CN109278547A - 悬架系统 - Google Patents

悬架系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109278547A
CN109278547A CN201810792949.8A CN201810792949A CN109278547A CN 109278547 A CN109278547 A CN 109278547A CN 201810792949 A CN201810792949 A CN 201810792949A CN 109278547 A CN109278547 A CN 109278547A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
unit
motor vehicles
motor
rear axle
driving
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201810792949.8A
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English (en)
Inventor
彼得·克里斯托夫·沃尔夫
拉尔夫·辛茨恩
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Application filed by Ford Global Technologies LLC filed Critical Ford Global Technologies LLC
Publication of CN109278547A publication Critical patent/CN109278547A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/02—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of clutch
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    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
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    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有连接两个车轮(2)并且由两个片簧单元(4)承载的后桥(1)的机动车辆，其中每个片簧单元(4)一方面可枢转地连接到车辆车身(41)并且另一方面还枢转地连接到可枢转地连接到车辆车身(41)的连接臂(5)。为了提供一种用于具有霍奇基斯驱动装置的机动车辆的改进的驱动装置，根据本发明提出，后桥(1)具有用于车轮(2)的两个驱动轴(6)以及驱动单元(10)，驱动单元(10)相对于车辆车身(41)是自支撑的，并且具有电动马达单元(12)以及与其连接的连接驱动轴(6)的差速器(14)。

Description

悬架系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有权利要求1的前序部分的特征的机动车辆，该机动车辆具有连接两个车轮并且由两个片簧单元承载的后桥，其中每个片簧单元一方面可枢转地连接到车辆车身，并且另一方面还可枢转地连接到连接臂，该连接臂可枢转地连接到车辆车身。
背景技术
在机动车辆的情况下，用于车辆车轮的各种悬架在本领域中是已知的。特别地，可以区分：目前几乎仅用于乘用车辆的单车轮悬架和主要用于商用车辆的后桥的刚性桥悬架。在后一种情况下，两侧的两个车轮位于通常通过片簧或控制臂相对于车身弹簧安装的单个连续桥上。
这种类型的典型设计是所谓的霍奇基斯(Hotchkiss)驱动装置，其中连续桥支撑在沿车辆的纵向方向延伸的单个片簧或片簧总成的两侧上。每个片簧在前端处可枢转地连接到车辆车身(例如长梁)。在后端处，通过一方面可枢转地连接到片簧并且另一方面可枢转地连接到车辆车身的连接臂或支架元件进行间接连接。连接臂或这种支架元件通常大致垂直延伸。它们的功能是在片簧变形期间允许长度补偿。
