CN109297261B - 一种氖氦低温气体冷能回收装置 - Google Patents

一种氖氦低温气体冷能回收装置 Download PDF

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CN109297261B
CN109297261B CN201811211048.1A CN201811211048A CN109297261B CN 109297261 B CN109297261 B CN 109297261B CN 201811211048 A CN201811211048 A CN 201811211048A CN 109297261 B CN109297261 B CN 109297261B
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陈辉
王培正
林定标
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Zhejiang Haichang Gas Co ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/06Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
    • F25J3/063Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/066Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream separation of nitrogen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04642Recovering noble gases from air
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/30Helium
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/42Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being nitrogen

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Abstract

本发明属于空分设备的技术领域,特别涉及一种氖氦低温气体冷能回收装置,包括空分塔、液空液氮过冷器、主换热器和水冷塔,所述空分塔包括上塔、下塔和冷凝蒸发器,冷凝蒸发器位于上塔和下塔之间,所述冷凝蒸发器内设置有氖氦气体输出管,所述上塔的填料上方设置有污氮输出管,污氮输出管穿过液空液氮过冷器后与氖氦气输出管合并成混合气体输出管,所述混合气体输出管穿过主换热器后与水冷塔相连,连接点位于水冷塔填料的下方。本发明提供的氖氦低温气体冷能回收装置,回收氖氦低温气体的冷能用于原料空气的换热和水冷塔的降温,从而减少空分塔的冷量损失,减少冷水机组的负荷。

