CN113091401B - 一种利用液氮制取液氧的液体空分装置 - Google Patents

一种利用液氮制取液氧的液体空分装置 Download PDF

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CN113091401B
CN113091401B CN202110469614.4A CN202110469614A CN113091401B CN 113091401 B CN113091401 B CN 113091401B CN 202110469614 A CN202110469614 A CN 202110469614A CN 113091401 B CN113091401 B CN 113091401B
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CN113091401A (zh
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卢红太
阮艳丽
范纪涛
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Kaifeng Dear Air Separation Industrial Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种利用液氮制取液氧的液体空分装置，包括液氮贮罐、连接液氧贮罐的精馏塔和通过纯化组件连接精馏塔的液氧贮罐，所述液氮贮罐通过液氮输送管连接至精馏塔的上塔，所述纯化组件包括高氧塔一和高氧塔二，所述高氧塔一和高氧塔二内所需冷源均由精馏塔内的液氮提供，所述高氧塔一和高氧塔二内所需热源均由精馏塔的氮气提供，所述精馏塔内的液氧依次通过高氧塔一和高氧塔二除去组分杂质后，获得高纯液氮，所述高氧塔二通过液氧输送管连接至液氧贮罐；本发明提供的液体空分装置，由液氮为精馏塔提供冷量，通过纯化组件除去组分杂质，最终获得高纯度的液氧。

Description

一种利用液氮制取液氧的液体空分装置
技术领域
本发明属于空分技术领域，具体涉及一种利用液氮制取液氧的液体空分装置。
背景技术
空气分离，简称空分，是指用低温冷冻原理从空气中分离出其组分(氧、氮和氩、氦等稀有气体)的过程，一般先将空气压缩，并冷至很低温度，或用膨胀方法使空气液化，再在精馏塔中进行分离。例如当液态空气沸腾时，比较容易挥发的氮(沸点-196℃)先气化，氧则后气化(沸点-183℃)。
空分设备的工作原理是根据空气中各种气体的沸点不同，经加压、预冷、纯化并利用大部分由透平膨胀剂提供的冷量使之液化再进行精馏从而获得所需的氧/氮产品。空气制氧系统包括空压机系统、预冷系统、分子筛纯化系统、增压膨胀剂系统、分馏塔系统、氧/氮压机系统和调压站系统。
目前市场上的用来分离氮、氧的空气设备，主要由精馏塔系统组成，在精馏塔的下塔中，上升气体与下流液体充分接触，传热传质后，在顶部得到纯氮气，纯氮进入下塔顶部的主冷凝蒸发器与液氧热量交换被冷凝，一部分液氮作为下塔的回流液下流，还有一部分液氮经换热器过冷，节流后进入上塔参与精馏；下塔的液空经换热器进入上塔参与精馏；经过在上塔内的再次精馏，在上塔的顶部产生氮气并在下塔的底部产生液氧；上塔产生的氮气和污氮流经换热器。该液氧通过主冷凝蒸发器与下塔的氮气进行热量交换，液氧蒸发后形成在上塔的底部产生氧气。也就是说采用这种结构的空分装置主要产品为氮气、氧气，无法满足生产大量液态氧的需求，且对纯度较高的液氧的提取率一般在20-25％，提取的液氮氧中含有较多的杂质。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决背景技术中所提出的问题，而提供一种利用液氮制取液氧的液体空分装置，由液氮为精馏塔提供冷量，通过纯化组件除去组分杂质，最终获得高纯度的液氧。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：
一种利用液氮制取液氧的液体空分装置，包括液氮贮罐、连接液氧贮罐的精馏塔和通过纯化组件连接精馏塔的液氧贮罐，所述液氮贮罐通过液氮输送管连接至精馏塔的上塔。
优选的，所述纯化组件包括高氧塔一和高氧塔二，所述高氧塔一和高氧塔二内所需冷源均由精馏塔内的液氮提供，所述高氧塔一和高氧塔二内所需热源均由精馏塔的氮气提供，所述精馏塔内的液氧依次通过高氧塔一和高氧塔二除去组分杂质后，获得高纯液氮。