在这种情况下，也可以在某些状况下驱动后桥，其中驱动轴从车辆前部分的内燃发动机引导到位于桥上的差速器，通过该差速器驱动两侧的车轮。
US 8,673,068 B2公开了一种用于混合动力电动车辆的驱动单元。驱动单元包含：锥形小齿轮，其具有与能量源的驱动连接；锥齿轮，其与锥形小齿轮啮合并且与桥、第一驱动轴和第二驱动轴对齐。此外，驱动单元包含差速机构，其具有固定到锥齿轮的输入端，用于在输入端与第一和第二驱动轴之间传递能量；电动马达/发电机，其具有转子；以及行星齿轮，其具有到输入端和转子的驱动连接，以这样方式在转子和输入端之间传递能量使得转子的速度大于输入端的速度。
US 7,549,940 B2公开了一种用于车辆的动力传递装置，以用于将来自驱动源的驱动力传递到右桥和左桥。该动力传递装置包含壳体、与该驱动源连接的用于降低速度的行星齿轮、与行星齿轮同轴设置并且与右桥和左桥连接的差速器、以及设置在壳体的下部区域的油箱。差速器具有差速器壳体，该差速器壳体与行星齿轮的行星支撑件一体地构造。行星支撑件包含沿轴向彼此间隔开的第一和第二环形元件以及用于连接第一和第二环形元件的多个连接部分，其中连接部分沿第一和第二环形元件的径向具有向外的大致V形开口。
US 7,713,164 B2公开了一种用于在驱动负载的车辆动力传动系统中控制换挡的系统。该系统包含具有输入轴和输出轴的变速器、连接到驱动轴的发动机；连接到驱动轴的电机；用于交替地关闭和打开发动机和输出轴之间的驱动连接的输入离合器；以及控制器，该控制器构造成将输入离合器的扭矩容量减小到大小为在负载处产生预定扭矩，以释放当前齿轮和输出轴之间的驱动连接，以在目标齿轮和输出轴之间产生驱动连接，并且使用电机来产生如此大小的扭矩：以在负载处产生预定大小的扭矩。
US 8,647,231 B2公开了一种用于操作车辆动力传动系统的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：使用电动马达驱动第一车轮，使用由发动机驱动的第二电动马达在具有期望的接合挡位的变速器的输入端处产生同步速度；接合连接所述输入端和发动机的离合器；并且使用发动机和变速器来驱动第二车轮。
US 2012/0022731 A1公开了一种用于起动车辆的动力传动系统。该动力传动系统包含发动机、可驱动地连接到机器的发电机、可驱动地连接到第一组车轮的变速器、用于连接和断开变速器和发动机的离合器以及电连接到发电机的电池。电机可驱动地连接到第二组车轮并且电连接到电池。控制器配置为确定车辆起动条件的存在并且以串联驱动模式操作动力传动系统。
鉴于现有技术的状况，如所公开的，为具有霍奇基斯驱动装置的机动车辆的驱动装置提供了改进的余地。
发明内容
本发明解决的问题在于为具有霍奇基斯驱动装置的机动车辆提供改进的驱动装置。
根据本发明，该问题通过具有权利要求1的特征的机动车辆来解决，其中从属权利要求涉及本发明的有利实施例。
应该指出的是，在以下描述中，单独指定的特征和措施可以以任何技术上有意义的方式彼此组合并且公开了本发明的其他实施例。该描述特别地结合附图来表征和指定本发明。
本发明提供一种机动车辆。机动车辆是通常具有至少四个车轮的双辙道路车辆(例如卡车、客货车或乘客车辆)。机动车辆具有连接两个车轮的后桥。因此，后桥是两个车轮都设置在其上的刚性桥。在这种情况下，后桥由两个片状悬架单元承载。在这种情况下，每个片簧单元用于以可进行弹簧压缩的方式来支撑后桥。片簧单元沿着车辆的纵向轴线(X轴)延伸。一方面，片簧单元在前端处(通过第一枢转轴线)可枢转地连接到车身。片簧单元包含至少一个片簧，作为本发明的一部分，片簧的形状可以不同地构造，例如其可以是半椭圆形、抛物线形、波浪形等。在这种情况下，多个片簧可形成一个或多个弹簧总成。片簧单元通常大致沿车辆纵向轴线的方向延伸。车辆车身尤其可以是车辆的底盘和/或车身。每个片簧单元承载后桥，即后桥至少间接地支撑在片簧单元上(或反之亦然)。
