CN1093102A - 压力汽化微细燃料的装置 - Google Patents

压力汽化微细燃料的装置 Download PDF

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CN1093102A
CN1093102A CN94102285A CN94102285A CN1093102A CN 1093102 A CN1093102 A CN 1093102A CN 94102285 A CN94102285 A CN 94102285A CN 94102285 A CN94102285 A CN 94102285A CN 1093102 A CN1093102 A CN 1093102A
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雷纳·达费尔德
约翰尼斯·科沃尔
埃伯哈德·库斯克
汉斯·尼尔曼
格哈特·威尔默
乔基姆·沃尔夫
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种使微细燃料进行压力汽化的 装置;它包括安置在压力容器中的一个汽化反应器, 一个骤冷管和一个带釜壳体的对流釜,一个转向装 置,一个粗煤气排出装置。汽化反应器是在压力容器 的下边部分中定点安置的。骤冷管和釜壳体安置在 位于其下边区域和在粗煤气排出装置上方的负荷分 担元件上,一个环绕的并使骤冷管和汽化反应器分开 的冷却气体输入隙缝。该冷却气体输入隙缝的尺寸 根据其附加作为热膨胀补偿隙缝来确定。

Description

本发明涉及一种压力汽化微细燃料的汽化装置,其置于生产可用气体的系统中,包括一个汽化反应器,一个冷却从汽化反应器流出的粗煤气的骤冷管和一个带对流加热表面的对流釜,该釜用于吸收粗煤气的余热,上述微细燃料指的是细颗粒直到粉末状的燃料,特别是煤料。而能量是通过燃烧器输入到汽化反应器的,这些燃烧器大多还导送微细燃料。按照热力学观点,该气化反应器是如此控制或调节的,即,必须生产规定成分的可用气体。在骤冷管中,反应可以说是通过骤冷而停止的。为此,应输入一种骤冷气体。这种气体还称为雾气。就此而言,在本发明范围内仍按照现有原理工作。本发明致力的是用于微细燃料压力汽化的设备,其置于生产可用气体的体系中。
在开头已述结构的汽化装置中,用于冷却高温液体例如冷却沸水的汽化反应器、骤冷管和对流釜以及其他构件的壁部是焊接的平行管形成的管壁或装备这种管壁。这一点也适用于本发明汽化装置。显然,通过管壁吸收的热量可供利用。
在公知的汽化装置中(本发明的技术背景-EPO115094A2),带骤冷管的汽化装置形成一个第一塔形结构,其连接并置于第一压力容器中,同时,在一个明显形成的骤冷区后边,该骤冷管还可以设置成辐射釜状并装备有相应的辐射表面。对流釜构成一个第二塔形结构,其连接和置于第二压力容器中。该压力容器可以是冷却状态。这两个构件是通过一个冷却连接通道在头部侧相连的,通过该连接通道,粗煤气从骤冷管或辐射釜转入对流釜。同时,该连接通道是作为热膨胀补偿器设置的或者装置成这样一种构件。为了将骤冷气体以及热载体输送到骤冷管和排出骤冷管、对辐射釜和对流釜的管壁所采取的这种措施是昂贵的。根据热力学作用原理,要设置两个塔形构件,这样,该装置才可以在两个构件中以不同的温度范围工作,才会发生不同的热膨胀。因此,为了在一定功率下制造可用气体就需要一个具有相应尺寸、体积庞大的构件。这种结构体积/功率的比率必需改进。
本发明任务在于,提供一种高效率的汽化装置,其在生产可用气体的体系中用于微细燃料的压力汽化,同时,相对于现有的结构体积/功率之比例有明显改进,而且,可消除从热力学原理考虑不得不容忍的缺陷。
