CN109310099A - 用于腌制的肉制品中的香料稳定化的盐产品 - Google Patents
用于腌制的肉制品中的香料稳定化的盐产品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109310099A CN109310099A CN201780037002.XA CN201780037002A CN109310099A CN 109310099 A CN109310099 A CN 109310099A CN 201780037002 A CN201780037002 A CN 201780037002A CN 109310099 A CN109310099 A CN 109310099A
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- Prior art keywords
- nitrite
- product
- cardia salt
- salt product
- phosphate
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Classifications
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- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/40—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof containing additives
- A23L13/42—Additives other than enzymes or microorganisms in meat products or meat meals
- A23L13/428—Addition of flavours, spices, colours, amino acids or their salts, peptides, vitamins, yeast extract or autolysate, nucleic acid or derivatives, organic acidifying agents or their salts or acidogens, sweeteners, e.g. sugars or sugar alcohols; Addition of alcohol-containing products
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
- A23B4/02—Preserving by means of inorganic salts
- A23B4/023—Preserving by means of inorganic salts by kitchen salt or mixtures thereof with inorganic or organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/70—Tenderised or flavoured meat pieces; Macerating or marinating solutions specially adapted therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/40—Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/40—Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes
- A23L27/45—Salt substitutes completely devoid of sodium chloride
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/88—Taste or flavour enhancing agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/70—Tenderised or flavoured meat pieces; Macerating or marinating solutions specially adapted therefor
- A23L13/72—Tenderised or flavoured meat pieces; Macerating or marinating solutions specially adapted therefor using additives, e.g. by injection of solutions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
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Abstract
提供用于腌制肉类的低钠盐产品。用于腌制肉类的低钠盐产品包含氯化钠;氯化钠替代材料,其选自氯化钾、氯化镁、氯化钙、氯化铵、硫酸镁及其组合;至少一种食用香料;至少一种亚硝酸盐;和磷酸盐香味稳定剂,其以抑制所述至少一种食用香料与所述至少一种亚硝酸盐反应的量存在。
