CN109244578A - A kind of recovery method of waste lithium cell valuable metal - Google Patents
A kind of recovery method of waste lithium cell valuable metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN109244578A CN109244578A CN201811053021.4A CN201811053021A CN109244578A CN 109244578 A CN109244578 A CN 109244578A CN 201811053021 A CN201811053021 A CN 201811053021A CN 109244578 A CN109244578 A CN 109244578A
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- box body
- groove
- crushing
- lithium battery
- shaped groove
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003437 trachea Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002146 bilateral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 20
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 lithium hexafluorophosphate Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000005677 organic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/26—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with knives which both reciprocate and rotate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/22—Crushing mills with screw-shaped crushing means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
- B02C23/14—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with more than one separator
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/02—Roasting processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to lithium battery recovery technology field, specifically a kind of recovery method of waste lithium cell valuable metal, this method comprises the following steps: lithium battery being transported in the electric discharge pond full of electrolyte by suspended chain and carries out discharge treatment；As suspended chain is moved to waste liquid chamber, lithium battery is punched by waste liquid indoor suspension device；Spray chamber is transported to by suspended chain to be cleaned；Suspended chain carries lithium battery and is transported to above screening installation, and release lithium battery enters lithium battery in screening installation to be crushed one by one；Positive and negative pole material is transported by conveyer belt and is roasted into roaster；Solid after roasting is transported to magnetic screening machine by conveyer belt and filters out magnetic material and nonmagnetics；Magnetic material and nonmagnetics are transported by conveyer belt respectively and sieved into particle automatic screening machine by grain size category.The present invention realizes the classification recycling of the good iron of valuable metal cobalt in lithium battery, copper, nickel, and simple process, the rate of recovery are high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium battery recovery, and particularly relates to a method for recovering valuable metals of waste lithium batteries.
Background
The lithium battery mainly contains lithium cobaltate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, organic carbonate, carbon materials, copper, aluminum, nickel, manganese and the like. The interior of a common battery consists of main parts such as a positive electrode, electrolyte, a negative electrode and the like, a metal aluminum shell is coated outside the battery, and the outermost layer of the surfaces of the battery is also coated with a plastic shell. The lithium battery mainly comprises 5-23% of cobalt, 0-10% of nickel, 2-7% of lithium, 5-11% of copper, 3-10% of aluminum, 3-15% of organic matters, 1-7% of plastics and the like. The production of lithium batteries consumes a large amount of nonferrous metals, wherein the dosage of cobalt accounts for about 50 percent of the total consumption of the domestic cobalt. The amount of cobalt metal resources in China is about 140 ten thousand, the vast majority of the cobalt metal resources are associated resources, and the single cobalt deposit is extremely few. The cobalt ore in China has low grade and is recycled as the by-product of the copper and nickel ore mountain, and the metal recovery rate and the production cost are high because the grade is low and the production process is complex in the production process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for recovering valuable metals of waste lithium batteries. The method realizes the classified recovery of the valuable metals such as cobalt, copper and nickel and iron in the lithium battery through multiple steps of crushing, roasting, magnetic separation and the like, has simple process and high recovery rate, adopts the separation equipment to rotate while the crushing hammer moves up and down so as to drive the crushing cutter to rotate and roll and cut the waste lithium battery, reduces the crushing effect of the lithium battery by adopting a cutting and rolling mode, reduces the noise during working and optimizes the working environment, thereby fully separating the valuable metals and improving the recovery rate.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the invention relates to a method for recovering valuable metals of waste lithium batteries, which comprises the following steps:
s1: transporting the lithium battery to a battery discharging device filled with electrolyte through a suspension chain for discharging treatment;
s2: after the lithium battery is subjected to discharging treatment in S1, the lithium battery moves to a waste liquid chamber along with a suspension chain, and the lithium battery is punched through suspension equipment in the waste liquid chamber to release electrolyte in the lithium battery;
s3: after the electrolyte is released by S2, the lithium battery is conveyed to a spray room through a suspension chain for cleaning, and a hot air pipe is arranged at an outlet of the spray room for drying the washed lithium battery;
s4: s3, carrying the lithium batteries by the suspension chain, conveying the lithium batteries to the upper part of the sorting equipment, and releasing the lithium batteries one by one to enable the lithium batteries to enter the sorting equipment for crushing to obtain positive and negative electrode materials;
s5: the positive and negative electrode materials flow out of the sorting equipment in S4 and then fall onto a conveyor belt, and the positive and negative electrode materials are conveyed to a roasting furnace by the conveyor belt to be roasted;
s6: conveying the solid roasted in the S5 to a magnetic screening machine through a conveying belt to screen out magnetic substances and non-magnetic substances;
s7: respectively conveying the magnetic substance and the non-magnetic substance in the S6 to an automatic particle screening machine through a conveyer belt to be screened according to the particle size grade;
