CN109311216A - 具有集成构成的把手区域的拉伸吹塑而成的塑料容器和用于塑料容器的制造方法 - Google Patents

具有集成构成的把手区域的拉伸吹塑而成的塑料容器和用于塑料容器的制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109311216A
CN109311216A CN201780035000.7A CN201780035000A CN109311216A CN 109311216 A CN109311216 A CN 109311216A CN 201780035000 A CN201780035000 A CN 201780035000A CN 109311216 A CN109311216 A CN 109311216A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
plastic containers
container body
wall
grip area
welding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201780035000.7A
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English (en)
Inventor
阿德姆·德米尔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alwenlena & Co KG Alpra Works GmbH
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Alwenlena & Co KG Alpra Works GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alwenlena & Co KG Alpra Works GmbH filed Critical Alwenlena & Co KG Alpra Works GmbH
Publication of CN109311216A publication Critical patent/CN109311216A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/02—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
    • B65D1/0223—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by shape
    • B65D1/023—Neck construction
    • B65D1/0246—Closure retaining means, e.g. beads, screw-threads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/08—Biaxial stretching during blow-moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/4268—Auxiliary operations during the blow-moulding operation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/4273—Auxiliary operations after the blow-moulding operation not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/48—Moulds
    • B29C49/4802—Moulds with means for locally compressing part(s) of the parison in the main blowing cavity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/72—Deflashing outside the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B29C65/1638—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding focusing the laser beam on the interface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1648—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface radiating the edges of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/1651—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface radiating the edges of the parts to be joined radiating the edges of holes or perforations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/03—After-treatments in the joint area