为解决这一任务,本发明设置了一个在生产可用气体的体系中用于微细燃料压力汽化装置,它包括一个汽化反应器,一个用于冷却从汽化反应器流出的粗煤气的骤冷管和一个带对流加热表面的对流釜,该釜用于吸收粗煤气的余热,同时,通过下面的特征进行组合:
a、汽化反应器,骤冷管和带釜壳体的对流釜安置在一个压力容器中,其中,对流釜对中地包围骤冷管,汽化反应器同轴地安置在骤冷管的下方;
b、在骤冷管上方并在釜壳体中安置或构成一个转向装置用于使粗煤气从骤冷管流出并导入对流釜;
c、在汽化反应器和对流釜之间的一个区域中,安置一个粗煤气排出装置,借助它,粗煤气可从釜壳体和压力容器中排出;
d、该汽化反应器是定点地安置在压力容器的下边部分中;
e、对流加热表面由骤冷管和釜壳体所支承;
f、骤冷管和釜壳体安置在位于其下边区域和粗煤气排出装置上方的负荷分担元件上,该负荷分担元件具有粗煤气通道并定点地被安置在压力容器上;
g、在汽化反应器和骤冷管之间设有一道环绕的使骤冷管和汽化反应器分离的冷却气体输入隙缝。
同时,在一端为位于负荷分担元件下方的骤冷管部分和另一端为位于定点支承结构上方的汽化反应器之间,就可容许不同的热膨胀,为此,冷却气体输入隙缝的尺寸可按照附加作为热膨胀补偿隙缝来确定。以此方式,本发明汽化装置构成一个一体的结构。可以理解,压力容器是为了压力而设置的,借助它进行压力汽化。通过负荷分担元件,可承担来自骤冷管、釜壳体和对流加热表面的全部载荷。
将在制造可用气体的体系中汽化微细燃料的装置,设置成一体的装置结构,这在DE-PS2342079(1973)中已经公知。该装置中,在汽化反应器的粗煤气排出口处连接一个结构高度较低的骤冷装置和一个辐射釜。粗煤气向上流动,并经过一个给水预热加热表面,然后从压力容器的头部流出。这种汽化装置不能满足现代技术中的功率要求,热膨胀问题也未解决。
本发明基于上述认识,即在开头所描述的汽化装置结构情况下,在对流釜中设置骤冷管,这种带汽化反应器的组件可以集合在压力容器中成为一个一体的结构,这就可克服从热力学原理考虑不得不容忍的缺点。相反,还能使热经济性能得到改善。在一般空心筒的对流釜中,可以安置大表面的对流加热面,还可以叠置成多个所谓的束管结构,此时,该束管结构可独立地被骤冷管和釜壳体支承。尽管因为骤冷管里侧和外侧受热粗煤气的影响而使骤冷管上出现较大的热膨胀,但是在本发明的一体结构中,不会导致静力学的或由于固定而引起的挤压,因为此时,与已描述的措施相结合,设置成权利要求1的特征方案,尤其如前所述安置上述两个定点安置结构,骤冷隙缝就可同时用作热膨胀补偿并由此而确定尺寸。
具体地说,在本发明范围内存在多种其他装置和结构的可能方案。例如,压力容器可以同时作为汽化反应器和骤冷管及釜壳体中的对流釜的静止和固定支承结构。但是这种结构可以如此设置,即,压力容器只区域性地分担承受的应力而本身安置在一个支架上,在此支架上,进一步传递这些应力。本发明将骤冷管置于对流釜中的结构应安排成使得在对流釜中不出现可能影响对流釜热力特性的一股股粉灰和温度分布。为此本发明提出,将转向装置设置成盖形的回弹式转向装置。同时,产生一个相对转向轴很对称的180°转向。显然,粗煤气排出装置具有一个排放残渣颗粒和/或灰粉颗粒的装置。
在本发明汽化装置情况下,人们一般如此进行结构安排,即,汽化反应器在其下部区域定点安置在压力容器的托架上。通常,人们将对流加热表面一端固定在支承臂上。最好是,将对流加热表面悬挂在支承臂上。该支承臂本身是没有夹紧地连接于釜壳体上和骤冷管上。因此釜壳体和骤冷管的不同热膨胀就不会导致在支承臂中产生弯曲应力和挤压。所以,可以按照不同的热膨胀方便地调整支承臂的倾斜位置。而连接管道也可相应地发生弹性变形。
