CN109293407B - Kitchen waste rapid fertilizer making device and method - Google Patents
Kitchen waste rapid fertilizer making device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109293407B CN109293407B CN201811381519.3A CN201811381519A CN109293407B CN 109293407 B CN109293407 B CN 109293407B CN 201811381519 A CN201811381519 A CN 201811381519A CN 109293407 B CN109293407 B CN 109293407B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/02—Apparatus for the manufacture
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
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Abstract
The invention belongs to a device and a method for quickly preparing a fertilizer from kitchen waste, and belongs to the field of kitchen waste treatment. The device comprises a three-stage main reactor, an infrared radiation heat preservation unit, a hot air supply unit and a condensed water percolate reflux unit. According to the method, the kitchen waste is quickly dehydrated through the infrared radiation and hot air coupling temperature control mode, the volume and the weight of the kitchen waste are efficiently reduced, the conditioner is replaced, and the cost is reduced. The dewatered garbage is controlled in stages in the composting process, the biological activity is improved in a heat auxiliary mode in the high-temperature fermentation stage, the fermentation process is accelerated, the later decomposition stage is combined, the reaction period is effectively shortened, the organic matter is degraded and decomposed to the maximum extent, the biological treatment process is optimized, and the discharging quality is improved. In addition, the reactor is also provided with a heat pump to recover heat of the discharged air at all levels, so that waste heat and moisture are supplied in the composting process, and condensed water percolate backflow spraying is matched, so that the humidity of the compost is maintained, the secondary treatment cost is reduced, and the quick composting and resource utilization of the kitchen waste is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of kitchen waste treatment, and relates to a device and a method for quickly preparing a fertilizer from kitchen waste. The method does not need to add a conditioner, controls the biological composting process by stages, controls the reaction temperature and the residence time of materials in different stages, and realizes the high-efficiency biological treatment device and the technical method for rapidly degrading and fermenting the kitchen wastes.
Background
Along with the continuous development of economy in China and the continuous improvement of living standard of people, the yield of municipal solid waste is increased year by year, wherein the kitchen waste is as high as 50-60%, and the characteristics of high water content, high organic matter and the like also cause a series of problems in the process of landfill or incineration, and various regions are seeking a very economic, energy-saving and environment-friendly technical method for reducing and recycling the kitchen waste.
The composting method is widely concerned in the kitchen waste treatment direction, microorganisms perform aerobic fermentation activity by depending on organic matters in the kitchen waste in the reaction process, the organic matters are promoted to be degraded and decomposed, finally, the reduction is realized, and the product can be used for plant fertilizers. In the existing composting process, a large amount of conditioner needs to be added for adjusting the moisture and the composting structure, for example, in a method for composting kitchen wastes of straws disclosed in Chinese patent 201610024921.0, straws or rice straws are used as the conditioner and need to be rolled into small sections (10mm), the addition amount exceeds half, the pretreatment process is complicated, and the labor cost is high. Chinese patent 201711210159.6 discloses an efficient composting method for agricultural organic waste, which adopts a traditional mode to add crop straws, wherein the reaction period is as long as 90 days (30-36 days for composting and 60-80 days for later digestion and degradation), so that the problems of long reaction period and low efficiency in the traditional mode can be seen, and a large amount of kitchen waste which is continuously generated can not be effectively dealt with. For improving the composting efficiency and shortening the composting period, a high-temperature composting method is widely accepted, for example, chinese patent 201710518000.4 discloses a method for ultrahigh-temperature composting of livestock and poultry manure, which comprises the steps of firstly adjusting the moisture content with a conditioner, inoculating an organic material decomposing microbial inoculum, and raising the temperature of a compost to 80-85 ℃ by an external heating method, wherein the method can effectively promote the organic matter to be decomposed and effectively shorten the composting reaction period, however, the traditional heating method is limited by mass and heat transfer efficiency, and the heating energy consumption is high, thereby seriously affecting the popularization and application thereof.
A fast and efficient composting reactor is still lacked in the market, so that the addition of a conditioner can be effectively reduced, the composting rate of a compost is improved, the biological treatment period is shortened, the external energy consumption is reduced, the optimization of a biological composting treatment process is realized, and the composting treatment efficiency is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a method and a device for quickly preparing fertilizer from kitchen garbage.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a kitchen waste rapid fertilizer making device comprises a three-stage main reactor, an infrared radiation heat preservation unit, a hot air supply unit and a condensed water leachate backflow unit.