    • B29C66/032—Mechanical after-treatments
    • B29C66/0326—Cutting, e.g. by using waterjets, or perforating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B29C66/1312—Single flange to flange joints, the parts to be joined being rigid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/349—Cooling the welding zone on the welding spot
    • B29C66/3494—Cooling the welding zone on the welding spot while keeping the welding zone under pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81266—Optical properties, e.g. transparency, reflectivity
    • B29C66/81267—Transparent to electromagnetic radiation, e.g. to visible light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B29C66/83221—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis cooperating reciprocating tools, each tool reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/02—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D23/00—Details of bottles or jars not otherwise provided for
    • B65D23/10—Handles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
    • B29C2049/023—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison using inherent heat of the preform, i.e. 1 step blow moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/48—Moulds
    • B29C49/4802—Moulds with means for locally compressing part(s) of the parison in the main blowing cavity
    • B29C2049/4807—Moulds with means for locally compressing part(s) of the parison in the main blowing cavity by movable mould parts in the mould halves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/72—Deflashing outside the mould
    • B29C2049/725—Means for removing the deflashed parts from the deflashing area, e.g. burrs being removed from the deflashing area by a conveyor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2793/00—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
    • B29C2793/0009—Cutting out
    • B29C2793/0018—Cutting out for making a hole