优选的，所述高氧塔二通过液氧输送管连接至液氧贮罐，所述液氧输送管将蒸发器二内的高纯液氧抽出后获得液氧。
优选的，所述高氧塔一包括塔体一、设于塔体一上端的冷凝器一和设于塔体一下端的蒸发器一。
优选的，所述高氧塔二包括塔体二、设于塔体二上端的冷凝器二和设于塔体二下端的蒸发器二。
优选的，所述高氧塔一的冷凝器一和高氧塔二的冷凝器二所需的冷源均由精馏塔的冷凝蒸发器的冷凝侧内的液氮经液氮管路提供，所述高氧塔一的蒸发器一和高氧塔二的蒸发器二所需的热源由精馏塔的冷凝蒸发器的蒸发侧内的氮气经氮气管路提供。
优选的，所述精馏塔的冷凝蒸发器内产生的液氧经液氧管路输送入高氧塔一，所述的冷凝器一内的冷量被液氧管路输送入的液氧气化后产生的氧气吸收，使得氧气又被冷凝成液氧输送入高氧塔二，所述的液氧在高氧塔二内纯化为高纯液氧后经蒸发器二的蒸发侧的液氧输送管抽送至液氧贮罐内。
优选的，所述高氧塔一的蒸发器一的蒸发侧产生的液氮送入液氮管路，所述氮气管路内的氮气进入蒸发器一和蒸发器二提供热源。
优选的，所述高氧塔一内的液气比为0.5-0.7，所述高氧塔二内的液气比为1.3-1.4。
优选的，所述高氧塔一和高氧塔二的结构相同，所述高氧塔一包括设于塔体底部的提馏段和设于塔体上部的精馏段，所述冷凝器一设于靠近提馏段的一侧，所述蒸发器设于靠近精馏段的一侧。
优选的，将精馏塔和纯化组件作为一个精馏系统，气液相物流在精馏系统的热、质交换，最终使各组分沿精馏系统的高度形成气、液相浓度分布发生变化，在稳定工况下的单位时间内，流入精馏塔和流出精馏塔的物质的数量和能量是相等的，则有精馏系统内物料之间满足：VK＝VO2+VCN；
精馏系统内各组分之间满足：VKyk＝VO2yO+VCNyCN；
精馏系统内的能量满足：VKhk+VKQB＝VO2hO+VCNhCN；
其中VK(m3/h)是精馏系统内处理的空气总量，yk是空气中氧气的纯度，hk是空气的热焓，VO2(m3/h)是氧气产品的产量，yO是氧气产品的纯度，hO是氧气产品的热焓，VCN(m3/h)是氮气产品的产量，yCN是氮气产品的纯度，hCN是氮气产品的热焓，QB是外界传入精馏系统的热量。
优选的，经所述的精馏系统提取出的氧的提取率W满足：W＝VO2·yO/VK·yk；
优选的，氧气产量VO2满足：VO2＝[(yk-yCN)/(yO-yCN)]·VK。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：
1、本发明提供的一种利用液氮制取液氧的液体空分装置，将储存的液氮经液氮输送管送入精馏塔的上塔为上塔提供冷量，精馏塔内的液氧气化后产生的氧气吸收冷量又被冷凝成液氧，液氧经纯化组件继续精馏后，除去其中的氮、氩、甲烷、二氧化碳、一氧化碳、烃类、氪、氙和水分等杂质，形成纯度较高的液氧产品后储存在液氧储罐中。
2、本发明提供的一种利用液氮制取液氧的液体空分装置，通过高氧塔一精馏除去大部分高沸点组分杂质，然后从高氧塔一中部抽取气氧送入高氧塔二继续精馏，并除去高、低沸点组分杂质，最终获得高纯氧产品。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种利用液氮制取液氧的液体空分装置结构示意图。
图2是本发明一种利用液氮制取液氧的液体空分装置的高氧塔一示意图。
图3是本发明一种利用液氮制取液氧的液体空分装置的高氧塔二示意图。
图4是本发明一种利用液氮制取液氧的液体空分装置的高氧塔一原理图。
图中：1、液氮贮罐；2、液氮输送管；3、精馏塔；4、冷凝蒸发器；5、液氮管路；6、液氧管路；7、氮气管路；8、高氧塔一；81、塔体一；811、提馏段；812、精馏段；82、冷凝器一；83、蒸发器一；9、高氧塔二；91、塔体二；92、冷凝器二；93、蒸发器二；10、液氧输送管；11、液氧贮罐。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部实施例，基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