The three-stage main reactor comprises three reactor bodies 3, the three reactor bodies 3 are arranged in parallel in the vertical direction and are respectively a first-stage reactor, a second-stage reactor and a third-stage reactor from top to bottom, and discharge holes 12 of the first-stage reactor and the second-stage reactor are respectively connected with a feed hole 1 of the second-stage reactor and a feed hole 1 of the third-stage reactor; each reactor main body 3 is coated with a heat-insulating material for heat insulation, and is internally provided with a double-helix material mixing and propelling device 4 for fully mixing the kitchen waste in the process of pushing the kitchen waste to a discharge port 12; the discharge port 12 and the feed port 1 are provided with rotary clapboards for controlling feeding and discharging;
the infrared radiation heat preservation unit comprises an infrared temperature controller 6, a thermocouple and an infrared heating lamp tube 5 which are all arranged at the top of the reactor main body 3, a probe of the thermocouple is used for measuring the internal temperature of the reactor, and the infrared temperature controller 6 controls the temperature in the reactor main body 3 by controlling the infrared heating lamp tube 5;
the hot air supply unit comprises a fan, an air duct, a flowmeter and a heat pump; the air duct is uniformly paved at the bottom of each stage of reactor, the air duct in the first stage of reactor is sequentially connected with a first flowmeter 9, a first heat pump 8 and a first fan 7 outside, and an air outlet at the upper end of the first stage of reactor is connected with the first heat pump 8; the ventilation pipeline in the secondary reactor is sequentially connected with an external second flowmeter 15, a second heat pump 14 and a second fan 13, the second fan 13 is also connected with the first heat pump 8, and an air outlet at the upper end of the secondary reactor is connected with the second heat pump 14; an air duct in the three-stage reactor is sequentially connected with an external third flow meter 17 and a third fan 16, and the third fan 16 is also respectively communicated with external air and a second heat pump 14; the flow meter is used for controlling the ventilation quantity introduced into each stage of reactor; the heat pump is used for heating air to be fed into the reactor, cooling and releasing heat for the reacted saturated humidity hot outlet air, and introducing the cooled saturated humidity hot outlet air into the next-stage reactor through a fan of the next-stage reactor;
the condensed water percolate reflux unit comprises evaporated water condensate reflux plates 2, a water collecting tank 11, a water pump 10 and a spray head, wherein the two evaporated water condensate reflux plates 2 are arranged at the top of the primary reactor and are connected with the water collecting tank 11; a percolate outlet is arranged at the bottom of the primary reactor, and a filter screen is arranged on the percolate outlet and is connected with the water collecting tank 11; the spray heads are arranged at the top ends of the two-stage reactor and the three-stage reactor and are connected with a water collecting tank 11 through a water pump 10; condensed water dripped by the evaporated water condensation reflux plate 2 and percolate in reaction are collected in a water collecting tank 11 and sprayed to a secondary reactor and a tertiary reactor through a water pump 10.
The propelling directions of the double-helix material mixing and propelling device 4 are opposite, and a plate turning mechanism is arranged at the tail end of the forward-direction screw device; the forward screw device and the reverse screw device are connected through a screw driving mechanical structure to realize synchronous operation, and the speed of the forward screw device and the reverse screw device is controlled through a frequency conversion device. Transverse and longitudinal stirring blades or stirring rods are additionally arranged between blades in the reverse double helix in each stage of reactor, the distance between the blades is 0.1-1.0 m, and the density degree of the blades is adjusted according to the size and material characteristics of the reactor.
A method for rapidly preparing a fertilizer from kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
first stage reactor treatment
The primary reactor realizes primary dehydration of the kitchen waste, so that the kitchen waste is in a good solid state and replaces a conditioner. Filling kitchen waste into the primary reactor, controlling the infrared heating temperature to be 80-100 ℃, and controlling the ventilation quantity to be 5-10m3The inlet air temperature is maintained at 80-100 ℃, and the retention time is 24 hours; stirring the kitchen waste once per hour, and quickly dehydrating the kitchen waste in an infrared radiation and hot air coupling mode to reduce the water content of the kitchen waste to 55-60%; steam generated in the dehydration process is condensed at the top of the primary reactor and mixed with the bottom percolate to enter the water collecting tank 11, and after the primary reactor is dehydrated, kitchen waste enters the secondary reactor.