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2793/00—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
    • B29C2793/009—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation after shaping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
    • B29C2949/0715—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration the preform having one end closed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
    • B29C49/06—Injection blow-moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/48—Moulds
    • B29C49/4802—Moulds with means for locally compressing part(s) of the parison in the main blowing cavity
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1645—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface heating both sides of the joint, e.g. by using two lasers or a split beam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8122—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
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Abstract

本发明描述一种拉伸吹塑而成的塑料容器，例如，优选透明的塑料瓶，所述塑料容器具有包围填充体积的容器体部(12)和连接到容器体部(12)的相对置的端部上的容器颈部(11)以及集成构成的把手区域(18)，所述容器体部具有容器底部(19)，所述容器颈部具有容器开口。把手区域(18)构成为中空的并且与被容器体部(12)包围的填充体积处于连接。在把手区域(18)和容器体部(12)之间空出抓握口(17)，所述抓握口在其整个环周上被容器体部(12)的和把手区域(18)的彼此焊接的壁部件包边。

Description

具有集成构成的把手区域的拉伸吹塑而成的塑料容器和用于 塑料容器的制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分的、具有集成构成的把手区域的、拉伸吹塑而成的塑料容器、例如优选透明的塑料瓶。本发明还涉及一种根据独立的方法权利要求的用于制造这种塑料容器的方法。
背景技术
过去常用的由镀锡铁皮或非铁板、玻璃或还由陶瓷构成的容器正日渐被由塑料构成的容器取代。主要使用塑料容器尤其应用于家用、农业、工业和商业等中的液体物质的包装。低的重量和较低的成本当然在该替代中扮演重要角色。可循环的塑料材料的使用和在其制造中整体上更有利的总能量平衡也有助于促进消费者接受塑料容器。
对于制造塑料容器、尤其塑料瓶，已知不同的方法，其应用也不只与所使用的塑料相关。塑料容器大多以吹塑法制成，其中容器、例如塑料瓶通过吹模中的过压而吹塑成其最终的形状。在吹塑中区分不同的方法技术，其中尤其提到挤出吹塑法、注射吹塑法和注射拉伸吹塑法。在挤出吹塑法中，单层的或多层的塑料管被热挤出，引入到吹模中并且经由移入到模腔中的吹塑芯棒吹塑成塑料容器。注射吹塑法是注塑和吹塑的组合。在此，首先以注塑法在注塑模中制造预成型坯。预成型坯从注塑模中脱模，必要时进行预处理并且引入到吹模的模腔中，在所述模腔中所述预成型坯最后用过压按照通过模腔预设的形状吹塑。在注射拉伸吹塑法中，被引入到模腔中的预成型坯在吹塑过程中附加地用拉伸芯棒拉伸。预成型坯的吹塑能够直接紧随于其以注塑方法制造之后进行。在替选的制造方法中，预成型坯的进一步加工也能够在时间和/或空间上与预成型坯的制造分开地进行。最后还应提及的是，预成型坯也能够以挤压法或也能够以挤出吹塑法制造。
具有集成的把手区域的第一塑料容器以挤出吹塑方法由聚乙烯(PE)制造。聚乙烯整体上能良好地加工并且允许，集成的把手区域通过变形和焊接制造。然而，缺点是：由PE构成的塑料容器是不透明的。因此，PE很快被作为原材料的聚氯乙烯(PVC)替代，所述聚氯乙烯实现：用来制造具有集成的把手区域的透明的塑料容器。虽然PVC具有良好的可焊接性，但在不同的吹塑法中相对难于加工。生态原因也反对将PVC极其大量地用作为用于透明的塑料容器的原材料。许多替选的、尽管具有期望的透明度的塑料由于其相对困难的可加工性并且由于例如在坠落试验中过低的机械强度而出于价格原因被排除作为用于具有集成的把手区域的塑料容器的材料。
