的聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂后退火,再用不带有ITO透明电极层的一侧将悬浮在KOH溶液表面的器件捞起,完成将硅衬底上的MoS2光电晶体管转移到PEN衬底上的操作;
8)将经7)转移后的器件轻拉至聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯PEN衬底中间,并静置直到水分完全蒸发,形成以PEN为衬底的柔性MoS2光电晶体管。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中在覆盖有MoS2薄膜的硅片衬底上旋涂光刻胶并退火,其工艺参数如下:
旋涂光刻胶的厚度为3-5μm,旋涂速度为800-1200rpm,旋涂时间为60s;
退火的温度为90℃,退火的时间为12min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中采用激光直写的方法在光刻胶上刻出电极的图形,是先用光学显微镜在硅片衬底上找到所需的MoS2薄膜并标记其位置,再用计算机控制激光在MoS2薄膜中的薄膜上制备2μm宽的带状电极图案。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤4)中在已刻有电极图形的MoS2薄膜上淀积Au,是将步骤3所得到的样品转入到金属蒸镀室中,在真空度小于5×10-4Pa,电流为38A的条件下热蒸发60-80nm厚的Au薄膜。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:
步骤5)中在带有MoS2光电晶体管的硅片上旋涂厚度为100-200nm的聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂薄膜后退火,其工艺参数如下:
旋涂转速为5000-7000rpm,旋涂时间为60s;
退火的温度为130℃,退火时间为15min;
步骤7)中在表面蒸有ITO透明电极层的PEN衬底上旋涂厚度为500-1000nm的聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂后退火,其工艺参数如下:
旋涂转速为1000-3000rpm,旋涂时间为60s;
退火温度为130℃,退火时间为15min。
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