Description
发明领域
本公开涉及香料的稳定化。更具体地,本公开涉及用于腌制的肉制品中的香料稳定化的低钠盐产品。
发明背景
肉和肉制品的保存已经以多种方式实施多年,例如用添加剂如盐、固色成分和调味品处理肉制品,以赋予肉制品期望的适口性特征。
肉腌制剂或添加剂包括氯化钠、硝酸钠和硝酸钾、亚硝酸钠和亚硝酸钾、糖、调味品等。根据肉制品的具体类型的不同,这样的腌制的肉类的盐含量通常为约1至约12%重量。盐用于肌纤维蛋白的风味、保存和提取。亚硝酸盐通过抑制微生物的生长和脂肪氧化来促进显色、风味和保存。
目前可获得的大部分腌制的肉制品出现的问题在于这些制品中使用的相对高水平的盐使得它们中的许多不适合限于低盐或低钠饮食的消费者。因此,需要减少人钠摄入。降低钠摄入量的一种方式在于使用颗粒状盐产品,其用氯化钠替代材料例如氯化钾和香料代替一部分氯化钠。例如,在Akzo Nobel Chemicals的US 2012/0045550中描述了这类低钠盐产品,并且已经由Akzo Nobel Chemicals以商标商品化。所述产品将钠盐、钾盐和香料均匀地混合在单粒中。
其他添加剂,例如亚硝酸盐,也可以包含在单粒低钠盐产品中。然而,包含亚硝酸盐引起稳定性问题以及由于组分相互作用而产生的新风味,所述稳定性问题导致香味变化,例如,预期的香味可能被破坏或扭曲。
因此,仍然需要提供稳定形式的香料以用于制备腌制的肉制品,使得香料在肉制品的保存期内对氧化和水解稳定。
发明概述
在一个实施方案中,用于腌制肉类的低钠盐产品包含氯化钠;氯化钠替代材料,其选自氯化钾,氯化镁,氯化钙,氯化铵,硫酸镁及其组合;至少一种食用香料(flavorant);至少一种亚硝酸盐;磷酸盐香味稳定剂,其存在量抑制所述至少一种食用香料与所述至少一种亚硝酸盐的反应。
在另一个实施方案中,用于腌制肉类的低钠盐产品包含氯化钠;氯化钠替代材料;至少一种食用香料;至少一种亚硝酸盐;和磷酸盐香味稳定剂。所述低钠盐产品将约0.01%的所述至少一种亚硝酸盐递送至腌制的肉类。
通过阅读本公开,具体实施方案的这些和其他特征、方面和优点对于本领域技术人员将变得显而易见。
发明详述
以下文本举出了本公开的许多不同实施方案的广泛描述。所述描述仅被解释为示例性的,并未描述每个可能的实施方案,因为描述每个可能的实施方案即使不是不可能也是不切实际的。应当理解,本文所述的任何特征,特性,成分,组成,组分,产品,步骤或方法可以全部或部分地删除,组合或替代本文所述的任何其他特征,特性,成分,组成,组分,产品,步骤或方法。使用当前技术或在本专利申请日之后开发的技术可以实施许多替代实施方案,其仍然落入权利要求的范围内。本文引用的所有出版物和专利均通过引用并入本文。
盐产品
消费者接受食品的最重要标准之一是香味。作为回应,申请人开发了一种低钠盐产品,其可以在腌制的肉类中为消费者递送稳定的香味。
根据本公开,提供了用于腌制肉类的低钠盐产品。本公开的盐产品包括氯化钠;氯化钠替代材料;至少一种食用香料;至少一种亚硝酸盐;和磷酸盐稳定剂,其用于防止由食用香料与亚硝酸盐的反应导致的食用香料的破坏。所述盐产品还可包含用于特定应用的其他任选组分。
本公开的盐产品有效地抑制腌制的肉制品中亚硝酸盐与食用香料的反应,产生在肉制品的保存期内对氧化和水解稳定的香味。
根据本公开,术语“腌制”是指通过添加盐、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和/或糖的组合来实现食品诸如肉和鱼的各种食品保藏和调味过程中的任何一种,目的在于通过渗透过程抽出食品的水分。
从广义上讲,可以这种方式腌制的肉制品包括整肉制品和碎肉制品。整肉制品包括培根,咸牛肉,火腿,烟熏臀肉(smoked butt),猪肘,鸡肉,火鸡和相关的肉制品。碎肉制品包括所有类型的香肠产品。这些类别的中间产品包括切片肉制品、块状肉制品和成型肉制品。
示例性的腌制的肉制品包括但不限于风干牛肉(bresaola),cacciatore,capicola,杯形香肠(coppa),熏猪肉香肠(cotechino),意大利内格罗尼库拉泰罗火腿(culatello),意大利烟熏猪脸颊肉(guanciale),lardo,意式肉肠(mortadella),意式培根(pancetta),意大利辣香肠(pepperoni),烤乳猪(porchetta),意大利熏火腿(prosciutto),萨拉米香肠(salame),意大利式大香肠(sopressata),意式烟熏风干火腿(speck),巴约纳火腿(jambon de bayonne),干香肠(saucisson sec)和风干里肌(lomo)。
在一个实施方案中,本公开的低钠盐产品可包含氯化钠和氯化钠替代材料。氯化钠可以具有几种不同的来源,例如海盐、岩盐、纯化(真空)盐或合成盐。盐产品可包含占所述盐产品重量约40%至约60%、在另一个实施方案中约45%至约55%、在又一个实施方案中约50%、或在所述范围内的任何个别数值的氯化钠。
在一个实施方案中,氯化钠替代材料选自氯化钾、氯化镁、氯化钙、氯化铵、硫酸镁及其组合。使用氯化钠替代材料降低最终产品中钠的含量,从而降低个人的钠摄入量。盐产品可包含占所述盐产品重量约20%至约40%、在另一个实施方案中约25%至约35%、在又一个实施方案中约30%、或在所述范围内的任何个别数值的氯化物替代材料。