在拉伸吹塑方法中最常用于制造透明的塑料容器的原材料是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。由于在拉伸吹塑方法中能达到大的拉伸，PET具有非常良好的机械强度值。例如，在PET的拉伸吹塑方法中达到直至20的总拉伸系数。这与例如在聚烯烃、如聚乙烯(PE)或聚丙烯(PP)中大多小于5的总拉伸系数对比，所述聚烯烃通常以挤出吹塑法加工。由于相对于挤出吹塑而成的塑料容器更高的总拉伸系数，拉伸吹塑而成的、尤其由PET构成的塑料容器具有明显更大的机械强度值。这和尤其借助PET和类似的塑料、例如PEF的成本低的方法方案使拉伸吹塑法也尤其对于制造具有集成的把手区域的塑料容器非常有吸引力。
从JP 61 043535 A中已知拉伸吹塑方法，其中把手区域通过在吹模内部的变形构成。在此，在容器体部被拉伸吹塑成其最终形状之后，容器体部上的彼此相对置的壁区域被能移入到吹模内部的推杆压紧。这样构成的把手区域在塑料容器的两侧形成把手槽。当然，示出：不总能可靠地操作具有构成为把手槽的把手区域的这样的瓶。因此，由PET制成的、具有把手槽的瓶在市场上尚未能被普遍接受。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是弥补现有技术的塑料容器的这些缺点和不足。应当提供一种具有集成地构成的把手区域的塑料容器，例如塑料瓶，所述塑料容器借助集成的把手区域能可靠地抓握和运输。在此，塑料容器应当能以很大程度上标准化的拉伸吹塑方法制造。应当能够避免方法方案的耗费的修改。制造方法应当允许短的循环时间并且能成本低地执行。
该目的以及还有其他目的的解决方案在于拉伸吹塑而成的、具有集成构成的把手区域的塑料容器，所述塑料容器具有权利要求1中列举的特征。用于根据本发明的塑料容器的所属的制造方法具有在独立的方法权利要求中列举的特征。本发明的改进方案和/或有利的实施方案变型形式是相应的从属的设备权利要求或方法权利要求的主题。
本发明提出一种拉伸吹塑而成的塑料容器，所述塑料容器具有包围填充体积的容器体部和连接到容器体部的相对置的纵向端部上的容器颈部以及集成地构成的把手区域，所述容器体部具有容器底部，所述容器颈部具有容器开口。把手区域构成为中空的并且与被容器体部包围的填充体积处于连接。在把手区域和容器体部之间空出抓握口，所述抓握口在其整个环周上被容器体部的和把手区域的彼此焊接的壁部件包边。
塑料容器的把手区域构成为中空的并且与填充体积处于连接。由此，填充的物质也能够扩展到把手区域中。因此，中空的把手区域有助于填充体积。在此，其具有受把手区域的内壁限界的面积的尺寸在其大约5mm2至大约400mm2的最窄位置上赋予所述把手区域足够的强度。在此，把手区域能够具有任意的几何形状。至少在把手的区域中倒圆、例如椭圆形或卵形构成的几何实施方案被证明为对于用户抓握是舒适的。留空的抓握口使抓握和握持塑料容器变得容易。由此，塑料容器也能够具有大约0.5升至大约20升的容积并且能够更好地抓握以及安全地握持和操作。塑料容器以很大程度上传统的拉伸吹塑方法由管状的预成型坯制造，所述预成型坯先前通常以注塑法制成。以拉伸吹塑方法由传统的预成型坯制造塑料容器导致使用的塑料材料的大的拉伸并且能够例如在镦锻强度和抗坠落性方面提供非常良好的机械强度值。以拉伸吹塑方法由预成型坯构成的制造方法能理解为在完成吹塑的塑料容器上。例如，在容器底部上能看到预成型坯的注射点。设置有容器开口的容器颈部通常也具有较大的壁厚度并且因为所述容器颈部在拉伸吹塑方法中处于吹模腔之外而不能被拉伸。
在塑料容器的一个实施方案变型形式中，给抓握口包边的、彼此焊接的壁部件能够形成焊缝，其具有100μm至5mm的宽度。
塑料容器的另一实施方案变型形式能够提出，彼此焊接的壁部件以激光熔透型焊接法彼此连接。在这样的传统的激光焊接方法中，在此，焊缝通常能达到3mm至5mm的宽度。
在塑料容器的替选的实施方案变型形式中，清晰焊接方法(Klar-Klar-Schweissverfahren)能够用作为用于焊接给抓握口包边的壁部件的激光焊接法。在这种情况下，壁部件具有大于3的总拉伸系数。在制成的塑料容器上，这能借助100μm至3mm的非常窄的焊缝宽度理解。在此，焊缝能够具有直至仅10μm的非常小的波动宽度。清晰焊接激光焊接允许非常准确地焊接相对于所使用的激光辐射透明的塑料材料而无需添加添加剂。因此，给抓握口包边的壁区域能够彼此焊接。在传统的激光焊接中，上方接合配合件被激光熔透并且热量仅在位于其下方的下方接合配合件中产生，而在清晰焊接时，热量被引入到整个激光熔透的体部中。由于射入的激光准确地聚焦在焊接平面上，两个接合配合件的材料熔化。在此，能够通过激发塑料中的水分子以振荡来实现热量输入。因此，用于将射入的能量转化成热量的添加剂能够被弃用。由此，能够简化并且加速激光焊接过程。