(II) two-stage reactor treatment
The secondary reactor is used for high-temperature fermentation of kitchen waste, promotes degradation of organic matters and kills pathogenic bacteria. Adding thermophilic microorganism before the secondary reactor operates for the first time, simultaneously, introducing the saturated humidity outlet gas of the primary reactor into the secondary reactor after heat exchange by a heat pump, wherein in the reaction process of the secondary reactor, the infrared radiation temperature is controlled to be 60-80 ℃, and the ventilation volume is controlled to be 1-5m3The air inlet temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and stirred once every 12 hours; after 3-4 days, the kitchen garbage in the secondary reactor exceeds 3/4 in volume and then is discharged and enters the tertiary reactor. In order to maintain the water content of the kitchen waste to be more than 55% in the reaction process, the mixed liquid of the condensed water and the percolate is introduced from the water collecting tank 11 for spraying in the mixing and stirring process of the kitchen waste. In the process of the later-stage continuous operation, 1/6-1/8 is reserved in the discharge of the secondary reactor and is used for the inoculation starting of thermophilic microorganisms.
(III) three stage reactor treatment
The three-stage reactor is used for decomposing the kitchen waste to further decompose organic matters to form nutrient components required by plants. The secondary reactor is discharged from the gas heat pump for heat exchange and then enters the tertiary reactor, fresh air is supplemented, the temperature of the kitchen waste is maintained at 30-40 ℃, and the ventilation quantity is controlled at 1-5m3And h, uniformly mixing and stirring once every day, and introducing mixed liquor of condensed water and percolate from the water collecting tank 11 for spraying in the uniformly mixing and stirring process to maintain the water content of the pile body to be more than 55%. After staying for 6-8 days, discharging the material from the three-stage reactor to obtain the mature compost product of the kitchen waste.
The thermophilic microorganism is derived from dewatered sludge of a sewage treatment plant and is obtained by continuous high-temperature acclimation.
Aiming at the problem that a conditioner needs to be added to adjust the moisture content and the porosity in the composting treatment of the kitchen waste, the invention provides the primary dehydration of the kitchen waste, reduces the moisture content of materials in a mode of coupling infrared radiation and hot air, improves the pores of the materials, recycles the heat energy of the outlet air by a heat pump and provides saturated wet air for the composting process. Meanwhile, the composting process is controlled in stages, the high temperature of the compost is maintained in a heat-assisted mode, the biological metabolic activity is improved, the degradation of organic matters is accelerated, and meanwhile, low-temperature hot air is supplemented in a low-temperature period to maintain the necessary temperature for biological growth and ensure the formation of humus substances.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the kitchen waste composting treatment device with sectional control has the advantages of simple structure, flexible operation, high treatment efficiency and the like. Firstly, preliminarily dehydrating the kitchen waste, quickly reducing the volume and the weight, realizing the daily continuous treatment of the kitchen waste, controlling the composting in the later period in stages, accelerating the reaction process in a thermal coupling mode, and performing segmented control by matching with different residence times, thereby realizing semi-continuous operation, shortening the treatment period and effectively improving the treatment efficiency; (2) the material convection radiation heating is carried out in the reactor in an infrared radiation and hot air coupling mode, the traditional conduction heat transfer is replaced, the heat transfer efficiency is effectively improved, and the rapid temperature rise of the stack is realized; (3) in addition, after high-temperature exhaust of each stage of reactor is subjected to waste heat recovery, low-temperature saturated moisture enters the next stage of reactor, the water loss of a stack body is reduced, the exhaust energy waste is avoided, different air volumes are proportioned according to reaction stages, the reaction process of each stage is facilitated, and the composting treatment process of kitchen waste is optimized; (3) condensate water and percolate of the first-stage reactor are sprayed and reflowed to enter the second-stage reactor and the third-stage reactor, water is supplemented for the pile body, organic components in the kitchen waste are prevented from being lost, secondary pollution and treatment cost of waste water in the process are avoided, and complete composting and resource utilization of the kitchen waste is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a kitchen garbage rapid fertilizer making device.