Description

一种氖氦低温气体冷能回收装置
技术领域
本发明属于空分设备的技术领域,特别涉及一种氖氦低温气体冷能回收装置。
背景技术
空分设备是以空气为原料,通过压缩循环深度冷冻的方法把空气变成液态,再经过精馏而从液态空气中逐步分离生产出氧气、氮气及氩气等惰性气体的设备。空分设备一般包括空分塔、液空液氮过冷器、主换热器和水冷塔等多个装置。
由于空气中氖氦气体的液化温度远远低于氧气和氮气(氧气为183℃,氮气为196℃,氖气为-246℃,氦气为-266℃),因此现有空分塔的下塔顶部始终有一股无法冷凝的氖氦低温气体侵占冷凝蒸发器,氖氦低温气体的侵占造成冷凝蒸发器工作效率降低,在工作时需要对氖氦低温气体连续排放,才能使得蒸发器正常工作。对于一般的空分设备而言,每小时约排放150Nm3的氖氦低温气体,这样的排放造成了很大的冷量损失。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种氖氦低温气体冷能回收装置,回收氖氦低温气体的冷能用于原料空气的换热和水冷塔的降温,从而减少空分塔的冷量损失,减少冷水机组的负荷。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:一种氖氦低温气体冷能回收装置,包括空分塔、液空液氮过冷器、主换热器和水冷塔,所述空分塔包括上塔、下塔和冷凝蒸发器,冷凝蒸发器位于上塔和下塔之间,所述冷凝蒸发器内设置有氖氦气体输出管,所述上塔的填料上方设置有污氮输出管,污氮输出管穿过液空液氮过冷器后与氖氦气输出管合并成混合气体输出管,所述混合气体输出管穿过主换热器后与水冷塔相连,连接点位于水冷塔填料的下方。
上述装置还包括空气输入管,空气输入管穿过主换热器后与空分塔的底端相连,空气输入管中的原料空气与混合气体输出管中的低温气体在主换热器中进行热量交换,使得原料空气温度降低。
上述上塔的顶端设置有氮气输出管,氮气输出管依次穿过液空液氮过冷器和主换热器后与氮气收集装置相连,上述冷凝蒸发器的上方设置有氧气输出管,氧气输出管依次穿过液空液氮过冷器和主换热器后与氧气收集装置相连。氮气输出管和氧气输出管与液空液氮在液空液氮过冷器中进行热量交换,液空液氮进一步冷却,使之低于饱和温度。氮气输出管和氧气输出管与原料空气在主换热器中进行热量交换,使得原料空气温度降低。
上述氖氦气体输出管连接有氖氦气体排空管和氖氦气体排空阀门。
上述装置还包括过滤原料空气的分子筛系统。
上述混合气体输出管穿过主换热器后分别与分子筛系统和水冷塔相连,一部分混合气体用于分子筛的复生,一部分混合气体用于水冷塔的降温。
上述水冷塔的上方设置有进水管和喷淋头,水冷塔的下方设置有出水管。被冷却的水自上而下流经填料,通过混合气体进行降温。
本发明和现有技术相比,具有如下有益效果:
1、本发明将空分塔中排出的氖氦低温气体引入空分设备的主换热器的冷端,与原料空气进行换热,使得原料空气温度降低,进而回收冷能。
2、本发明将经过主换热器复热后的氖氦气体引入水冷塔,由于氖氦气体为干燥气体,所以水分子能不断蒸发扩散到氖氦气体中去,而水蒸气吸收汽化潜能从水中不断带走热量,使水温降低,干燥气体吸湿是使水温降低的主要原因。
3、本发明减少了空分塔冷量的损失,减少了冷水机组的负荷,具有显著的经济效益。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图。
附图标记:1、空分塔;2、液空液氮过冷器;3、主换热器;4、水冷塔;5、上塔;6、下塔;7、冷凝蒸发器;8、氖氦气体输出管;9、污氮输出管;10、混合气体输出管;11、空气输入管;12、氮气输出管;13、氧气输出管;14、氖氦气体排空管;15、氖氦气体排空阀门;16、进水管;17、喷淋头;18、出水管。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图以具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述,参见图1:
一种氖氦低温气体冷能回收装置,包括空分塔1、液空液氮过冷器2、主换热器3和水冷塔4,所述空分塔1包括上塔5、下塔6和冷凝蒸发器7,冷凝蒸发器7位于上塔5和下塔6之间,所述冷凝蒸发器7内设置有氖氦气体输出管8,所述上塔5的填料上方设置有污氮输出管9,污氮输出管9穿过液空液氮过冷器2后与氖氦气输出管8合并成混合气体输出管10,所述混合气体输出管10穿过主换热器3后与水冷塔4相连,连接点位于水冷塔4填料的下方。
上述装置还包括空气输入管11,空气输入管11穿过主换热器3后与空分塔1的底端相连,空气输入管11中的原料空气与混合气体输出管10中的低温气体在主换热器3中进行热量交换,使得原料空气温度降低。
上述上塔5的顶端设置有氮气输出管12,氮气输出管12依次穿过液空液氮过冷器2和主换热器3后与氮气收集装置相连,上述冷凝蒸发器7的上方设置有氧气输出管13,氧气输出管13依次穿过液空液氮过冷器2和主换热器3后与氧气收集装置相连。氮气输出管12和氧气输出管13与液空液氮在液空液氮过冷器2中进行热量交换,液空液氮进一步冷却,使之低于饱和温度。氮气输出管12和氧气输出管13与原料空气在主换热器3中进行热量交换,使得原料空气温度降低。
上述氖氦气体输出管8连接有氖氦气体排空管14和氖氦气体排空阀门15,当需要排空氖氦气体的时候打开阀门排空气体。
上述装置还包括过滤原料空气的分子筛系统。
上述混合气体输出管10穿过主换热器3后分别与分子筛系统和水冷塔4相连,一部分混合气体用于分子筛的复生,一部分混合气体用于水冷塔4的降温。
上述水冷塔的上方设置有进水管16和喷淋头17,水冷塔4的下方设置有出水管18。被冷却的水自上而下流经填料,通过混合气体进行降温。
本发明的工作过程如下:来自于空气压缩机的原料空气经过分子筛过滤后输送到主换热器3进行热量交换而降温,之后通入到空分塔1的底部,经空分塔1的处理,产品氮气由顶端排出,产品氧气由冷凝蒸发器7的上方排出,污氮由上塔5的上方排出,氖氦气体由冷凝蒸发器7中排出,产品氮气和污氮经过液空液氮过冷器2对循环于空分塔1的液空液氮进行降温,产品氮气、产品氧气、污氮、氖氦气体经过主换热器3对原料空气进行降温,之后产品氮气、产品氧气进行产品收集,污氮和氖氦气体一部分流向分子筛对分子筛进行再生,一部分流入水冷塔4对流经水冷塔填料的水进行降温,之后水冷塔4经过降温的水供空冷塔使用。
上述实施例仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并非依此限制本发明的保护范围,故:凡依本发明的结构、形状、原理所做的等效变化,均应涵盖于本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种氖氦低温气体冷能回收装置,包括空分塔(1)、液空液氮过冷器(2)、主换热器(3)和水冷塔(4),所述空分塔(1)包括上塔(5)、下塔(6)和冷凝蒸发器(7),冷凝蒸发器(7)位于上塔(5)和下塔(6)之间,其特征在于,所述冷凝蒸发器(7)内设置有氖氦气体输出管(8),所述上塔(5)的填料上方设置有污氮输出管(9),污氮输出管(9)穿过液空液氮过冷器(2)后与氖氦气输出管(8)合并成混合气体输出管(10),所述混合气体输出管(10)穿过主换热器(3)后与水冷塔(4)相连,连接点位于水冷塔(4)填料的下方;
所述装置还包括空气输入管(11),空气输入管(11)穿过主换热器(3)后与空分塔(1)的底端相连;
所述上塔(5)的顶端设置有氮气输出管(12),氮气输出管(12)依次穿过液空液氮过冷器(2)和主换热器(3)后与氮气收集装置相连,所述冷凝蒸发器(7)的上方设置有氧气输出管(13),氧气输出管(13)依次穿过液空液氮过冷器(2)和主换热器(3)后与氧气收集装置相连。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种氖氦低温气体冷能回收装置,其特征在于,所述氖氦气体输出管(8)连接有氖氦气体排空管(14)和氖氦气体排空阀门(15)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种氖氦低温气体冷能回收装置,其特征在于,所述装置还包括过滤原料空气的分子筛系统。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种氖氦低温气体冷能回收装置,其特征在于,所述混合气体输出管(10)穿过主换热器后分别与分子筛系统和水冷塔(4)相连。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种氖氦低温气体冷能回收装置,其特征在于,所述水冷塔(4)的上方设置有进水管(16)和喷淋头(17),水冷塔(4)的下方设置有出水管(18)。
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