另一方面，片簧单元在后端处(通过第二枢转轴线)可枢转地连接至连接臂，连接臂又(通过第三枢转轴线)可枢转地连接至车辆车身。也可以设置多个连接臂，或者一个连接臂可以是多部件设计。每个连接臂在设计上优选地具有固有的刚性。在每种情况下，片簧单元的后端由于相应的连接臂而可相对于车辆车身移动。换句话说，尽管前端至少相对于车辆车身大致位置固定并且只能围绕第一轴线枢转，但后端由于通过连接臂的间接附接而可相对于车辆车身移位。以这种方式，在片簧单元的压缩期间可以平衡其变形。例如，半椭圆形片簧在压缩过程中伸长，使得两端之间的距离更大。通常，第一、第二和第三枢转轴线平行于车辆的横向轴线(Y轴线)延伸。在这种情况下，相应弹簧总成的运动发生在X-Z平面内。因此该基本设计对应于霍奇基斯驱动装置。
在这种情况下，后桥具有用于车轮的两个驱动轴以及相对于车辆车身自支撑的驱动单元，并且驱动单元具有电动马达单元以及与其连接的连接驱动轴的差速器。例如，在这种情况下的电动马达单元具有可以构造为AC(交流)或DC(直流)马达的至少一个电动马达。差速器连接到马达单元，其中包括有时分离的可能情况。在这种情况下，“连接”意味着驱动力从马达单元传递到差速器。两个驱动轴将来自差速器的驱动力传递给两个车轮。在这种情况下，差速器可以是允许驱动轴独立旋转的任何类型的齿轮机构(例如锥齿轮差速器或正齿轮差速器)。在这种情况下，马达单元和差速器是相对于车辆车身自支撑的驱动单元的一部分。换句话说，驱动单元设置在后桥上并且因此仅通过片簧单元和连接臂间接地连接到车辆车身。因此驱动单元可以在弹簧偏转的框架内相对于车辆车身移动。在这种情况下已经证明，后桥上的这种驱动单元可以集成在一起，而不会对驾驶性能产生明显的负面影响。在后桥上通常还有足够的装配空间来集成这种驱动单元。
例如，可以通过这种驱动单元为后桥提供独立的电力驱动装置，这可以在某些情况下提供额外的扭矩。然而，例如，驱动单元也可以用于发动机或发电机的制动器，以便例如支持现有的车轮制动器。由于驱动单元直接设置在后桥上，因此不再需要将机械力传递到后桥。另一个优点是由于本发明的驱动系统可以完全集成在车桥中，所以在电动车辆的情况下节省了关于高压电池所需的空间的装配空间。此外，车身不需要用于驱动装置的额外悬架点，其中另外也不需要为容纳重型电动马达并且支撑其扭矩的地板加强件。
驱动单元优选地具有至少一个联轴器，至少一个驱动轴可以通过该联轴器与马达单元分离。这当然适合于电动马达单元不工作的驱动情况(例如由于当前没有可用的驱动能量)。这种联轴器例如可以设置在一个传动轴和差速器之间。通过释放相应的联轴器，配属于该驱动轴的车轮与差速器分离，结果是大体上没有动力从驱动单元通过差速器传递到另一个驱动轴。
即使具有足够坚固的电动马达单元配置，驱动单元也可以设计为相对紧凑。为了更有效地保护马达单元和差速器免受灰尘、湿气和机械影响，驱动单元优选地具有传动箱，马达单元和差速器设置在该传动箱中。在这种情况下，传动箱在一定程度上形成保护位于其中的部件的舱。传动箱当然可以由两个或更多个部分组成。正如其他部件一样，前述的联轴器也可以设置在传动箱内。
每个驱动轴优选地至少部分地设置在轴壳体中，该轴壳体连接到传动箱。这种轴壳体通常在其长度上至少大部分上同心地包围驱动轴，并且例如也可以具有一个或多个轴承，通过该轴承可旋转地安装驱动轴。轴壳体还可以构成对轴承或驱动轴的防尘或防潮的保护。由于每个驱动轴附接到位于传动箱中的差速器，因此原则上可以始终实现本文描述的其中每个轴壳体连接到传动箱的设计。还可以叙述的是，传动箱和两个轴壳体形成壳体组，壳体组中至少封装有负责驱动车轮的多个机械部件。
原则上，马达单元与差速器的直接连接可以是这样的方式，例如直接连接到马达的轴的齿轮与差速器的齿轮(通常与行星齿轮架)相互作用。马达单元优选地通过减速齿轮连接到差速器。在这种情况下，例如，发动机的齿轮可以通过减速齿轮的单个中间齿轮与差速器的行星齿轮架连接。当然也可以想到更复杂的实施例。
根据一个实施例，机动车辆具有内燃发动机以驱动前桥，其中后桥与内燃发动机机械地分离。换句话说，内燃发动机可机械地连接到前桥，以便驱动所述桥。相比之下，后桥非机械地连接到内燃发动机，例如通过驱动轴等。然而，后桥的驱动力可以由内燃发动机间接地产生，例如以这样的方式：内燃发动机连接到发电机，发电机又为电动马达单元提供能量。