在本发明范围内,上述负荷分担元件可以按不同的方式设置。它们始终承担来自骤冷管、釜壳体的对流表面的全部负荷。按照本发明优选的实施结构,该负荷分担元件是设置成具有内环、外环和轮辐的刚性金属结构件,同时,轮辐中间腔构成粗煤气通道。内环、外环和轮辐可以制成一体的结构件。为了避免或减小在这一区域由于不同的热膨胀造成挤压,本发明提出,该负荷分担元件通过热的支承件连接在压力容器中的负荷承受元件上,或通过一个釜壳体中的热边框连接在压力容器的负荷承受元件上。
在本发明汽化装置情况下,可以按非常简单的方式使骤冷管壁对高温液体进行冷却,也就是说,例如将负荷分担元件同时设置成沸水输送装置以便使骤冷管的管道壁对沸水进行冷却。
在本发明汽化装置情况下,已描述的定点安置结构是实质性的。此外,由于负荷分担元件定点安置在压力容器上,所以在热膨胀很大的情况下也没问题,因为此时除置于负荷分担元件上和其中的管道部分外,所有在骤冷管和釜壳体之间的管道连接结构都安排成可形成能伸缩的热膨胀变形的结构。特别在冷却沸水时,骤冷管中的沸水排放可通过连接在骤冷管上方的可热膨胀变形的排放管实现。
本发明的汽化装置可以非常简单且性能可靠地将冷却气体引导至冷却气体输送通道。对此本发明提出,使汽化反应器与对着的压力容器壁构成一个环形腔,通过它将冷却气体输送到冷却气体输入隙缝中,同时,该环形腔还与一个压力平衡腔相通,该平衡腔安置在釜壳体和压力容器之间。以此方式,可使釜壳体卸压。按照优选的实施结构,该冷却气体输入隙缝是在汽化反应器的锥形收缩出口构件和一个附加的骤冷管挡板之间构成的,在这种情况下,该出口构件在汽化反应器内腔侧没有内衬。也就是说,不采用耐火内衬,所描述的结构件实际上为抛光的金属裸材,其与水平线的锥角最好约为60°。该汽化反应器的出口构件按照要求装备有一个清洁环,例如借助振动装置使上述清洁环周期运动,以便达到清除相应粘附的灰粉颗粒的目的。
所具有的优点可总结为:本发明提供了一个高效率的汽化装置,与本说明书开头部分所述的公知结构(其具有两个独立的、通过一个连接通道相连接的结构件)相比,它明显改进了结构体积/功率比,同时,克服了从热力学原理考虑不得不容忍的缺点。
下面,借助附图中仅仅描绘的一个实施例详细阐述本发明。它以示意图方式表示:
图1是本发明汽化装置的一个视图;
图2是图1技术方案中A部分的放大图;
图3是图1中B部分的视图,其放大比例与图2相同;
图4是图1中C部分的视图,其放大比例与图2相同;
图5是图3中D部分且比图1-4再放大的视图;
图6是图5中沿E-E方向的截面图和
图7是图1中F部分且比图1-4再放大的视图;
在附图中描述的汽化装置是为了在制作可用气体的过程中将微细燃料进行高压汽化而确定和设置的。在图1中,没有描绘的中间部分,其长度大约与下边部分的长度一致。
该汽化装置的基本结构包括一个汽化反应器1,一个冷却从汽化反应器1流出的粗煤气的骤冷管2,一个具有对流加热表面4的对流釜3用于吸收粗煤气的余热。可以理解,该对流加热表面4按要求可安置成同心圆筒的结构。如开头已提及的,所描述的装置是由管壁结构组成的,这些管壁本身由平行布置的彼此焊接的管件构成。
从图1可以获知,汽化反应器1,骤冷管2和带有釜壳体5的对流釜3是安置在一个压力容器6中的。该对流釜3同心地包围着骤冷管2。汽化反应器1共轴地安置在骤冷管2的下方。釜外壳5按照要求也由管壁构成。在图1和2的上边部分可以看出,在骤冷管2和釜壳体5上悬挂着一束对流加热表面4。可以按同样方式,在汽化装置的高度上分散安置另外的对流加热表面束。
在釜壳体5中并在骤冷管2的上方安置或设置一个转向装置7,用于将从骤冷管2中流出的粗煤气导入对流釜3中。对此,可特别参考图2。人们在图3中可特别看出,在汽化反应器1和对流釜3之间的区域中安置一个粗煤气流出装置8,借助它,使粗煤气从釜壳体5和压力容器6中排出。这样,借助图3中表示的导向叶片8a可使从对流釜流出的粗煤气转向。这种配置正好可使流出的粗煤气将残渣颗粒和灰粒一起卷走,以致于在这一区域不会发生有干扰作用的沉积。粗煤气以及其中残渣颗粒也被冷却到不再被粘附的程度。人们从图4中看出,在压力容器6下部分中的汽化反应器1是定点安装的,固定点9就说明这一点。