在根据本发明的塑料容器的一个实施方案变型形式中，容器体部能够具有0.5升至20升，优选0.7升至10升并且尤其优选0.9升至3升的填充体积。具有这样体积的塑料容器在食品领域中，例如对于食用油，以及对于保存家庭清洁剂和护理剂、洗涤剂或还有矿物油等同样是渴望的。
塑料容器的另一实施方案变型形式能够提出，容器体部构成为单层或多层的并且具有至少80％的质量份额，所述质量份额由塑料主要组分构成，所述塑料主要组分由如下组构成，所述塑组由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚乳酸、聚乙烯呋喃酸酯、聚丙烯呋喃酸酯、其共聚物和所述塑料的混合物构成。在文献中，聚丙烯呋喃酸酯通常也称作聚三亚甲基呋喃酸酯。在这种情况下，列举的塑料的玻璃化转变温度小于150℃并且大于54℃。列举的塑料在其可加工性方面具有很大的相似性。所述塑料允许大的拉伸度并且能够加工成具有高的强度值的透明的塑料容器。塑料通常如此拉伸，使得在加热到大于150℃的温度时，所述塑料收缩了超过20％。这能测量，其方式在于：准备由待焊接的轮廓构成的10mm宽的拉杆并且将该拉杆加热20秒加热到高于150℃。此外，列举的塑料也能与列举的激光焊接法可靠地结合，以便能够制造具有抓握口的集成的把手区域。
在另一实施方式中，塑料容器的容器体部能够至少部分构成为透明的。容器体部的透明的构成方案实现直接控制填充高度。
根据本发明的另一设计方案实例，限界抓握口的边缘构成为无毛刺的倒圆的隆起部。在焊接壁部之后，移除由焊缝限界的、基本上彼此靠近的壁部段，以形成抓握口。这能够借助CO2激光器实现，所述CO2激光器在一个工作步骤中能够将不需要的壁部段热分离并且在切割棱边上能够产生无毛刺的倒圆的隆起部。这让用户感觉舒适，其手穿过抓握口抓握。壁部件也能够以这样的形式分离，使得在所产生的抓握口中在其边缘上构成至少一个凸起，所述凸起设计用于在抓握口中容纳插入件。插入件例如能够构成为计量杯，借助所述计量杯能以计量方式取出容器的内含物。
在用于制造根据本发明的一个实施方案变型形式所述的塑料容器的方法中，管状构成的预成型坯以拉伸吹塑方法在吹模中轴向和径向地拉伸成塑料容器。在拉伸期间，容器体部的两个彼此相对置的壁区域借助能从吹模中移出的推杆彼此靠近，以为集成的把手区域做准备。接着，拉伸吹塑而成的塑料容器脱模并且运输至焊接站，在所述焊接站中彼此靠近的壁区域彼此焊接，以构成焊缝。然后，由焊缝包围的壁部段与容器体部分离并且被移除，以形成抓握口。
在根据本发明的方法中，容器体部的彼此相对置的壁区域能够在所使用的预成型坯拉伸期间彼此靠近。在此，在拉伸吹塑方法的初始阶段中产生的预吹件能够变形。由此能够确保，塑料材料以期望的环周拉伸。之后，预吹件根据围绕移出的推杆变小的吹模腔完成吹塑。由此能够出现非常均匀的材料分布，使得完成吹塑的塑料容器在彼此相对置的壁区域彼此靠近所在的区域中也具有相对均匀的壁厚度分布。在需要时，柱塞也仍能够在主吹塑过程中朝向彼此行进，以便还进一步改变容器体部的外轮廓。彼此靠近的、彼此相对置的壁区域在完成吹塑的塑料容器上形成把手槽，所述把手槽形成用于集成的把手区域的预备阶段。在塑料容器脱模之后，所述塑料容器运输到焊接站中。在那，吹模中彼此靠近的壁区域彼此平面地贴靠并且沿着给把手槽包边的闭合线彼此焊接。然后，由这样形成的焊缝包围的壁部段能够被分离并且移除，以形成抓握口。在一个实施方案变型形式中，彼此靠近的壁区域能够彼此环绕地焊接，而无需移除通过焊缝包边的壁部段。由此，在容器体部内部能够产生不被容器内含物填充的区。尤其如果容器内含物是彩色的，则这能够产生视觉效果。
尽管不是强制必需的，但在一个方法变型形式中能够提出，彼此靠近的壁区域在吹模中已经彼此平面地贴靠。由此，容器体部的在把手槽中形成的区域能够达到最大拉伸。彼此靠近的壁区域彼此间也已经能够具有一定的附着，这能够使紧接着的焊接过程变得容易。
在另一方法变型形式中，彼此靠近的壁区域在塑料容器脱模之后能够以激光焊接法彼此材料配合地连接。激光焊接能够在时间和/或空间上与拉伸吹塑法分开地进行。这应当表示，彼此靠近的壁区域不必在脱模之后立即在焊接站中彼此焊接。也能够提出，制成的塑料容器在其被进一步运输到焊接站之前首先被临时储存。
在另一方法变型形式中，彼此靠近的壁区域能够以清晰焊接方法彼此材料配合地连接。激光清晰焊接允许非常准确地焊接相对于所使用的激光辐射透明的塑料材料而无需添加添加剂。在传统的激光焊接中上方接合配合件被激光熔透并且热量只在位于其下方的下方接合配合件中产生，而在清晰焊接时，热量被引入到整个激光熔透的体部中。由于射入的激光准确地聚焦在焊接面上，两个接合配合件的材料熔化。在此，能够通过激发塑料中的水分子以振荡来实现热量输入。因此，用于将射入的能量转化成热量的添加剂能够被弃用，使得在塑料中能够不发生相对于所使用的激光进行吸收的添加剂的混合。由此能够简化并且加速激光焊接过程。
激光焊接的方法变型形式能够提出，彼此靠近的壁区域借助两个彼此相对置的柱塞压紧，其中两个柱塞中的至少一个相对于用于激光焊接的激光辐射是透明的。即使两个彼此靠近的壁区域在拉伸吹塑方法之后已经处于贴靠中或者已经或多或少彼此良好地附着，壁部件的彼此压紧提供了壁部件的限定的位置。因此，两个柱塞固定两个壁区域并且尤其在焊接过程期间还能够防止待焊接的区域的收缩和变形。柱塞附加地能够冷却待焊接的区域，使得在焊接过程期间或在焊接过程之后，焊缝是稳定的、即不收缩或断裂。由此，焊缝能够精确地并且从容器到容器可再现地制成。在此，能实现焊缝，所述焊缝相对于预设的焊线位于10μm的公差之内。