In the figure: 1, a feeding hole; 2 evaporating water to condense the reflux plate; 3 a reactor body; 4, a double-helix material mixing and propelling device; 5 infrared heating lamp tube; 6 infrared temperature controller; 7 a first fan; 8 a first heat pump; 9 a first flow meter; 10, a water pump; 11 a water collecting tank; 12, discharging a material outlet; 13 a second fan; 14 a second heat pump; 15 a second flow meter; 16 a third fan; 17 a third flow meter.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings and the accompanying claims.
A kitchen waste rapid fertilizer making device comprises a three-stage main reactor, an infrared radiation heat preservation unit, a hot air supply unit and a condensed water leachate backflow unit.
The three-stage main reactor comprises three reactor bodies 3, the three reactor bodies 3 are arranged in parallel in the vertical direction and are respectively a first-stage reactor, a second-stage reactor and a third-stage reactor from top to bottom, and discharge holes 12 of the first-stage reactor and the second-stage reactor are respectively connected with feed holes 1 of the second-stage reactor and the third-stage reactor; each reactor main body 3 is coated with a heat-insulating material for heat insulation, and is internally provided with a double-helix material mixing and propelling device 4 for fully mixing the kitchen waste in the process of pushing the kitchen waste to a discharge port 12; the discharge port 12 and the feed port 1 are provided with rotary clapboards for controlling feeding and discharging;
the infrared radiation heat preservation unit comprises an infrared temperature controller 6, a thermocouple and an infrared heating lamp tube 5 which are all arranged at the top of the reactor main body 3, a probe of the thermocouple measures the temperature in the reactor, and the infrared temperature controller 6 controls the temperature in the reactor main body 3 by controlling the infrared heating lamp tube 5;
the hot air supply unit comprises a fan, an air duct, a flowmeter and a heat pump; the air duct is uniformly paved at the bottom of the reactor, the air duct in the primary reactor is sequentially connected with a first flowmeter 9, a first heat pump 8 and a first fan 7 outside, and an air outlet at the upper end of the primary reactor is connected with the first heat pump 8; the ventilation pipeline in the secondary reactor is sequentially connected with an external second flowmeter 15, a second heat pump 14 and a second fan 13, the second fan 13 is also connected with the first heat pump 8, and an air outlet at the upper end of the secondary reactor is connected with the second heat pump 14; an air duct in the three-stage reactor is sequentially connected with an external third flow meter 17 and a third fan 16, and the third fan 16 is also respectively communicated with external air and a second heat pump 14; the flow meter is used for controlling the ventilation quantity introduced into each stage of reactor; the heat pump is used for heating air to be fed into the reactor, cooling and releasing heat for the reacted saturated humidity hot outlet air, and introducing the cooled saturated humidity hot outlet air into the next-stage reactor through a fan of the next-stage reactor;
the condensed water percolate reflux unit comprises evaporated water condensate reflux plates 2, a water collecting tank 11, a water pump 10 and a spray head, wherein the two evaporated water condensate reflux plates 2 are arranged at the top of the primary reactor and are connected with the water collecting tank 11; a percolate outlet is arranged at the bottom of the primary reactor, and a filter screen is arranged on the percolate outlet and is connected with the water collecting tank 11; the spray heads are arranged at the top ends of the two-stage reactor and the three-stage reactor and are connected with a water collecting tank 11 through a water pump 10; condensed water dripped by the evaporated water condensation reflux plate 2 and percolate in reaction are collected in a water collecting tank 11 and sprayed to the secondary and tertiary reactors through a water pump 10.
The propelling directions of the double-helix material mixing and propelling device 4 are opposite, and a plate turning mechanism is arranged at the tail end of the forward-direction screw device; the forward screw device and the reverse screw device are connected through a screw driving mechanical structure to realize synchronous operation, and the speed of the forward screw device and the reverse screw device is controlled through a frequency conversion device. Transverse and longitudinal stirring blades or stirring rods are additionally arranged between blades in the reverse double helix in each stage of reactor, the distance between the blades is 0.1-1.0 m, and the density degree of the blades is adjusted according to the size and material characteristics of the reactor.
A method for rapidly preparing a fertilizer from kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
first stage reactor treatment
The primary reactor realizes primary dehydration of the kitchen waste, so that the kitchen waste is in a good solid state and replaces a conditioner. Filling kitchen waste into the primary reactor, controlling the infrared heating temperature to be 80-100 ℃, and controlling the ventilation quantity to be 5-10m3The inlet air temperature is maintained at 80-100 ℃, and the retention time is 24 hours; stirring the kitchen waste once per hour, and quickly dehydrating the kitchen waste in an infrared radiation and hot air coupling mode to reduce the water content of the kitchen waste to 55-60%; steam generated in the dehydration process is condensed at the top of the primary reactor and mixed with the bottom percolate to enter the water collecting tank 11, and after the primary reactor is dehydrated, kitchen waste enters the secondary reactor.