the sorting equipment in the S4 comprises a box body, a primary sorting unit and a secondary sorting unit, wherein a circular truncated cone-shaped groove is formed in the middle of the upper surface of the box body, the size of the upper end of the circular truncated cone-shaped groove is large, the size of the lower end of the circular truncated cone-shaped groove is small, a rectangular groove is formed in the middle of the lower surface of the box body, a filter hole is formed in the box body between the circular truncated cone-shaped groove and the rectangular groove, a cover plate is arranged above the box body, a collecting hopper is arranged at the bottom; the cover plate is provided with a feed inlet above the truncated cone-shaped groove, and the feed inlet is communicated with the truncated cone-shaped groove of the box body; the primary sorting unit is positioned in a circular table-shaped groove of the box body and used for crushing and screening the waste lithium batteries for the first time to separate plastic and metal composite materials; the rolling rod vertically penetrates through a through hole of the cover plate, a spiral groove is formed in the circumferential surface of the rolling rod, and the sliding pin is located in the spiral groove; the pressing plate is arranged at the top end of the rolling plate, the pressing plate is positioned above the cover plate, the rolling rod is sleeved with a first spring, the upper end of the first spring is connected with the pressing plate, and the lower end of the first spring is connected with the cover plate; the cam is positioned above the pressure plate, is in contact with the pressure plate and is used for periodically pushing the pressure plate to move downwards; the motor is used for driving the cam to rotate; the breaking hammer is fixed at the lower end of the grinding rod, and the lower end of the breaking hammer is of a spherical crown structure; the crushing knife is arranged at the bottom of the crushing hammer; the first air bag is positioned below the pressure plate and fixed on the cover plate; a plastic outlet is formed in the side wall of the box body and communicated with the rectangular groove of the box body; the sprayer is arranged in the rectangular groove of the box body, the sprayer is positioned below the filtering hole, the sprayer and the plastic outlet are positioned at the same height, the sprayer is connected with the first air bag through an air pipe, the first sprayer blows the crushed materials falling from the filtering hole to blow the plastic out of the plastic outlet for separation, and the box body is provided with a collecting box outside the plastic outlet; the secondary sorting unit is positioned in a rectangular groove at the lower part of the box body and is used for crushing and screening the metal composite material screened by the primary sorting unit again to separate out positive and negative electrode materials and waste residues; wherein,
the two-stage sorting unit comprises a storage cylinder, a crushing shaft and a driving device, the storage cylinder is horizontally fixed in a rectangular groove of the box body, the height of the storage cylinder is lower than that of the plastic outlet, a feeding hole is formed in the upper surface of the storage cylinder, a discharging hole is formed in the bottom of the storage cylinder, and a filter screen is arranged at the position of the discharging hole; the crushing shaft is horizontally arranged in the material storage barrel, and two sections of spiral pieces with opposite rotation directions are symmetrically arranged on the crushing shaft from left to right; the driving device is used for driving the crushing shaft to rotate. When the crushing device works, waste lithium batteries are put into a box body through a feeding hole, then a motor rotates to drive a cam to move, the cam presses a pressing plate down periodically, a rolling rod moves up and down periodically under the action of the elastic force of a spring I, meanwhile, the pressing plate moves up and down to enable an air bag I to generate compressed air, a spiral groove is formed in the surface of the rolling rod, the rolling rod rotates while moving down along a through hole of a cover plate, so that a crushing hammer is driven to rotate while moving down, a crushing knife rolls and rotationally cuts the waste lithium batteries, the crushing effect of the waste lithium batteries is improved, after the crushed lithium batteries pass through a filter hole under the action of gravity, air blown out of a nozzle enables plastics in crushed materials to be blown out from a plastic outlet in the falling process, the blown plastics fall into a collecting box, metal composite materials fall into a material storage barrel through the feeding hole, and a driving device drives a crushing shaft to, the metal composite material in the storage cylinder is smashed once more by the spiral piece, and positive negative pole material has fallen by the discharge opening, has realized the separation of positive negative pole material and waste residue, and positive negative pole material that has fallen by the discharge opening flows out the box through the discharge gate and realizes collecting.
An arc-shaped groove penetrating through the side face is formed in the breaking hammer, and a rack is arranged in the arc-shaped groove; the rack is of an arc-shaped structure, the number of the racks is two, the racks are attached to the upper surface and the lower surface of the arc-shaped groove, the racks are arranged in the arc-shaped groove of the breaking hammer in a bilateral symmetry mode, the two racks are connected in the arc-shaped groove through the elastic air bag, and the other end of each rack extends out of the breaking hammer; the middle part of the crushing knife is arranged on the crushing hammer through a bearing, the upper end of the crushing knife is provided with a tooth-shaped structure, and the upper end of the crushing knife is meshed with a rack in an arc-shaped groove of the crushing hammer through the tooth-shaped structure. When the grinding rod drives the breaking hammer to move downwards, one end of the rack, which is located on the outer side of the breaking hammer, is in contact with the inner wall of the circular truncated cone-shaped groove of the box body, the rack is pressed into the arc-shaped groove along with the downward movement of the breaking hammer, and the rack drives the breaking knife to rotate when moving in the arc-shaped groove, so that the breaking knife automatically rotates, and the breaking effect is better.