在另一方法变型形式中，用于压紧待彼此焊接的壁区域的柱塞包括至少一个柱塞，所述至少一个柱塞能够由相对于所使用的激光辐射透明的材料，例如玻璃、石英玻璃或有机玻璃构成。然后，激光能量通过该柱塞射入至接合配合件。在使用清晰焊接方法时，两个柱塞也能够由对于所使用的激光可穿透的材料构成。
在另一方法变型形式中，所述方法变型形式能够替选地或附加地用于压紧待彼此焊接的壁区域，彼此靠近的壁区域能够通过在容器体部中产生的负压保持彼此平面的贴靠。负压能够经由容器开口产生，其方式在于：抽吸头放置在所述容器开口上。
彼此靠近的壁区域的焊接能够在传统的激光焊接法中以及在彼此相对置的侧面的清晰焊接中进行。在使用柱塞来在焊接站中压紧壁区域时，两个柱塞相对于引入的激光辐射是透明的并且能够由玻璃、石英玻璃或有机玻璃构成。
另一方法变型形式能够提出，给抓握口在其整个环周上包边的焊缝被去毛刺和/或倒圆。
去毛刺或倒圆能够是必需的，以便提高塑料容器的用户的握持舒适性。
去毛刺和/或倒圆能够与由焊缝包围的壁部段的移除同时地或紧随其后地进行。例如，为此能够使用CO2激光器，所述CO2激光器分离壁部段并且与其同时地在限界抓握口的边缘上构成无毛刺的倒圆的焊接隆起部。
附图说明
其他优点和特征参照未按正确比例的示意图从本发明的实施例的下面描述中得出。
图1示出具有所使用的预成型坯的吹模腔；
图2示出根据图1中的剖线II-II的吹模腔的横截面；
图3示出具有由预成型坯拉伸吹塑而成的预吹件的吹模腔的横截面；
图4示出吹模腔和具有变形的侧壁的预吹件的横截面；
图5示出吹模腔和完全吹塑的塑料容器的横截面；
图6示出在焊接站中的塑料容器的横截面；
图7示出在激光焊接期间塑料容器的横截面；
图8示出具有切除的壁部件的塑料容器的横截面；
图9示出穿过限界抓握口的边缘的放大示出的横截面；和
图10示出根据本发明的方法拉伸吹塑而成的塑料容器的立体图。
在示意图中，相同的构件或元件分别设置有相同的附图标记。
具体实施方式
图1示出吹模1的吹模腔2中所使用的预成型坯20的轴向剖面。剖面沿着吹模1的两个吹模半部的分离平面伸展。具有带有开口的预成型坯颈部21和由预成型坯底部23封闭的预成型坯体部22的、管状的预成型坯20由热塑性塑料构成。例如，至少预成型坯体部22构成为单层或多层的并且具有至少80％的质量份额，所述质量份额由塑料主要组分构成，所述塑料主要组分由如下组构成，所述组由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚乳酸、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚乙烯呋喃酸酯、聚丙烯呋喃酸酯、其共聚物和所述塑料的混合物构成。预成型坯20通常以注塑法制成。但所述预成型坯也能够以挤压法或挤出吹塑法制成。吹模1是拉伸吹塑设备的组成部分，在所述拉伸吹塑设备中预成型坯20根据模腔2吹塑成塑料容器。预成型坯颈部21处于模腔2外部并且在拉伸吹塑法中通常不再改变。
预成型坯20支撑在吹模腔2的嘴口5上并且朝吹模腔2的底部6轴向延伸。吹模腔2由吹模壁3和吹模底部6限界。在吹模壁3的边缘附近的部段中，壁部段4伸入到吹模腔2的内部中。吹模腔2的内轮廓基本上预设了以拉伸吹塑方法待制造的塑料容器的稍后的构型。在此，预成型坯体部22通过借助移入穿过预成型坯21中的开口的拉伸吹塑芯棒进行的吹塑和轴向拉伸而变形成塑料容器的容器体部。预成型坯颈部21在拉伸吹塑法中实际上保持不变并且形成塑料容器的容器颈部。
图2中的横截面示图示出例如在开始吹塑和拉伸过程之前在吹模1的吹模腔2内部旋转对称构成的预成型坯20。吹模腔2例如具有两个相对置的壁部段4，所述壁部段相对于吹模壁3突出。两个壁部段4分别具有中央区域，所述中央区域构成为可移动的推杆7。通过推杆7移入到吹模腔2中能改变其内轮廓。伸出的壁部段4从吹模腔2的轴向中间区域中拉伸出并且空出中央的、基本上圆柱形的部段用于拉伸吹塑芯棒。
图3示出由预成型坯20、尤其预成型坯体部21在所谓的预吹过程中产生的预吹件B。预吹件B很大程度上遵循具有处于初始位置中的推杆7的吹模腔2的内轮廓。
图4示出在预吹过程结束时吹模1的吹模腔2。在彼此相对置的壁区域4的中央区域中的推杆7以期望的程度移入到吹模腔2的内部中。在此，预吹件B变形并且塑料材料被拉伸。预吹件B的侧壁的变形设置在如下区域上，集成的把手区域应构成在所述区域上。
图5示出吹模腔2的和完成拉伸吹塑的塑料容器在其脱模之前的横截面。图尤其示出具有彼此靠近的壁区域13、14的容器体部12的横截面。壁区域13、14对应于在预吹件的侧壁中的变形(图4)并且设置在容器体部12的边缘附近的区域中并且形成把手槽。形成把手槽的壁区域13、14遵循相对于吹模壁3突出的部段4的轮廓和移入到吹模腔2中的推杆7的轮廓。推杆7的进给运动例如能够如此限定，使得彼此靠近的壁区域13、14彼此间仍具有距离。在替选的方法方案中，移入到吹模1的模腔2中的推杆7也朝向彼此进给，使得壁区域13、14在推杆7之间被夹紧并且到达到彼此贴靠。在此，壁部件13、14必要时能够在预吹件仍热的状态下彼此至少部分地粘接在接触部位上。
