CN109321901A - 一种用于非金属表面化学镀的铜盐敏化活化方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种非金属表面化学镀的工艺方法，属材料表面工程技术领域，其特征在于非金属表面化学镀的工艺过程为：工件→前处理→水洗→铜盐敏化活化→水洗→化学镀→后处理(电镀)，其中在前处理后需进行铜盐敏化活化过程，即将经前处理后的工件放入CuSO4溶液中浸泡，让Cu2+离子浸入到工件表面的微观孔隙或裂纹中，再放到含有还原剂甲醛的碱溶液中，使孔隙或裂纹中Cu2+离子还原为铜分子并沉积在孔隙或裂纹中，形成后续化学镀的晶体生长所需的晶核。本发明由于不使用贵金属钯和银，能节约贵金属资源，降低生产成本，操作简便。本发明所制备的非金属表面上的铜层，与基体结合良好，组织成分均匀。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料表面工程技术领域，具体涉及一种非金属表面化学镀的工艺方法。
背景技术
非金属材料(如陶瓷，塑料，玻璃等)表面进行金属化处理后，能使其表面具有导电性、导磁性、可焊性，以及装饰性等金属性能。化学镀是非金属表面金属化的最常用方法，可赋予其表面一层金属层，从而能像金属一样进行其它后续处理，如电镀。化学镀已被广泛应用于电子工业、医疗器械、仪器仪表、汽车、摩托车、五金等领域的材料表面加工处理中。
传统的非金属表面化学镀工艺为[1]：工件→前处理→水洗→敏化→水洗→活化→水洗→化学镀→后处理(电镀)。前处理是将工件脱脂除油后，通过机械，物理或化学方法使非金属表面产生微观孔隙或裂纹，也称粗化处理。敏化是将经前处理后的工件浸入含二价锡离子(Sn2+)的溶液中，在后续的水洗过程中，工件表面孔隙和裂纹中的二价锡(Sn2+)与水反应形成二价锡胶体而附着在孔隙和裂纹中。活化是将经过敏化处理后的工件浸入含有贵金属钯离子(Pd2+)或银离子(Ag+)的溶液中，钯离子(Pd2+)或银离子(Ag+)在工件表面的孔隙和裂纹中被二价锡胶体还原成固态金属微粒，形成后续化学镀的晶体生长的晶核。化学镀是经过活化后的工件在含有还原剂的化学镀液中形成表面金属层的过程，非金属表面化学镀通常采用化学镀铜或化学镀镍。
在非金属化学镀工艺过程中，由于在敏化和活化过程中使用贵金属钯盐或银盐，成本较高。为此，本专利发明了一种不用钯盐或银盐的敏化和活化工艺，而是使用铜盐，从而降低生产成本。
参考文献:
[1]张允成胡如南向荣.电镀手册(上册第二版)[M],国防工业出版社,北京,1997,7.670-684
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种无贵金属钯或银活化液的非金属表面化学镀的方法，工艺过程为：工件→前处理→水洗→铜盐敏化活化→水洗→化学镀→后处理(电镀)，其前处理、化学镀和后处理过程均可采用传统的非金属表面化学镀的方法。
本发明的特征在于铜盐敏化活化过程，即将经前处理后的工件放入CuSO4溶液中浸泡，让Cu2+离子浸入到工件表面的微观孔隙或裂纹中，再放到含有还原剂甲醛的碱溶液中，使孔隙或裂纹中Cu2+离子还原为铜分子并沉积在孔隙或裂纹中，形成后续化学镀的晶体生长所需的晶核。具体的铜盐敏化活化过程为：在浓度为10～14g·L-1硫酸铜(CuSO4·5H2O)溶液中，室温下浸泡处理3～7分钟，随后在含16～20g·L-1NaOH，25～35mL·L-1甲醛(HCHO，含量37％)的溶液中，于40～60℃下浸泡反应20～30分钟，即完成敏化活化处理。
本发明由于不使用贵金属钯和银，能节约贵金属资源，降低生产成本，操作简便。本发明所制备的非金属表面上的铜层，与基体结合良好，组织成分均匀。
具体实施方法
下面以ABS塑料化学镀铜为例，对本发明作进一步的说明。工艺过程为： ABS塑料→前处理(去应力，除油，粗化，中和)→水洗→铜盐敏化活化→水洗→化学镀铜。
实施例1：
1)前处理(去应力，除油，粗化，中和)
(1)去应力：将ABS塑料在丙酮水溶液中(丙酮与水的体积比为1:3)常温浸泡30分钟。(2)除油：将ABS塑料放入含10wt％NaOH的1:1酒精溶液(酒精与水比例为1:1)，在60℃保温30分钟，用水清洗干净。(3)粗化：将ABS 塑料放入含390g·L-1CrO3，300mL·L-1H2SO4溶液中，在60℃下进行粗化处理25 分钟。(4)中和：在50g·L-1NaOH溶液中，室温下，进行中和处理1分钟，用水清洗干净。
2)铜盐敏化活化
将经过前处理的ABS塑料放入10g·L-1CuSO4·5H2O溶液中，室温浸泡处理 3分钟，随后放入含16g·L-1NaOH，25mL·L-1甲醛的溶液中，于40℃下浸泡反应20分钟。
2)化学镀铜
将经过敏化活化处理后的ABS塑料放入常规的化学镀液中，50℃下反应30 分钟，用蒸馏水清洗，风机吹干。ABS塑料表面获得了均匀，与基体结合良好的铜层。
化学镀液配方和工艺参数如下：
实施例2：