对流加热表面4由骤冷管2和釜壳体5支承。骤冷管2和釜壳体5安置在位于其下边区域和在粗煤气排出装置8上方的负荷分担元件10上。该元件具有粗煤气通道11并被定点安置在压力容器6上。就此而言,尤其可参见图3、5和6中的固定点12。
人们从图4中特别看出,在汽化反应器1和骤冷管2之间设有一个环绕的冷却气体输入隙缝13。这个隙缝13将骤冷管2和汽化反应器1分开。采用这种结构就可允许在一端为位于负荷分担元件10下方的骤冷管部分和另一端为固定支承点9上方的汽化反应器1之间有不同的、且取决于压力容器的热膨胀,因此,该冷却气体输入隙缝13的尺寸可根据附加作为热膨胀补偿隙缝来确定。
在该实施例和按照本发明优选的实施方案中,该压力容器6同时用作汽化反应器1、骤冷管2和带釜壳体5的对流釜3的支承机构,因而是固定和相应符合稳固要求的。已经提过的转向装置7,在本实施例情况下设置成一个盖罩形的回弹式转向装置。粗煤气排出装置8具有一个用于分送残渣颗粒和/或灰颗粒的装置14,这一点在后边还将详细描述。
从图4中还可获知,汽化反应器1在其下部区域是定点安置在压力容器6的托架15上的。
对流加热表面4的一端固定在支承横架16上。该横架16没有夹紧地与釜壳体5和骤冷管2相连,以避免由于釜壳体及骤冷管的膨胀不同而造成挤压。在最简单的情况下,横架16是如横梁一样静止地、无挤压地安置在两个支承件上。
从图5、6中可以看出负荷分担元件10的详细结构。这些元件为刚性的金属构件,它包括内环17,外环18和轮辐19,轮辐中间腔形成粗煤气通道11。所描述的构件17,18,19是整体结构,例如是锻造件。而负荷分担元件10是通过热的支承件或一个热的位于釜壳体5上的边框20而连接在压力容器6中的负荷承受元件上。在图5中表明,该负荷分担元件10同时设置成沸水输送装置,以便为由骤冷管构成的骤冷管2的管壁的管道冷却沸水提供沸水。对此可参见管道或通道21。将沸水排出是通过可产生膨胀变形的排出管22实现的,排出管22连接在骤冷管2及其管道的上部。除了位于负荷分担元件10上和其中的管道部分外,所有在骤冷管2和釜壳体5之间的管道连接结构都安置成能形成可伸缩地热膨胀变形的结构。
汽化反应器1与对着的压力容器6的腔壁构成一个环形腔23。要输入的冷却气体通过这个环形腔23被输送到冷却气体输入隙缝13中。此外,该环形腔23与一个压力平衡腔24相通,该平衡腔24在釜壳体5和压力容器6之间是可改变的。
本实施例中冷却气体输入隙缝13的结构是特别有利的。这个隙缝是在汽化反应器1的锥形收缩出口构件25和骤冷管2上附加的挡板26之间。该出口构件25在汽化反应器内腔侧是金属抛光结构并不加耐火衬,其锥角约为60°。所有从出口构件25顺流向下安置的表面同样不加耐火衬。在图7中表明,该汽化反应器1的出口构件25装备一个清洁环27,它可以周期地例如借助振动装置而运动。
为了确保冷却气体通过隙缝13有一个单一的流动方向,位于汽化反应器1圆周壁和压力容器6之间的环形腔通过一块薄膜28而封闭。而在薄膜下方区域的压力平衡是通过汽化反应器1底部的残渣排放口实现的。

Claims (15)

1、在生产可用气体的过程中将微细燃料进行压力汽化的装置,包括一个汽化反应器,一个冷却从汽化反应器流出的粗煤气的骤冷管和一个带有对流加热表面的对流釜,上述对流加热表面用于吸收粗煤气的余热,同时,对下面的技术特征进行组合:
a)上述汽化反应器,骤冷管和带釜壳体的对流釜是安置在一个压力容器中的,其中,对流釜同心地包围着骤冷管,汽化反应器同轴地置于骤冷管的下方;
b)在骤冷管的上方并在釜壳体中安置或构成一个转向装置,用于使粗煤气从骤冷管流出并导入对流釜;
c)在位于汽化反应器和对流釜之间的一个区域中,安置一个粗煤气排出装置,借助它,粗煤气可从釜壳体和压力容器中排出;