在一个实施方案中,本公开的低钠盐产品可包含食用香料。所谓“食用香料”是指由调味师使用本领域技术人员已知的方法产生的组合物,其是促味剂、芳香化合物和感觉剂(sensate)的混合物。食用香料是本领域技术人员已知的,并且可以例如在S.Arctander,Perfume and Flavor Chemicals(Aroma Chemicals),第1和2卷,1969中找到。术语食用香料包括香料油树脂和衍生自多香果,罗勒,辣椒(capsicum),肉桂(cinnamon),丁香,孜然(cumin),小茴香(dill),大蒜,牛至,肉豆蔻,红辣椒,黑胡椒,迷迭香和姜黄(turmeric)中的任何一种的油;精油,包括洋茴香油(anise oil),葛缕子油,丁香油,桉叶油,小茴香油,大蒜油,姜油,椒样薄荷油,洋葱油,胡椒油,迷迭香油和留兰香油;柑橘油,如橙油、柠檬油、苦橙油和红橘油;葱蒜味香料,包括大蒜,韭葱,细香葱和洋葱;植物提取物,包括山金车花提取物,洋甘菊花提取物,啤酒花提取物和万寿菊提取物;植物香料提取物,包括黑莓,菊苣根,可可,咖啡,可乐果,甘草根,玫瑰果,菝契根(sassaparilla root),黄樟树皮,罗望子,甘草和香草提取物;蛋白质水解产物,包括水解植物蛋白(HVP),肉蛋白水解产物,乳蛋白水解产物;混合的天然和人造香料,包括S.Heath,Source Book of Flavors,Avi PublishingCo.Westport,Conn.,pp.149-277,1981中公开的那些,该文献通过引用整体并入本文;和通过还原糖与蛋白质衍生成分(包括氨基酸)之间的美拉德型(Maillard-type)反应制备的加工(反应)香料。
用于本公开用途的适合的食用香料包括但不限于可从Givaudan Flavors Corp.获得的盐增味剂食用香料。这些食用香料使用一系列组分来重建期望的盐特性,同时减少盐的量,但不损害食品的味道或质量。
低钠盐产品可包含占所述盐产品重量约2%至约7%、在另一个实施方案中约3%至约6%、在又一个实施方案中约4%至约5%、或在所述范围内的任何个别数值的至少一种食用香料。
在另一个实施方案中,可以包括除食用香料之外的或代替食用香料的活性成分。适合的活性成分的实例包括但不限于香料前体,芳香剂,芳香剂前体,增味剂,盐,糖,氨基酸,多糖,酶,肽,蛋白质或碳水化合物,食品补充剂,食品添加剂,激素,细菌,植物提取物,药剂,药物,营养素,用于农用化学或化妆品应用的化学品,类胡萝卜素,维生素,营养补充剂,抗氧化剂或营养品,其选自叶黄素,叶黄素酯,β-胡萝卜素,生育酚,生育酚乙酸酯,生育三烯酚,番茄红素,Co-Q10,亚麻籽油,鱼油,ω-3油,ω-6油,DHA,EPA,富含花生四烯酸的油,LCPUFA油,薄荷醇,薄荷油,硫辛酸,维生素,多酚及其糖苷、酯和/或硫酸酯缀合物,异黄酮,黄酮醇,黄烷酮及其糖苷如橙皮苷,包含儿茶素单体的黄烷3-醇及其没食子酸酯如没食子酸表没食子儿茶素酯及其原花青素低聚物,维生素C,维生素C棕榈酸酯,维生素A,维生素B,维生素B12,维生素D,α-和/或γ-多不饱和脂肪酸,植物甾醇,酯化植物甾醇,游离、非酯化植物甾醇,玉米黄质,咖啡因及其组合。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的低钠盐产品可包含至少一种亚硝酸盐和磷酸盐香味稳定剂。如本领域技术人员众所周知的,亚硝酸盐源可以是有机的或无机的。在一个实例中,可以使用无机亚硝酸盐,例如亚硝酸钠、亚硝酸钾、亚硝酸钙、亚硝酸镁和亚硝酸铵。
在另一个实施方案中,磷酸盐香味稳定剂的来源可以是碱金属磷酸盐或碱土金属磷酸盐。在一个实例中,磷酸盐可包含磷酸盐、磷酸氢盐和磷酸二氢盐。在一个实施方案中,磷酸盐香味稳定剂可以溶于水,并且以足以抑制所述至少一种亚硝酸盐与所述至少一种食用香料的反应的量被包括在内。
例如,磷酸盐香味稳定剂与亚硝酸盐的重量比为约15:1至约60:1,在另一个实施方案中为约20:1至约40:1;在另一个实施方案中为约25:1至约35:1;且在又一个实施方案中为30:1。作为结果,低钠盐产品可以递送约0.005%至约0.05%的亚硝酸盐;且在另一个实施方案中可以递送约0.01%的亚硝酸盐递送到腌制的肉中。
任选的组分
低钠盐产品可任选地包含另外的组分,其包括但不限于抑制、增强、影响或改变味道和/或香味的材料,或影响盐产品或其中可以使用本公开的盐产品的食品的结块性质、自由流动性、颜色、质地、微生物稳定性、气味或营养价值的材料。在一个实施方案中,添加剂可以是掩蔽剂(例如掩蔽氯化钠替代材料的令人不快(苦味或金属)味道)。在一个实施方案中,适合的掩蔽剂可选自US7,981,457和US2013/0309381中描述的试剂,这两篇文献均以其整体并入本文。
本发明的制备低盐产品以腌制肉类的方法是例如Akzo Nobel Chemicals的US2012/0045550中描述的方法。
实施例
给出以下实施例仅用于示例的目的,而不应解释为对本发明的限制,因为在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下,本发明的许多变化是可能的。
实施例1、2和3
制备三种低钠盐产品(实施例1、实施例2和实施例3),并示于表1中。实施例1不含磷酸盐和亚硝酸盐;实施例2仅含有亚硝酸盐;实施例3含有磷酸盐和亚硝酸盐。
表1
组分 | 实施例1(wt%) | 实施例2(wt%) | 实施例3(wt%) |
NaCl | 1.02 | 1.02 | 1.02 |
