CN109265609B - 一种接枝中空球及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- HKVFISRIUUGTIB-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;cerium;nitrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Ce].[O-][N+]([O-])=O HKVFISRIUUGTIB-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 239000011246 composite particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F251/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F251/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
- C08F251/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polysaccharides or derivatives thereof on to cellulose or derivatives thereof
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种接枝中空球及其制备方法,它采用一定浓度和配比的壳聚糖和羧甲基纤维素钠溶液混合,并加入丙烯酰胺作为接枝单体以及硝酸铈铵作为引发剂,在恒温70℃条件下,经快速和慢速搅拌反应一定时间,可得直径在6~15mm之间的壳聚糖‑丙烯酰胺‑羧甲基纤维素钠接枝中空球。该制备工艺简单,无需模板粒子,得到的中空球结构稳定。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种接枝中空球及其制备方法,属于高分子材料技术领域。
背景技术
中空球,尤其是中空微球,具有类似细胞膜的双层膜结构特性,在生物医学、化学工业、环境治理以及食品卫生等领域具有广阔的应用前景,受到研究人员的重视。目前,制备中空球的主要方法是模板法,即首先制备具有一定尺度的的粒子(该粒子可以被溶解或分解的方式在形成中空球后除去),然后在模板粒子表面交替沉积电荷相反的电解质,实现多层吸附沉淀,当吸附沉淀到所需要的层数后,将模板粒子除去,即可得到纳米级或微米级中空结构的微球(Pastorino, L., Erokhina, S., Erokhin, V., 2013. SmartNanoengineered Polymeric Capsules as Ideal Pharmaceutical Carriers. CurrentOrganic Chemistry 17, 58-64)。李云兴等也公开了一种单分散壳聚糖中空微球的制备方法,其方法是在搅拌条件下将聚苯乙烯微球分散液加入到壳聚糖酸性水溶液中,再加入交联剂交联壳聚糖分子,获得聚苯乙烯/壳聚糖复合粒子。最后将复合粒子加入到特定的有机溶剂中移除聚苯乙烯模板微球,获得壳聚糖中空微球(CN102658072A)。该类方法无论采用单一材料还是复合材料,都需要先制备模板粒子,操作步骤繁杂,制备周期长,质量难以控制。文献报导的方法多为微纳米尺度中空球的制备,用于制备毫米尺度的中空球则比较困难。另外由电荷相反的电解质形成的中空球其物理和化学结构不稳定,在复杂的使用过程中由于介质pH的变化或其它反应性物质的存在下,易发生解离和化学反应,从而破坏其中空结构,因此将两种电解质进行接枝共聚,形成更稳定的多元共聚物则可以克服此缺点。
发明内容
本发明的主要设想是不采用模板粒子,并利用引入单体接枝将壳聚糖和羧甲基纤维素钠三元共聚的方法制备毫米尺度的中空球。
本发明中接枝中空球的制备方法具体如下所述(以下所述溶液的浓度均为质量体积浓度,单位g/ml)。
(1) 配制1.0%的壳聚糖酸性溶液50ml,酸性溶液为1.0%的醋酸水溶液。
(2) 配制浓度为0.8~1.2%的羧甲基纤维素钠水溶液100ml。
(3) 称取引发剂硝酸铈铵0.05g, 溶于10ml 水中。
(4) 将羧甲基纤维素钠溶液和壳聚糖酸性溶液混合,再加入一定质量的丙烯酰胺作为接枝单体。
(5)加入上述步骤(3)配制的引发剂溶液,温度控制在70℃,先快速搅拌3分钟,然后慢速搅拌3~5小时,可得直径在6~15mm之间的中空球。
本发明制得的壳聚糖-丙烯酰胺-羧甲基纤维素钠接枝中空球为白色半透明中空球,直径在6~15mm之间。该制备方法工艺简单,无需采用模板粒子,制备得到的中空球结构稳定。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,对本发明内容作进一步的说明,但本发明的实现方式并不局限于此。
实施例1:配制50ml的醋酸水溶液,称取0.5g重均分子量为10万的壳聚糖,搅拌溶解,静置12小时。称取1.0g羧甲基纤维素钠,配制100 ml的1.0%的羧甲基纤维素钠溶液。称取引发剂硝酸铈铵0.05g, 溶于10ml 水中。将羧甲基纤维素钠溶液和壳聚糖酸性溶液混合,再加入质量为0.75g的丙烯酰胺作为接枝单体。在70℃的恒温水浴中,加入引发剂溶液,先快速搅拌3分钟,搅拌速度为300转/分,然后慢速搅拌3小时,搅拌速度为30转/分,即可得直径在6~15mm的壳聚糖-丙烯酰胺-羧甲基纤维素钠中空球。
实施例2:配制50ml的醋酸水溶液,称取0.5g重均分子量为20万的壳聚糖,搅拌溶解,静置12小时。称取0.8g羧甲基纤维素钠,配制100 ml的0.8%的羧甲基纤维素钠溶液,称取引发剂硝酸铈铵0.05g, 溶于10ml 水中。将羧甲基纤维素钠溶液和壳聚糖酸性溶液混合,再加入质量为0.5g的丙烯酰胺作为接枝单体。在70℃的恒温水浴中,加入引发剂溶液,先快速搅拌3分钟,搅拌速度为450转/分,然后慢速搅拌4小时,搅拌速度为45转/分,即可得直径在6~15mm的壳聚糖-丙烯酰胺-羧甲基纤维素钠中空球。
实施例3:配制50ml的醋酸水溶液,称取0.5g重均分子量为10万的壳聚糖,搅拌溶解,静置12小时。称取1.2g羧甲基纤维素钠,配制100 ml的1.2%的羧甲基纤维素钠溶液,称取引发剂硝酸铈铵0.05g, 溶于10ml 水中。将羧甲基纤维素钠溶液和壳聚糖酸性溶液混合,再加入质量为1.0g的丙烯酰胺作为接枝单体。在70℃的恒温水浴中,加入引发剂溶液,先快速搅拌3分钟,搅拌速度为360转/分,然后慢速搅拌5小时,搅拌速度为60转/分,即可得直径在6~15mm的壳聚糖-丙烯酰胺-羧甲基纤维素钠中空球。
Claims (1)
1.一种接枝中空球的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:采用一定浓度和配比的壳聚糖和羧甲基纤维素钠溶液混合,其中壳聚糖浓度为1.0%(w/v),溶剂为1.0%(w/v)的醋酸水溶液,羧甲基纤维素钠溶液的浓度为0.8~1.2%(w/v)之间,溶剂为水,壳聚糖和羧甲基纤维素钠溶液的体积比为1:2,并加入丙烯酰胺作为接枝单体以及硝酸铈铵作为引发剂,在70℃的恒温条件下,经快速搅拌3分钟,搅拌速度在300~450转/分之间,慢速搅拌3~5小时,搅拌速度在30~60转/分之间,反应得到直径在6~15mm之间的壳聚糖-丙烯酰胺-羧甲基纤维素钠接枝中空球。
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