d)汽化反应器是定点地安置在压力容器的下边部分中;
e)对流加热表面由骤冷管和釜壳体支承;
f)骤冷却管和釜壳体安置在负荷分担元件上,该元件位于骤冷管和釜壳体的下边区域和粗煤气排出装置的上方,它具有粗煤气通道,并定点地被安置在压力容器上;
g)在汽化反应器和骤冷管之间安置一道环绕的、将骤冷管和汽化反应器分开的冷却气体输入隙缝;
其中,在一端为位于负荷分担元件下方的骤冷管部分和另一端为位于定点支承结构上方的汽化反应器之间就可容许发生不同的热膨胀,为此,上述冷却气体输入隙缝的尺寸可根据附加作为热膨胀补偿隙缝来确定。
2、按权利要求1所述的汽化装置,其中,压力容器同时设置成用于汽化反应器,骤冷管和带釜壳体的对流釜的支承机构,并要符合静止和稳固要求。
3、按权利要求1或2所述的汽化装置,其中,转向装置是设置成盖罩形的回弹式转向结构。
4、按权利要求1至3之一所述的汽化装置,其中,粗煤气排出装置具有一个排放残渣颗粒和/或灰粉颗粒的装置。
5、按权利要求1至4之一所述的汽化装置,其中,汽化反应器在其下部区域是定点地安置在压力容器的托架上。
6、按权利要求1至5之一所述的汽化装置,其中,该对流加热表面是一端固定例如悬挂在支承横架上的。
7、按权利要求6所述的汽化装置,其中,横架是没有夹紧地连接在釜壳体和骤冷管上的。
8、按权利要求1至7之一所述的汽化装置,其中,该负荷分担元件设置成具有内环,外环和轮辐的刚性金属构件,轮辐中间腔构成粗煤气通道。
9、按权利要求1至8之一所述的汽化装置,其中,负荷分担元件通过热支承件或一个在釜壳体上的热边框连接在压力容器的负荷承受元件上。
10、按权利要求1至9之一所述的汽化装置,其中,该负荷分担元件同时设置成沸水输送装置,以便为由骤冷管构成的管道冷却沸水提供沸水。
11、按权利要求1至10之一所述的汽化装置,其中,除了位于负荷分担元件上和其中的管道部分外,所有在骤冷管和釜壳体之间的连接结构都是可形成能伸缩的热膨胀变形的结构。
12、按权利要求1至11之一所述的汽化装置,其中,汽化反应器与对着的压力容器的腔壁构成一个环形腔,通过它将冷却气体输送到冷却气体输入隙缝中;同时,该环腔还与一个压力平衡腔相通,该平衡腔安置在釜壳体和压力容器之间。
13、按权利要求1至12之一所述的汽化装置,其中,冷却气体输入隙缝是在汽化反应器的一个锥形收缩的出口构件和骤冷管上的一个附加挡板之间构成的;该出口构件在汽化反应内腔侧不加衬。
14、按权利要求13所述的汽化装置,其中,汽化反应器的出口构件设置有一个清洁环;这个清洁环例如借助振动装置可周期运动,以便达到清洁目的。
15、按权利要求1至14之一所述的汽化装置,其中,该对流加热表面被组装成几束的结构,它们相叠安置并独立地被骤冷管以及釜壳体所支承。
CN94102285A 1993-03-16 1994-03-10 对微细燃料压力气化产生的可用气体进行冷却的装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1041109C (zh)

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US5445658A (en) 1995-08-29
EP0616023B1 (de) 1996-01-17
DK0616023T3 (da) 1996-04-09
GR3019207T3 (en) 1996-06-30
PL173393B1 (pl) 1998-02-27
RU2122566C1 (ru) 1998-11-27
ZA939558B (en) 1994-08-11
ES2083787T3 (es) 1996-04-16

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