(II) two-stage reactor treatment
The secondary reactor is used for high-temperature fermentation of kitchen waste, promotes degradation of organic matters and kills pathogenic bacteria. Adding thermophilic microorganism before the secondary reactor operates for the first time, simultaneously, introducing the saturated humidity outlet gas of the primary reactor into the secondary reactor after heat exchange by a heat pump, wherein in the reaction process of the secondary reactor, the infrared radiation temperature is controlled to be 60-80 ℃, and the ventilation volume is controlled to be 1-5m3The air inlet temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and stirred once every 12 hours; after 3-4 days, the kitchen garbage in the secondary reactor exceeds 3/4 in volume and then is discharged and enters the tertiary reactor. In order to maintain the water content of the kitchen waste to be more than 55% in the reaction process, in the mixing and stirring process of the kitchen waste, the mixed liquid of condensed water and percolate is introduced from the water collecting tank 11 for spraying. In the process of the later-stage continuous operation, 1/6-1/8 is reserved in the discharge of the secondary reactor and is used for the inoculation starting of thermophilic microorganisms.
(III) three stage reactor treatment
The three-stage reactor is used for decomposing the kitchen waste to further decompose organic matters to form nutrient components required by plants. The secondary reactor is discharged from the gas heat pump for heat exchange and then enters the tertiary reactor, fresh air is supplemented, the temperature of the kitchen waste is maintained at 30-40 ℃, and the ventilation quantity is controlled at 1-5m3And h, uniformly mixing and stirring once every day, and introducing mixed liquor of condensed water and percolate from the water collecting tank 11 for spraying in the uniformly mixing and stirring process to maintain the water content of the pile body to be more than 55%. After staying for 6-8 days, discharging the material from the three-stage reactor to obtain the mature compost product of the kitchen waste.
The thermophilic microorganism is derived from dewatered sludge of a sewage treatment plant and is obtained by continuous high-temperature acclimation.
Claims (3)
1. A fast fertilizer preparation method of kitchen waste is characterized in that the method is realized based on a fast fertilizer preparation device of the kitchen waste, and the fast fertilizer preparation device of the kitchen waste comprises a three-stage main reactor, an infrared radiation heat preservation unit, a hot air supply unit and a condensate leachate reflux unit;
the three-stage main reactor comprises three reactor main bodies (3), the three reactor main bodies (3) are arranged in parallel in the vertical direction and respectively form a first-stage reactor, a second-stage reactor and a third-stage reactor from top to bottom, and discharge holes (12) of the first-stage reactor and the second-stage reactor are respectively connected with feed holes (1) of the second-stage reactor and the third-stage reactor; each reactor main body (3) is coated with a heat-insulating material for heat insulation, and a double-helix material mixing and propelling device (4) is arranged in each reactor main body and used for fully mixing kitchen garbage in the process of pushing the kitchen garbage to a discharge hole (12); the discharge port (12) and the feed port (1) are provided with rotary clapboards for controlling feeding and discharging;
the infrared radiation heat preservation unit comprises an infrared temperature controller (6), a thermocouple and an infrared heating lamp tube (5), the infrared temperature controller, the thermocouple and the infrared heating lamp tube are all arranged at the top of the reactor main body (3), a probe of the thermocouple is used for measuring the temperature in the reactor, and the infrared temperature controller (6) controls the temperature in the reactor main body (3) by controlling the infrared heating lamp tube (5);
the hot air supply unit comprises a fan, an air duct, a flowmeter and a heat pump; the air ducts are uniformly paved at the bottom of each stage of reactor, the air ducts in the first stage of reactor are sequentially connected with a first flowmeter (9), a first heat pump (8) and a first fan (7) outside, and an air outlet at the upper end of the first stage of reactor is connected with the first heat pump (8); an air duct in the secondary reactor is sequentially connected with an external second flowmeter (15), a second heat pump (14) and a second fan (13), the second fan (13) is also connected with the first heat pump (8), and an air outlet at the upper end of the secondary reactor is connected with the second heat pump (14); an air duct in the three-stage reactor is sequentially connected with an external third flowmeter (17) and a third fan (16), and the third fan (16) is also respectively communicated with external air and a second heat pump (14); the flow meter is used for controlling the ventilation quantity introduced into each stage of reactor; the heat pump is used for heating air to be fed into the reactor, cooling and releasing heat for the reacted saturated humidity hot outlet air, and introducing the cooled saturated humidity hot outlet air into the next-stage reactor through a fan of the next-stage reactor;