1)前处理(去应力，除油，粗化，中和)
(1)去应力：将ABS塑料在丙酮水溶液中(丙酮与水的体积比为1:3)常温浸泡35分钟。(2)除油：将ABS塑料放入含10wt％NaOH的1:1酒精溶液(酒精与水比例为1:1)，在65℃保温35分钟，用水清洗干净。(3)粗化：将ABS 塑料放入含400g·L-1CrO3，350mL·L-1H2SO4溶液中，在65℃下进行粗化处理30 分钟。(4)中和：在75g·L-1NaOH溶液中，室温下，进行中和处理1分钟，用水清洗干净。
2)铜盐敏化活化
将经过前处理的ABS塑料放入12g·L-1CuSO4·5H2O溶液中，室温浸泡处理 5分钟，随后放入含18g·L-1NaOH，30mL·L-1甲醛的溶液中，于50℃下浸泡反应25分钟。
3)化学镀铜
将经过敏化活化处理后的ABS塑料放入常规的化学镀液中，55℃下反应35 分钟，用蒸馏水清洗，风机吹干。ABS塑料表面获得了均匀，与基体结合良好的铜层。
化学镀液配方和工艺参数如下：
实施例3：
1)前处理(去应力，除油，粗化，中和)
(1)去应力：将ABS塑料在丙酮水溶液中(丙酮与水的体积比为1:3)常温浸泡40分钟。(2)除油：将ABS塑料放入含10wt％NaOH的1:1酒精溶液(酒精与水比例为1:1)，在70℃保温40分钟，用水清洗干净。(3)粗化：将ABS 塑料放入含410g·L-1CrO3，400mL·L-1H2SO4溶液中，在70℃下进行粗化处理35 分钟。(4)中和：在100g·L-1NaOH溶液中，室温下，进行中和处理1分钟，用水清洗干净。
2)铜盐敏化活化
将经过前处理的ABS塑料放入14g·L-1CuSO4·5H2O溶液中，室温浸泡处理 7分钟，随后放入含20g·L-1NaOH，35mL·L-1甲醛的溶液中，于60℃下浸泡反应30分钟。
3)化学镀铜
将经过敏化活化处理后的ABS塑料放入常规的化学镀液中，60℃下反应40 分钟，用蒸馏水清洗，风机吹干。ABS塑料表面获得了均匀，与基体结合良好的铜层。
化学镀液配方和工艺参数如下：
。
Claims (2)
1.一种用于非金属表面化学镀的铜盐敏化活化方法，其特征在于非金属表面化学镀的工艺过程为：工件→前处理→水洗→铜盐敏化活化→水洗→化学镀→后处理(电镀)，其中在前处理后需进行铜盐敏化活化过程，即将经前处理后的工件放入CuSO4溶液中浸泡，让Cu2 +离子浸入到工件表面的微观孔隙或裂纹中，再放到含有还原剂甲醛的碱溶液中，使孔隙或裂纹中Cu2+离子还原为铜分子并沉积在孔隙或裂纹中，形成后续化学镀的晶体生长所需的晶核。所述前处理、化学镀和后处理过程均可采用传统的非金属表面化学镀的方法。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于非金属表面化学镀的铜盐敏化活化方法，其特征在于所述铜盐敏化活化过程为：在浓度为10～14g·L-1硫酸铜(CuSO4·5H2O)溶液中，室温下浸泡处理3～7分钟，随后在含16～20g·L-1NaOH，25～35mL·L-1甲醛(HCHO，含量37％)的溶液中，于40～60℃下浸泡反应20～30分钟，即完成敏化活化处理。
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| JPS5092829A (zh) * | 1973-12-20 | 1975-07-24 | ||
| CN102560447A (zh) * | 2011-12-14 | 2012-07-11 | 内蒙古农业大学 | 一种木材化学镀铜的活化工艺 |
| CN103334093A (zh) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-10-02 | 长安大学 | 一种陶瓷材料化学镀铜的活化工艺 |
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| JPS5092829A (zh) * | 1973-12-20 | 1975-07-24 | ||
| CN102560447A (zh) * | 2011-12-14 | 2012-07-11 | 内蒙古农业大学 | 一种木材化学镀铜的活化工艺 |
| CN103334093A (zh) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-10-02 | 长安大学 | 一种陶瓷材料化学镀铜的活化工艺 |
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| CN109930139A (zh) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-06-25 | 云南师范大学 | 一种用于非金属表面化学镀的锡盐敏化活化方法 |
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