CN109326663A - 太阳能模块 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种太阳能模块,包括封装层、多个相间隔埋设于该封装层中的太阳能电池以及设于该封装层上的第一图形层,且该第一图形层对应于各该太阳能电池之间的间隔位置,以吸收穿过该间隔的光线,而达到遮蔽建筑物外墙的效果,以符合节能的需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种太阳能电池,尤其涉及一种整合有多个太阳能电池的太阳能模块。
背景技术
对于应用于建筑物立面的硅晶型太阳能模块,需具备较高的耐久性与安全性,且外观图样需平顺,才能符合建筑物所需的品质要求。
如图1A所示,现有的硅晶型太阳能模块1利用玻璃盖板12与背膜(Back Sheet)11将已串焊的太阳能电池(Solar Cell)13封装于透明或部分白色的封装层10中,再于此封装件周围以发泡胶带(foam tape)14结合铝框15,其中,形成该封装层10的材质可为乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(Ethylene Vinyl Acetate,简称EVA)或聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)。
然而,考量耐久性与安全性,前述太阳能模块1并无法符合安装于建筑物立面上的需求。例如,前述太阳能模块1于长期使用后,该背膜11容易风化,致使该太阳能模块1损坏,抑或,该太阳能模块1容易于该背膜11处起火。
因此,遂发展出以玻璃板11’取代背膜的技术,如图1B所示的太阳能模块1’,采用双玻模块合的封装结构,即利用玻璃盖板12与玻璃板11’将已串焊的太阳能电池13封装于该封装层10中,使该太阳能模块1’能避免风化的问题以增加其使用寿命增加至与其它建材相同,并提高结构安全性以降低发热起火的风险。
然而,前述太阳能模块1’中,光线会穿透各该太阳能电池13之间的空隙w而经由该玻璃板11’照射至建筑物,致使无论采用透明或部分白色的封装层10,在外观上均会呈现该太阳能电池13的格状图样,因而丑化建筑物,使其无法符合美观的需求,且该封装层10容易受紫外线照射而发黄,使建筑物加速呈现老旧的样貌。
再者,现有的太阳能模块1’用于立面时的尺寸需配合建筑规格,如600㎜x 1200㎜或900㎜x 1800㎜,并非传统硅晶太阳能模块的标准尺寸(如60片太阳能电池的1656㎜x992㎜的尺寸或72片太阳能电池的1956㎜x992㎜的尺寸),故当采用透明或部分白色的封装层10时,阳光可直接穿透该太阳能模块1’上极大的区域(经由各该太阳能电池13之间的空隙w)而照射至建筑物外墙,致使该太阳能模块1’无法达到遮蔽建筑物外墙的效果,造成建筑物外墙于日照时温度极高,因而需增加空调(或冷气机)于调温时的用电量,导致建筑物的能耗(如空调用电量)占总体能耗极高比例(约24%以上),因而难以符合节能的需求。
因此,如何克服现有的市售太阳能模块或建筑一体的太阳能模块(BIPV SolarModule)的技术的种种问题,实为一重要课题。
发明内容
为解决上述现有技术的问题,本发明遂公开一种太阳能模块,符合节能的需求。
本发明的太阳能模块包括封装层、多个太阳能电池以及第一图形层,所述封装层具有相对的第一表面与第二表面;多个太阳能电池埋设于该封装层中,且各该太阳能电池之间具有间隔;第一图形层结合该封装层的第一表面并对应该间隔位置。
前述的太阳能模块中,所述太阳能电池为电性串联。
前述的太阳能模块中,还包括透光板,其结合于该封装层的第一表面与该第一图形层上。
前述的太阳能模块中,还包括透光板,其结合于该封装层的第二表面上。
前述的太阳能模块中,还包括第二图形层结合该封装层的第一表面及/或该第二表面并位于该封装层的边缘处。例如,该第二图形层与该第一图形层为相同材质。较佳者,该第一图形层及第二图形层的图纹及颜色同于该太阳能电池的图纹与颜色。
另一方面,还包括密封材,其设于该封装层外围并对应该第二图形层位置,以与该第二图形层重叠。例如,该密封材与该太阳能电池之间具有另一间隔。较佳者,该第二图形层的涂布面积大于或等于该密封材的涂布面积,且该第二图形层遮蔽该另一间隔。
由上可知,本发明的太阳能模块中,主要通过第一图形层对应设于相邻太阳能电池间的间隔位置,以吸收穿过该间隔的光线,使光线无法穿过第一透光板,因而能达到遮蔽建筑物外墙的效果,故相较于现有技术,本发明的太阳能模块能降低建筑物外墙于日照时的温度,因而能减少空调(或冷气机)于调温时的用电量,进而有效降低建筑物的能耗占总体能耗的比例,以符合节能的需求。