即使如上所述地可想到马达单元与发电机直接连接，但有利的是车辆具有向马达单元供应能量的至少一个电池单元。借助于可以具有一个或多个电池的电池单元，马达单元具有可用于其的持久能量供应(当然，取决于电池单元的充电状态)。电池单元当然是可充电的，即它也可以称为蓄电池单元。作为对连接到上述发电机的修改，这种电池单元可以在一定程度上以这样的方式设置在其间：使得发电机对电池单元充电并且马达单元从电池单元获取能量。然而，电池单元也可以独立于这种发电机的存在而设置，其中可以在必要时(例如通过将其连接到主电源)对其充电。
虽然驱动单元相对于车辆车身以自支撑的方式设置在后桥上并且因此在弹簧压缩期间跟随其运动，但优选的是，至少一个电池单元紧固到车辆车身。其原因很简单，高性能电池通常很重且相对较大。直接设置在驱动单元上(换句话说在桥上)将导致非簧载质量的显著增加，并且还可能引起与后桥区域中的装配空间有关的问题。
虽然电池单元可以通过配属于内燃发动机的发电机或通过主电源进行充电，但是在再生模式下也可以至少部分地通过电动马达单元进行充电。在这种情况下，马达单元可以作为发电机运行，以便为至少一个电池单元充电。例如，可以提供，在制动动作期间存在自动能量回收，其中由马达单元作为发电机进行部分制动，因此将动能转换成电能并且将其存储在至少一个电池单元中。在某些情况下也可以想到后桥在一定程度上由前桥及其内燃发动机牵引，其中马达单元通过后桥的车轮驱动并且作为发电机为电池单元产生能量。
在某些情况下，可以提供车辆可以仅通过后桥由马达单元驱动。换句话说，可以完全省去内燃发动机来驱动前桥，或者可以提供在内燃发动机不工作或不连接到前桥的某些行驶情况下替代地仅通过后桥的电动马达单元进行驱动。也可以设想，内燃发动机与前桥机械地分离，但是通过发电机(有或没有插入电池单元)为电动马达单元提供能量。
附图说明
在附图中描绘的示例性实施例的帮助下更详细地解释本发明的其他有利的细节和效果。在图中：
图1示出了根据本发明的机动车辆的示意性侧视图；
图2示出了来自图1的车辆的示意性仰视图；和
图3示出了来自图1的车辆的驱动单元的示意性截面图。
在不同的附图中，相同的部件总是提供有相同的附图标记，因此它们通常也只被描述一次。
具体实施方式
图1和2示出了根据本发明的机动车辆40(例如客货车)的不同视图。在这种情况下的表示是高度示意性和简化的。构造为平行于Y轴延伸的刚性桥的后桥1紧固到大致沿X轴方向延伸的两个片簧4，后桥1通过片簧4以弹簧安装的方式紧固在车辆车身41(例如车辆底盘)。在当前情况下构造为半椭圆形弹簧的片簧4尤其可以由弹簧钢或合适的纤维增强塑料制成。在当前情况下，片簧4形成片簧单元，片簧单元也可以可选地构造为多个片簧的总成。后桥1连接设置在两侧的两个车轮2。
在前端4.1处，每个片簧4可枢转地连接到车辆车身41。在后端4.2处，片簧4分别可枢转地连接到连接臂5，连接臂5又可枢转地连接到车辆车身41。在这种情况下，所示的车身因此对应于霍奇基斯驱动装置。总体而言，连接臂5允许后端4.2在X-Z平面内的运动(更确切地说，绕连接臂5的枢转轴线相对于车辆车身41的旋转)，结果是，可以平衡片簧4在压缩期间的变形。
后桥1具有用于两个车轮2的两个驱动轴6以及驱动单元10，驱动单元10在图3中以截面图详细示出。在这种情况下，图3中的表示也是高度示意性的。驱动单元10具有传动箱11，其用于保护各种部件免受机械损伤、灰尘和湿气的影响。电动马达12设置在箱11内，电动马达12通过第一齿轮13与变速器齿轮机构的第二齿轮15相互作用。第二齿轮15继而将电动马达12的驱动力传递到差速器14(在当前情况下构造为锥齿轮差速器)。驱动力借助于差速器14被传递到相应的驱动轴6，驱动轴6可旋转地设置在连接到传动箱11的轴壳体7中。驱动轴6可以通过联轴器16与电动马达12分离，并且然后在某种程度上以自支撑的方式定位。整个驱动单元10设置在后桥1上并且可根据弹簧偏转来相对于车辆车身41移动。换句话说，驱动单元10是相对于车辆车身41自支撑的。