图6示出从吹模中脱模的拉伸吹塑而成的塑料容器的容器体部12的示意横截面图。在焊接站中，以拉伸吹塑方法彼此靠近的壁区域13、14借助两个彼此相对置的、能朝向彼此进给的柱塞31、32压紧。在此，图6示出在压紧的壁区域13、14彼此平面地贴靠前不久的状态。替选地或附加地，通过在容器体部12内部产生负压也能够实现彼此靠近的壁区域13、14在焊接站中平面地彼此靠近放置。例如，为此在容器颈部上的开口上能够放置抽吸头。即使在如下塑料容器的情况下，在焊接站中借助柱塞31、32实现壁区域压紧，所述塑料容器的壁区域13、14在拉伸吹塑方法期间已经彼此平面地贴靠。由此确保平面的贴靠并且在任何情况下壁区域能够关于彼此引入到限定的并且可再现的位置中。
图7示出具有经由柱塞31、32压紧的壁区域13、14的容器体部12。壁区域13、14借助柱塞31、32进行的相互挤压引起，待焊接的壁区域13、14在焊接期间保持稳定并且不扭曲或变形。此外，柱塞31、32冷却并且促进待焊接的壁区域13、14不扭曲的过程。壁区域13、14如此拉伸，使得在加热20秒加热到超过150℃时，所述壁区域收缩了超过20％。然后，平面地彼此靠近放置的壁部件13、14沿着其贴靠面的边缘彼此焊接。在此产生封闭的焊缝16，所述焊缝包围由两个壁区域13、14形成的壁部段15。在另一加工步骤中，然后，分离并且移除被焊缝16包围的壁部段15，以便产生抓握口17。
彼此靠近放置的壁区域13、14的焊接能够通过传统的激光熔透型焊接实现。在此产生的焊缝16能够具有3mm至5mm的宽度。在方法变型形式中，压紧的壁区域13、14能够通过清晰焊接方法彼此形状配合地连接。在该激光焊接的变型形式中，引入的热量精确地聚焦在焊接平面上并且待彼此接合的配合件能够在焊接平面中有针对性地熔化。在此，能够通过激发塑料中的水分子以振荡来实现热量输入。在该焊接方法中用于将射入的能量转化成热量的添加剂能够被弃用。
两个柱塞32、32中的至少一个相对于用于激光焊接的激光辐射L是透明的，因此，激光辐射L能通过该柱塞聚焦在焊接平面上，其中借助所述柱塞压紧壁区域13、14。在替选的方法方案中，激光焊接也能够从压紧的壁区域13、14的两侧进行。应理解的是，在这种情况下，两个柱塞31、32由相对于引入的激光辐射透明的材料构成。例如，至少一个或两个柱塞31、32由玻璃、石英玻璃或有机玻璃构成。
在图8中示意性示出被焊缝16包围的壁部段15的分离和移除。通过分离和移除壁部段15产生抓握口17。给抓握口17在其整个环周上包边的焊缝16也还能够被去毛刺和/或倒圆。去毛刺和/或倒圆能够与被焊缝16包围的壁部段15的移除同时地或紧随其后地进行。例如，为此能够使用与把手区域的半径相匹配的红外辐射器。
图9示出穿过对抓握口17限界的边缘的放大示出的横截面。在该实施例中，壁部段15借助CO2激光器热分离。壁部段15的分离以与焊缝16隔开的方式实现，以便通过热分离将焊缝16的热负荷保持尽可能地小。在边缘上无毛刺的隆起部24的形成与分离同时进行。在形成隆起部24时，一部分材料被挤出超过相应的壁区域13、14中的每个壁区域并且形成子区域25。每个子区域25在其边缘上构成具有大约0.25mm的半径R。通过无毛刺的隆起部24并结合子区域25的倒圆部，在操作时给用户的穿过抓握口17抓握的手赋予舒适感，所述隆起部比两个壁区域13、14的材料厚度更宽。
最后，图10示出根据本发明的方法拉伸吹塑而成的、具有集成的把手区域18的塑料容器10的立体图。塑料容器10具有带有容器开口的容器颈部11，所述容器颈部基本上对应于预成型坯的预成型坯颈部，塑料容器10由所述预成型坯拉伸吹塑而成。由容器底部19封闭的、具有集成的把手区域18的容器体部12连接到容器颈部11上。把手区域18包围抓握口17，所述抓握口在其整个环周上被焊缝16包围并且通过移除壁部段15(图7和图8)而产生。
塑料容器10的把手区域18构成为中空的并且与被容器体部12包围的剩余的填充体积处于连接。由此，填充的物质也能够扩展到把手区域18中。因此，中空的把手区域18有助于填充体积。在此，其具有受把手区域的内壁限界的大约5mm2至大约400mm2的面积的尺寸赋予所述把手区域足够的强度。把手区域在其最窄部位上包括大约60mm2的面积。留空的抓握口17使抓握和握持塑料容器10变得容易。由此，塑料容器也能够具有2升至10升的较大的容积并且能够更好地抓握以及安全地握持和操作。塑料容器10优选构成为透明的，这实现直接控制填充高度。塑料容器10以很大程度上传统的拉伸吹塑方法由管状的预成型坯制造，所述预成型坯先前通常以注塑法制成。以注塑法的制造导致所使用的塑料材料的大的拉伸并且允许制造具有例如在镦锻强度和抗坠落性方面非常良好的机械强度值的塑料容器10。

Claims (18)

1.一种拉伸吹塑而成的塑料容器，所述塑料容器具有包围填充体积的容器体部(12)和连接到所述容器体部(12)的相对置的端部上的容器颈部(11)以及具有集成地构成的把手区域(18)，所述容器体部具有容器底部(19)，所述容器颈部具有容器开口，