KCl | 0.68 | 0.68 | 0.68 |
食用香料<sup>1</sup> | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
K<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> | 0.30 | ||
亚硝酸盐 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
1可从Givaudan Flavors Corp.获得的盐增味剂食用香料。
对于每种制品,制备两个样品━一个在室温下,一个在40℃下。样品的含水量为1%。30天后,通过包含3名技术专家的感官小组评估表1的配方的低钠盐产品。
样品 稳定性测试结果
实施例1 RT(几乎无更多蘑菇味/无异味)
40℃(几乎无更多蘑菇味/无异味)
实施例2 RT(几乎无更多蘑菇味/无异味)
40℃(几乎无更多蘑菇味/不同的异味开始发展)
实施例3 RT(完全中性/无异味)
40℃(完全中性/无异味)
发现含有磷酸盐的样品克服了异味形成的问题并且与不含磷酸盐的样品相比具有较少的蘑菇味。
本文公开的尺寸和值不应理解为严格限于所述的精确数值。相反,除非另有说明,否则每个这样的尺寸旨在表示所述值和围绕该值的功能等效范围。例如,公开为“40mm”的尺寸旨在表示“约40mm”。
除非明确排除或以其他方式限制,否则本文引用的每篇文献,包括任何交叉引用的或相关的专利或申请,均通过引用整体并入本文。任何文件的引用并不是承认它是关于本文公开或要求保护的任何发明的现有技术或单独的,或与任何其他参考或参考文献的任何组合,教导,暗示或公开任何此类发明。此外,如果本文件中术语的任何含义或定义与通过引用并入的文件中的相同术语的任何含义或定义相冲突,则以本文件中赋予该术语的含义或定义为准。
虽然已经示例和描述了本发明的特定实施方案,但是对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以进行各种其他改变和变型。因此,旨在在所附权利要求中覆盖在本发明范围内的所有这类变化和变型。
Claims (11)
1.用于腌制肉类的低钠盐产品,包含:
氯化钠;
氯化钠替代材料,其选自氯化钾、氯化镁、氯化钙、氯化铵、硫酸镁及其组合;
至少一种食用香料;
至少一种亚硝酸盐;和
磷酸盐香味稳定剂,其以抑制所述至少一种食用香料与所述至少一种亚硝酸盐反应的量存在。
2.权利要求1的低钠盐产品,其中磷酸盐香味稳定剂与亚硝酸盐的重量比为约25:1至约35:1。
3.权利要求2的低钠盐产品,其中磷酸盐香味稳定剂与亚硝酸盐的重量比为约30:1。
4.权利要求1的低钠盐产品,其中该产品将约0.005%至约0.05%的亚硝酸盐递送至腌制的肉类。
5.权利要求1的低钠盐产品,其中该产品将约0.01%的亚硝酸盐递送至腌制的肉类。
6.权利要求1的低钠盐产品,包含占所述盐产品约3%至约6%重量的所述至少一种食用香料。
7.权利要求1的低钠盐产品,其中所述至少一种亚硝酸盐选自亚硝酸钠、亚硝酸钾、亚硝酸钙、亚硝酸镁、亚硝酸铵及其混合物。
8.权利要求1的低钠盐产品,其中磷酸盐香味稳定剂可以为碱金属磷酸盐或碱土金属磷酸盐。
9.用于腌制肉类的低钠盐产品,包含:
氯化钠;
氯化钠替代材料;
至少一种食用香料;
至少一种亚硝酸盐;和
磷酸盐香味稳定剂;
其中所述低钠盐产品将约0.01%的所述至少一种亚硝酸盐递送至腌制的肉类。
10.权利要求9的低钠盐产品,其中磷酸盐香味稳定剂与亚硝酸盐的重量比为约30:1。
11.权利要求9的低钠盐产品,包括约50%的氯化钠、约31.4%的氯化钠替代材料、约4.6%的食用香料、约0.46%的亚硝酸盐和约13.9%的磷酸盐香味稳定剂。
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CN110447815A (zh) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-11-15 | 贵州大学 | 一种低钠盐西式火腿及其制作方法 |
CN111213846A (zh) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-06-02 | 普琦瑞 | 烟熏、风干鸡的制备方法 |
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BR112018075446A2 (pt) | 2019-03-19 |
JP7162538B2 (ja) | 2022-10-28 |
US11985996B2 (en) | 2024-05-21 |
EP3471547A1 (en) | 2019-04-24 |
KR20190019942A (ko) | 2019-02-27 |
US20190216120A1 (en) | 2019-07-18 |
SG11201810300PA (en) | 2018-12-28 |
WO2017216319A1 (en) | 2017-12-21 |
JP2019522969A (ja) | 2019-08-22 |
JP2021072812A (ja) | 2021-05-13 |
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