the condensed water percolate reflux unit comprises evaporated water condensed reflux plates (2), a water collecting tank (11), a water pump (10) and a spray head, wherein the two evaporated water condensed reflux plates (2) are arranged at the top of the primary reactor and are connected with the water collecting tank (11); a percolate outlet is arranged at the bottom of the primary reactor, and a filter screen is arranged on the percolate outlet and is connected with a water collecting tank (11); the spray heads are arranged at the top ends of the two-stage reactor and the three-stage reactor and are connected with a water collecting tank (11) through a water pump (10); condensed water dripped by the evaporated water condensation reflux plate (2) and percolate in the reaction are collected in a water collecting tank (11) and sprayed to a secondary reactor and a tertiary reactor through a water pump (10);
the method for quickly preparing the fertilizer from the kitchen garbage comprises the following steps:
first stage reactor treatment
Filling kitchen waste into the primary reactor, controlling the infrared heating temperature to be 80-100 ℃, and controlling the ventilation quantity to be 5-10m3The inlet air temperature is maintained at 80-100 ℃, and the retention time is 24 hours; stirring kitchen garbage per hourOnce, the kitchen waste is quickly dehydrated in an infrared radiation and hot air coupling mode, so that the water content of the kitchen waste is reduced to 55% -60%; steam generated in the dehydration process is condensed at the top of the primary reactor and mixed with the bottom percolate to enter a water collecting tank (11), and after the primary reactor is dehydrated, kitchen waste enters a secondary reactor;
(II) two-stage reactor treatment
Adding thermophilic microorganism before the secondary reactor operates for the first time, simultaneously, introducing the saturated humidity outlet gas of the primary reactor into the secondary reactor after heat exchange by a heat pump, wherein in the reaction process of the secondary reactor, the infrared radiation temperature is controlled to be 60-80 ℃, and the ventilation volume is controlled to be 1-5m3The air inlet temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and stirred once every 12 hours; discharging after 3-4 days when the kitchen garbage in the secondary reactor exceeds 3/4 g/L, and feeding into the tertiary reactor; in order to maintain the water content of the kitchen waste to be more than 55% in the reaction process, in the mixing and stirring process of the kitchen waste, the mixed liquid of condensed water and percolate is introduced from the water collecting tank (11) for spraying; in the later continuous operation process, 1/6-1/8 is left in the discharge of the secondary reactor and is used for inoculation starting of thermophilic microorganisms;
(III) three stage reactor treatment
The secondary reactor is discharged from the gas heat pump for heat exchange and then enters the tertiary reactor, fresh air is supplemented, the temperature of the kitchen waste is maintained at 30-40 ℃, and the ventilation quantity is controlled at 1-5m3Uniformly mixing and stirring once a day, introducing mixed liquor of condensed water and percolate from a water collecting tank (11) for spraying in the uniformly mixing and stirring process, and maintaining the water content of the pile body to be more than 55%; after staying for 6-8 days, discharging the material from the three-stage reactor to obtain the mature compost product of the kitchen waste.
2. The kitchen waste rapid fertilizer preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the propelling directions of the double-helix material mixing and propelling device (4) are opposite, and a plate turnover mechanism is arranged at the tail end of the forward-direction helix device; the forward screw device and the reverse screw device are connected through a screw driving mechanical structure to realize synchronous operation, and the speed of the forward screw device and the reverse screw device is controlled through a frequency conversion device; transverse and longitudinal stirring blades or stirring rods are additionally arranged between blades in the reverse double helix in each stage of reactor, the distance between the blades is 0.1-1.0 m, and the density degree of the blades is adjusted according to the size and material characteristics of the reactor.
3. The method for rapidly preparing the fertilizer by the kitchen waste according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the thermophilic microorganism is derived from dehydrated sludge of a sewage treatment plant and is obtained by continuous high-temperature acclimation.
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