其特征在于，
所述把手区域(18)构成为中空的并且与被所述容器体部(12)包围的填充体积处于连接，并且在所述把手区域(18)和所述容器体部(12)之间空出抓握口(17)，所述抓握口(17)在其整个环周上被所述容器体部的和所述把手区域(18)的彼此焊接的壁部件(13，14)包边。
2.根据权利要求1所述的塑料容器，
其特征在于，
彼此焊接的所述壁部件(13，14)形成焊缝(16)，所述焊缝具有100μm至5mm的宽度。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的塑料容器，
其特征在于，
彼此焊接的所述壁部件(13，14)以激光焊接法彼此材料配合地连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的塑料容器，
其特征在于，
所述激光焊接法是清晰焊接方法。
5.根据上述权利要求任一项所述的塑料容器，
其特征在于，
所述容器体部(12)具有0.5升至20升，优选0.7升至10升并且尤其优选0.9升至3升的填充体积。
6.根据上述权利要求任一项所述的塑料容器，
其特征在于，
所述容器体部(12)构成为单层或多层的并且具有至少80％的质量份额，所述质量份额由塑料主要组分构成，所述塑料主要组分由如下组构成，所述组由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚乳酸、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚乙烯呋喃酸酯、聚丙烯呋喃酸酯、其共聚物和所述塑料的混合物构成。
7.根据上述权利要求任一项所述的塑料容器，
其特征在于，
所述容器体部(12)至少部分构成为透明的。
8.根据上述权利要求任一项所述的塑料容器，
其特征在于，
限界所述抓握口的边缘构成为无毛刺的倒圆的隆起部。
9.一种用于制造根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的塑料容器的方法，
其特征在于，
管状构成的预成型坯(20)以拉伸吹塑方法在吹模(1)中轴向和径向地拉伸成塑料容器(20)，其中在拉伸期间所述容器体部(12)的两个彼此相对置的壁区域(13，14)借助能从所述吹模(1)中伸出的推杆(7)彼此靠近，以为集成的把手区域(18)做准备，接着，拉伸吹塑而成的所述塑料容器(10)脱模并且运输至焊接站，在所述焊接站中彼此靠近的所述壁区域(13，14)彼此焊接，以构成焊缝(16)，并且由所述焊缝(16)包围的壁部段(15)与所述容器体部(12)分离并且移除，以形成抓握口(17)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，
其特征在于，
彼此靠近的所述壁区域(13，14)在所述吹模(1)中彼此平面地贴靠。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的方法，
其特征在于，
彼此靠近的所述壁区域(13，14)以激光焊接法彼此材料配合地连接。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，
其特征在于，
彼此靠近的所述壁区域(13，14)以清晰焊接方法彼此材料配合地连接。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，
其特征在于，
在所述焊接站中借助两个相对置的柱塞(31，32)压紧彼此靠近的所述壁区域(13，14)，其中两个柱塞中的至少一个相对于用于激光焊接的激光辐射(L)是透明的。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，
其特征在于，
至少相对于所使用的激光辐射(L)透明的柱塞由玻璃、石英玻璃或有机玻璃构成。
15.根据权利要求12至14中任一项所述的方法，
其特征在于，
彼此靠近的所述壁区域(13，14)通过在所述容器体部(12)中产生的负压保持彼此平面地贴靠。
16.根据权利要求11至15中任一项所述的方法，
其特征在于，
彼此靠近的壁部件(13，14)从彼此相对置的侧面通过激光焊接彼此材料配合地连接。
17.根据权利要求9至16中任一项所述的方法，
其特征在于，
对所述抓握口(17)在其整个环周上包边的所述焊缝(16)被去毛刺和/或倒圆。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法，
其特征在于，
所述焊缝(16)的去毛刺和/或倒圆与由所述焊缝(16)包围的壁部段(15)的移除同时地或紧随其后地进行。
CN201780035000.7A 2016-06-06 2017-05-15 具有集成构成的把手区域的拉伸吹塑而成的塑料容器和用于塑料容器的制造方法 Pending CN109311216A (zh)

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