再者,利用第一图形层及第二图形层的配置,本发明的太阳能模块在外观上不会呈现该太阳能电池的格状图样,且能避免丑化建筑物的问题,以符合美观的需求。
又,由于该第一图形层及第二图形曾会吸收穿过该间隔的光线,因而能减少该封装层的紫外线照射量,进而能减轻该封装层发黄的程度,故相较于现有技术,本发明的太阳能模块能达到减缓建筑物样貌老旧的速度的目的。
附图说明
图1A为现有太阳能模块的剖面示意图;
图1B为另一种现有太阳能模块的剖面示意图;以及
图2为本发明的太阳能模块的剖面示意图。
附图标记说明:
1,1’,2 太阳能模块
10,20 封装层
11 背膜
11’ 玻璃板
12 玻璃盖板
13,23 太阳能电池
14 发泡胶带
15 铝框
20a 第一表面
20b 第二表面
21 第一透光板
22 第二透光板
24 第一图形层
25a,25b 第二图形层
26 密封材
A,B 涂布面积
d 厚度
S 重叠区域
t,t’ 间隔
w 空隙。
具体实施方式
以下通过特定的具体实施例说明本发明的实施方式,本领域技术人员可由本说明书所公开的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点及功效。
须知,本说明书所附附图所绘示的结构、比例、大小等,均仅用以配合说明书所公开的内容,以供本领域技术人员的了解与阅读,并非用以限定本发明可实施的限定条件,故不具技术上的实质意义,任何结构的修饰、比例关系的改变或大小的调整,在不影响本发明所能产生的功效及所能达成的目的下,均应仍落在本发明所公开的技术内容得能涵盖的范围内。同时,本说明书中所引用的如“上”及“一”等的用语,亦仅为便于叙述的明了,而非用以限定本发明可实施的范围,其相对关系的改变或调整,在无实质变更技术内容下,当视为本发明可实施的范畴。
图2为本发明的太阳能模块2的剖面示意图。如图2所示,所述的太阳能模块2包括一封装层20、第一透光板21、第二透光板22、多个太阳能电池23、第一图形层24、第二图形层25a,25b以及密封材26。
所述的封装层20具有相对的第一表面20a与第二表面20b。于本实施例中,形成该封装层20的材质为透明材质、半透明材质或部分白色的材质,例如,乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)或聚稀烃(Polyolefin,简称PO)等,但不限于上述。
所述的太阳能电池23分离埋设于该封装层20中,使各该太阳能电池23之间具有间隔t,且各该太阳能电池23以焊接多个线路(图未示)的方式呈现串联型态的电性连接。
所述的第一图形层24设于该封装层20的第一表面20a并对应该间隔t位置。
于本实施例中,形成该第一图形层24的材质为釉彩(glaze)。
所述的第一透光板21为玻璃板或其它适合板材,其结合于该封装层20的第一表面20a与该第一图形层24上。
所述的第二透光板22为玻璃板或其它适合板材,其结合于该封装层20的第二表面20b上。
该第二透光板22为前板,以供光线进入并到达该太阳能电池23。该第一透光板21为后板。
因此,通过双玻璃(即该第一透光板21与第二透光板22)封装结构的设计,不仅使该太阳能模块2的使用寿命能增加至与其它建材相同(至少50年),且能避免风化的问题,并提高结构安全性以避免发热起火的问题。
所述的第二图形层25a,25b设于该封装层20的第一表面20a与该第二表面20b并位于该封装层20的边缘处。
于本实施例中,该第二图形层25a,25b与该第一图形层24为相同材质。较佳者,该第二图形层25a,25b的釉彩的图纹及颜色同于该太阳能电池23的图纹与颜色,使该太阳能模块2的外观图样均匀,以大幅提高建筑物的美与质感。
所述的密封材26(如防水材)呈环状体(如防水圈)而设于该封装层20外围,并对应该第二图形层25a,25b位置,以与该第二图形层25a,25b重叠(overlap),如图所示的重叠区域S,且令该封装层20及密封材26为第一透光板21及第二透光板22所夹置,其中,该重叠区域S包含该第一透光板21及其上的第二图形层25a、该密封材26与该第二透光板22及其上的第二图形层25b。
于本实施例中,该密封材26为例如丁基胶(Butyl Adhesives)而呈现黑色。
再者,该密封材26接触该第二图形层25a,25b而未接触该太阳能电池23,使该密封材26与该太阳能电池23之间亦具有间隔t’,其中,该间隔t’大于该太阳能电池23的厚度d。