精馏塔由下塔、上塔及冷凝蒸发器组成，下塔的工作压力一般为0.45～0.6MPa，下塔中的原料空气达到初步分离，在下塔顶部得到纯液氮，下塔底部则是富氧液空，上塔的工作压力一般为0.05～0.06Mpa，将下塔的富氧液空节流排入上塔进行分离，最终得到液氧和氮气产品，冷凝蒸发器设于上塔与下塔之间，下塔顶部的氮气与主冷凝蒸发器内液氧换热取得冷量，冷凝成液氮；上塔底部的液氧集聚在冷凝蒸发器，与下塔顶部氮气换热取得热量，使液氧蒸发，确保上塔精馏工况正常。
经过主换热器和膨胀机冷却到或接近饱和状态下的空气进入下塔底部，空气自下而上与下来的冷凝液体进行精馏，最终沸点较低的氮气在下塔顶部聚集，得到高纯氮气，再通过与主冷的换热被冷凝成液氮，其中的一部分作为维持下塔精馏工况的回流液，与自下而上的气体进行热质交换，最后可在塔底得到含氧量在35～40％的液空，其余的液氮经液氮节流阀降压降温后一部分送入液氮储槽，一部分进入上塔顶部作为上塔的回流液，下塔顶部氮气的纯度一般为97～99.999％N2，纯度高低决定于下塔塔板的数量。
下塔冷凝的液空，经过节流调节阀降压后送入到上塔的中部位置，随后沿塔板或者填料逐步下流，过程中与上塔底部上来的上升蒸汽进行热质交换，最终在上塔的底部得到99％以上的纯液氧，在上塔顶部则得到99.99％以上的氮气产品。
结合图1-3，一种利用液氮制取液氧的液体空分装置，包括液氮贮罐1、连接液氮贮罐1的精馏塔3和通过纯化组件连接精馏塔3的液氧贮罐11，所述液氮贮罐1通过液氮输送管2连接至精馏塔3的上塔，所述纯化组件通过液氧输送管10连接至液氧贮罐11。
所述纯化组件包括高氧塔一8和高氧塔二9，所述高氧塔一8和高氧塔二9内所需冷源均由精馏塔3内的液氮提供，所述高氧塔一8和高氧塔二9内所需热源均由精馏塔3的氮气提供，所述精馏塔3内的液氧依次通过高氧塔一8和高氧塔二9除去组分杂质后，获得高纯液氮。
所述高氧塔一8包括塔体一81、设于塔体一81上端的冷凝器一82和设于塔体一81下端的蒸发器一83。
所述高氧塔二9包括塔体二91、设于塔体二91上端的冷凝器二92和设于塔体二91下端的蒸发器二93。
具体的，所述纯化组件包括连接精馏塔的高氧塔一和高氧塔二，所述高氧塔一的冷凝器一和高氧塔二的冷凝器二所需的冷源均由精馏塔的冷凝蒸发器的冷凝侧内的液氮提供，所述高氧塔一的蒸发器一和高氧塔二的蒸发器二所需的热源由精馏塔的冷凝蒸发器的蒸发侧内的氮气提供，所述精馏塔的冷凝蒸发器内产生的液氧输送入高氧塔一，高氧塔二从冷凝器一内抽取气氧送入冷凝器二内继续精馏，最后液氧在高氧塔二内纯化为高纯液氧经蒸发器二抽送至液氧贮罐内。
将储存的液氮经液氮输送管送入精馏塔的上塔为上塔提供冷量，精馏塔内的液氧气化后产生的氧气吸收冷量又被冷凝成液氧，液氧经纯化组件继续精馏后，除去其中的氮、氩、甲烷、二氧化碳、一氧化碳、烃类、氪、氙和水分等杂质，形成纯度较高的液氧产品后储存在液氧储罐中。
通过高氧塔一精馏除去大部分高沸点组分杂质，然后从高氧塔一中部抽取气氧送入高氧塔二继续精馏，并除去高、低沸点组分杂质，最终获得高纯氧产品。
实施例2
在实施例1的基础上，结合图4，高氧塔一主要是清除原料气氧中的高沸点杂质，这些杂质与氧的沸点差异较大，因此，当高氧塔一内的液气比为0.5-0.7时，这些杂质就能被洗涤清除，当液气比超过或小于这个范围时，塔内的杂质则难以清除。
在高氧塔二中的精馏段内，主要是清除氧中的氮、氩和甲烷等杂质，液气比要小于1，适宜范围为0.8-0.9；提馏段是进行氩氧分离并清除氧中的高沸点组分杂质，液气比要大于1，适宜范围为1.1-1.5。
实施例3
将精馏塔和纯化组件作为一个精馏系统，气液相物流在精馏系统的热、质交换，最终使各组分沿精馏系统的高度形成气、液相浓度分布发生变化，在稳定工况下的单位时间内，流入精馏塔和流出精馏塔的物质的数量和能量是相等的，则有精馏系统内物料之间满足：VK＝VO2+VCN；
精馏系统内各组分之间满足：VKyk＝VO2yO+VCNyCN；
精馏系统内的能量满足：VKhk+VKQB＝VO2hO+VCNhCN；
其中VK(m3/h)是精馏系统内处理的空气总量，yk是空气中氧气的纯度，hk是空气的热焓，VO2(m3/h)是氧气产品的产量，yO是氧气产品的纯度，hO是氧气产品的热焓，VCN(m3/h)是氮气产品的产量，yCN是氮气产品的纯度，hCN是氮气产品的热焓，QB是外界传入精馏系统的热量。
经所述的精馏系统提取出的氧的提取率W满足：W＝VO2·yO/VK·yk；
氧气产量VO2满足：VO2＝[(yk-yCN)/(yO-yCN)]·VK。
氧的提取率是指表示氧产品中所含氧量，占整个加工空气中含氧量的比例，利用氧气的提取率W来衡量空分装置的运行效率，提取率高，系统能耗低。