通过连接到两个电池单元20的两个第一线路21来保证电动马达12的能量供应。电池单元20与驱动单元10分开地设置在车辆车身41上或内部，因此是簧载质量的一部分。每个电池单元20包含一个或多个蓄电池，并且因此是可充电的。在这种情况下，电池单元20的充电一方面可以通过由发电机24供电的两条线路22进行，发电机24机械地连接到机动车辆40的内燃发动机23上。通常，另外或者也可替代地，为了通过发电机24进行充电，电动马达12例如可以在制动动作期间作为发电机运行，并且电能可以通过第一线路21供给到电池单元20。除了电池单元20的可能的充电之外，内燃发动机23用作机动车辆40的前桥30的车轮31的机械驱动装置。虽然内燃发动机23可间接地(通过发电机24、电池单元20和电动马达12)提供用于驱动后桥1的能量，但后桥1与内燃发动机23机械地分离。
总的来说，借助于内燃发动机23以及电动马达12操作具有四轮驱动装置的车辆40是可能的。在这种情况下，电动马达12可以例如不时地提供额外的扭矩。当然在本文也可以设想，仅内燃发动机23或者仅电动马达12偶尔用作驱动装置。电动马达12也可以用于后桥1上的车轮2的马达或发电机制动。
在本发明的框架内，可以想到在这种情况下示出的实施例的不同变体。例如，内燃发动机23和发电机24可以完全省去，并且电动马达12可以代表车辆40的单个驱动装置。在这种情况下，电池单元20在必要时可以通过连接到一个主电源来充电。内燃发动机23也可以暂时或永久地与前桥30的车轮31机械地分离，并且仅用于通过发电机24产生能量。此外，电池单元20可以被省去并且发电机24直接连接到电动马达12。
附图标记列表：
1 后桥
2、31 车轮
4 片簧
4.1 前端
4.2 后端
5 连接臂
6 驱动轴
7 轴壳体
10 驱动单元
11 传动箱
12 电动马达
13、15 齿轮
14 差速器
16 联轴器
20 电池单元
21、22 线路
23 内燃发动机
24 发电机
30 前桥
X X轴
Y Y轴
Z Z轴

Claims (10)

1.一种机动车辆，具有连接两个车轮(2)并且由两个片簧单元(4)承载的后桥(1)，其中每个片簧单元(4)一方面可枢转地连接到车辆车身(41)并且另一方面还可枢转地连接到可枢转地连接到所述车辆车身(41)的连接臂(5)，
其特征在于，
所述后桥(1)具有用于所述车轮(2)的两个驱动轴(6)以及驱动单元(10)，所述驱动单元(10)是相对于所述车辆车身(41)自支撑的并且具有电动马达单元(12)和与所述电动马达单元(12)连接的差速器(14)，所述差速器(14)连接所述驱动轴(6)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机动车辆，
其特征在于，
所述驱动单元(10)具有至少一个联轴器(16)，至少一个驱动轴(6)能够通过所述联轴器(16)来与所述马达单元(12)分离。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的机动车辆，
其特征在于，
所述驱动单元(10)具有传动箱(11)，所述马达单元(12)和所述差速器(14)设置在所述传动箱(11)中。
4.根据权利要求3所述的机动车辆，
其特征在于，
每个驱动轴(6)至少部分地设置在连接到所述传动箱(11)的轴壳体(7)中。
5.根据前述权利要求之一所述的机动车辆，
其特征在于，
所述马达单元(12)通过减速齿轮(15)来与所述差速器(14)连接。
6.根据前述权利要求之一所述的机动车辆，
其特征在于，
所述机动车辆具有用于驱动前桥(30)的内燃发动机(23)，其中所述后桥(1)与所述内燃发动机(23)机械地分离。
7.根据前述权利要求之一所述的机动车辆，
其特征在于，
所述机动车辆具有向所述马达单元(12)供应能量的至少一个电池单元(20)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的机动车辆，
其特征在于，
所述至少一个电池单元(20)紧固在所述车辆车身(41)上。
9.根据前述权利要求之一所述的机动车辆，
其特征在于，
所述马达单元(12)能够作为发电机运行，以便为所述至少一个电池单元(20)充电。
10.根据前述权利要求之一所述的机动车辆，
其特征在于，
所述机动车辆能够由所述马达单元(12)仅通过所述后桥(1)驱动。
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