又,该第二透光板22上的第二图形层25b可遮蔽该密封材26,故该第二图形层25b的釉彩涂布面积A需大于或等于该密封材26的涂布面积B。因此,通过该第二透光板22上的第二图形层25b遮蔽该密封材26,以避免该太阳能模块2的外观出现黑色外圈而破坏该太阳能模块2的美观的问题。此外,还可利用该第一透光板21上的第二图形层25a(或利用该第二透光板22上的第二图形层25b)遮蔽该密封材26与该太阳能电池23的间隔t’,使光线无法穿过该第一透光板21。
另外,通过该密封材26抗水气的特性,以确保该封装层20于使用多年后不会剥离,且能避免因水气渗透而导致该太阳能电池23的发电率下降的问题。
本发明的太阳能模块2的制作过程先将釉彩以转印或喷涂方式形成于该第一透光板21与该第二透光板22上,再经由至少500℃以上的高温进行烧结,以令该釉彩成为该第一图形层24与该第二图形层25a,25b且紧密结合至该第一透光板21与该第二透光板22上。之后,于该第一透光板21及该第二透光板22上形成封装材,再将第一透光板21及该第二透光板22以封装材压合包覆该些已串联的太阳能电池23,并热固该些封装材以成为该封装层20及层压一圈密封材26,即完成该太阳能模块2的制作。
综上所述,本发明的太阳能模块2于使用时,由于该第一图形层24对应该间隔t位置,同时利用第二图形层25a,25b对应该间隔t’位置,以吸收穿过该间隔t,t’的光线,使光线无法穿过该第一透光板21,故该太阳能模块2呈现整体不透光状态,因而能达到遮蔽建筑物外墙的效果,以降低建筑物外墙于日照时的温度,进而减少空调(或冷气机)于调温时的用电量。因此,本发明的太阳能模块2能有效降低建筑物的能耗(如空调用电量)占总体能耗的比例(如悉知24%以上),亦即降至24%以下,以符合节能的需求。
再者,利用第一图形层24及第二图形层25a,25b的设置,故该太阳能模块2在外观上不会呈现该太阳能电池13的格状图样,因而避免丑化建筑物的问题,以符合美观的需求。
又,由于该第一图形层24及第二图形层25a,25b会吸收穿过该间隔t,t’的光线,因而能减少该封装层20的紫外线照射量,进而能减轻该封装层20发黄的程度,故本发明的太阳能模块2能有效减缓建筑物样貌老旧的速度。
上述实施例仅用以例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效,而非用于限制本发明。本领域技术人员均可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下,对上述实施例进行修改。因此本发明的权利保护范围,应如权利要求书所列。
Claims (10)
1.一种太阳能模块,其特征为,该太阳能模块包括:
封装层,其具有相对的第一表面与第二表面;
多个太阳能电池,其埋设于该封装层中,且各该太阳能电池之间具有间隔;以及
第一图形层,其结合该封装层的第一表面并对应该间隔位置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能模块,其特征为,该太阳能模块还包括结合于该封装层的第一表面与该第一图形层上的透光板。
3.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能模块,其特征为,该太阳能模块还包括结合于该封装层的第二表面上的透光板。
4.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能模块,其特征为,该太阳能模块还包括第二图形层结合该封装层的第一表面及/或该第二表面并位于该封装层的边缘处。
5.根据权利要求4所述的太阳能模块,其特征为,该第二图形层与该第一图形层为由相同材质形成。
6.根据权利要求4所述的太阳能模块,其特征为,该第一图形层与该第二图形层的图纹及颜色同于该太阳能电池的图纹与颜色。
7.根据权利要求4所述的太阳能模块,其特征为,该太阳能模块还包括密封材,其设于该封装层外围并对应该第二图形层位置,以与该第二图形层重叠。
8.根据权利要求7所述的太阳能模块,其特征为,该密封材与该太阳能电池之间具有另一间隔。
9.根据权利要求8所述的太阳能模块,其特征为,该第二图形层遮蔽住该另一间隙。
10.根据权利要求7所述的太阳能模块,其特征为,该第二图形层的涂布面积大于或等于该密封材的涂布面积。
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