以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的保护范围内所做的任何修改，等同替换等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种利用液氮制取液氧的液体空分装置，其特征在于：包括液氮贮罐(1)、连接液氮贮罐(1)的精馏塔(3)和通过纯化组件连接精馏塔(3)的液氧贮罐(11)，所述液氮贮罐(1)通过液氮输送管(2)连接至精馏塔(3)的上塔；
所述纯化组件包括高氧塔一(8)和高氧塔二(9)，所述高氧塔一(8)和高氧塔二(9)内所需冷源均由精馏塔(3)内的液氮提供，所述高氧塔一(8)和高氧塔二(9)内所需热源均由精馏塔(3)的氮气提供，所述精馏塔(3)内的液氧依次通过高氧塔一(8)和高氧塔二(9)除去组分杂质后，获得高纯液氧；
所述高氧塔二(9)通过液氧输送管(10)连接至液氧贮罐(11)，所述液氧输送管(10)将高氧塔二(9)内的高纯液氧抽出后获得液氧；
将精馏塔(3)和纯化组件作为一个精馏系统，气液相物流在精馏系统的热、质交换，最终使各组分沿精馏系统的高度形成气、液相浓度分布发生变化，在稳定工况下的单位时间内，流入精馏塔(3)和流出精馏塔(3)的物质的数量和能量是相等的，则有精馏系统内物料之间满足：VK＝VO2+VCN；
精馏系统内各组分之间满足：VKyk＝VO2yO+VCNyCN；
精馏系统内的能量满足：VKhk+VKQB＝VO2hO+VCNhCN；
其中VK(m3/h)是精馏系统内处理的空气总量，yk是空气中氧气的纯度，hk是空气的热焓，VO2(m3/h)是氧气产品的产量，yO是氧气产品的纯度，hO是氧气产品的热焓，VCN(m3/h)是氮气产品的产量，yCN是氮气产品的纯度，hCN是氮气产品的热焓，QB是外界传入精馏系统的热量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用液氮制取液氧的液体空分装置，其特征在于：所述高氧塔一(8)包括塔体一(81)、设于塔体一(81)上端的冷凝器一(82)和设于塔体一(81)下端的蒸发器一(83)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种利用液氮制取液氧的液体空分装置，其特征在于：所述高氧塔二(9)包括塔体二(91)、设于塔体二(91)上端的冷凝器二(92)和设于塔体二(91)下端的蒸发器二(93)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种利用液氮制取液氧的液体空分装置，其特征在于：所述高氧塔一(8)的冷凝器一(82)和高氧塔二(9)的冷凝器二(92)所需的冷源均由精馏塔(3)的冷凝蒸发器(4)的冷凝侧内的液氮经液氮管路(5)提供，所述高氧塔一(8)的蒸发器一(83)和高氧塔二(9)的蒸发器二(93)所需的热源由精馏塔(3)的冷凝蒸发器(4)的蒸发侧内的氮气经氮气管路(7)提供。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种利用液氮制取液氧的液体空分装置，其特征在于：所述精馏塔(3)的冷凝蒸发器(4)内产生的液氧经液氧管路(6)输送入高氧塔一(8)，所述的冷凝器一(82)内的冷量被液氧管路(6)输送入的液氧气化后产生的氧气吸收，使得氧气又被冷凝成液氧输送入高氧塔二(9)，所述的液氧在高氧塔二(9)内纯化为高纯液氧后经蒸发器二(93)的蒸发侧的液氧输送管(10)抽送至液氧贮罐(11)内。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种利用液氮制取液氧的液体空分装置，其特征在于：所述高氧塔一(8)的蒸发器一(83)的蒸发侧产生的液氮送入液氮管路(5)，所述氮气管路(7)内的氮气进入蒸发器一(83)和蒸发器二(93)提供热源。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用液氮制取液氧的液体空分装置，其特征在于：所述高氧塔一(8)内的液气比为0.5-0.7，所述高氧塔二(9)内的液气比为1.3-1.4。
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