The box sets up the arris form arch at the internal surface of round platform type recess, and the existence of arris form arch on the one hand makes waste lithium cell can be punctureed by the arris form arch when the round platform type recess inner wall gliding of box, plays broken effect, and on the other hand arris form arch can make rack reciprocating motion in the arc wall of quartering hammer to make broken sword just reverse, improved broken effect.
The round platform type groove extends downwards to be communicated with the rectangular groove, a fixed block is arranged in the rectangular groove, a section of conveying belt is horizontally placed above the fixed block, the length of the conveying belt is greater than that of the fixed block, the left end and the right end of the fixed block are provided with roller shafts, and the highest point of the roller shafts and the upper surface of the fixed block are at the same height; the upper surface of the conveying belt is in contact with the top of the rectangular groove, the lower surface of the conveying belt is in contact with the upper surface of the fixing block, the upper surface of the conveying belt is provided with a hemispherical groove, and one end of the fixing block is hinged with an air cylinder; the piston rod of cylinder is articulated mutually with conveyer belt one end, and the cylinder communicates with each other through trachea and elasticity gasbag, and the elasticity gasbag is used for the air feed to the cylinder, and the conveyer belt other end passes through spring two with the fixed block other end and realizes being connected, and the tip of conveyer belt is located the below position at box rectangle recess top. The rack is during reciprocating motion in the arc wall, the compressed air that the elasticity gasbag produced makes the piston rod motion of cylinder, the piston rod of cylinder is with the conveyer belt along the fixed block to one side pulling, the hemisphere recess of conveyer belt is carrying the old and useless lithium cell after smashing and is slided to fixed block one side, and enter into the rectangle recess of box smoothly, make the conveyer belt shake in the cylinder pulling conveyer belt, shake off the thing of smashing in the hemisphere recess from the hemisphere recess, the existence of spring two makes the conveyer belt move to two sides of spring under the effect of elastic force, thereby the conveyer belt is carried and is smashed in the rectangle recess that the thing got into the box by the fixed block opposite side.
The conveying belt is vertically provided with a sliding groove in the bottom of the hemispherical groove, a shaking rod is vertically arranged in the sliding groove, the upper portion of the shaking rod is conical, the shaking rod is connected with the bottom of the sliding groove through a third spring, and the shaking rod is used for vibrating waste lithium battery crushed objects above the conveying belt. When the conveyer belt moves left and right under the effect of cylinder and spring two, the shaking rod that is located box round platform type recess contacts with the lithium cell after smashing, along with the motion of conveyer belt, shakes the spout up-and-down motion of pole along the conveyer belt under the effect of spring three to make the old and useless lithium cell vibration of top, make old and useless lithium cell not hard up, in the small-size thing of smashing got into the hemispherical recess of conveying smoothly, jumbo size object made next time roll more effectively owing to becoming flexible.
The feeding holes of the storage barrel are positioned below the end part of the conveyor belt, the number of the feeding holes is two, the upper surface of the storage barrel is provided with a material collecting plate at the position of the feeding hole, and the material collecting plate is used for enabling the metal composite material falling from the conveyor belt to fall into the storage barrel; the driving device is a worm wheel, the worm wheel is positioned above the storage cylinder, the worm wheel is rotatably installed on the front wall and the rear wall of the box body through a rotating shaft, a torsion spring is arranged between the rotating shaft and the box body, the worm wheel is positioned in the middle of the storage cylinder, a abdicating groove is formed in the position of the storage cylinder below the worm wheel, the bottom of the worm wheel penetrates through the abdicating groove and is positioned in the storage cylinder, a spiral tooth is arranged at the middle of the crushing shaft, the crushing shaft is meshed with the worm wheel through the spiral tooth, spiral pieces on the crushing shaft are positioned on the left side and the right side of the spiral tooth, discharge holes are; and a steel wire rope is wound on the rotating shaft, one end of the steel wire rope is fixed on the rotating shaft, and the other end of the steel wire rope is connected with the bottom of the breaking hammer. In the process of up-and-down movement of the breaking hammer, the steel wire rope is wound on the rotating shaft, the worm wheel is driven to rotate positively and negatively under the combined action of the restoring force of the torsion spring, the rotation of the worm wheel enables the breaking shaft to rotate through the meshing movement of the worm wheel and the spiral teeth of the breaking shaft, the breaking shaft rotates to drive the spiral sheet to repeatedly break the metal composite material in the storage barrel back and forth, and the broken positive and negative electrode materials fall down from the discharge hole and flow out of the box body from the discharge hole.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method for recycling valuable metals of the waste lithium batteries realizes the classified recycling of the valuable metals of cobalt, copper, nickel and iron in the lithium batteries through multiple steps of crushing, roasting, magnetic separation and the like, has simple process and high recycling rate, adopts the sorting equipment to rotate while the crushing hammer moves up and down so as to drive the crushing cutter to rotate and roll and cut the waste lithium batteries, reduces the crushing effect of the lithium batteries by adopting a cutting and rolling mode, reduces the noise during working on the other hand, optimizes the working environment, fully separates the valuable metals and improves the recycling rate.
2. According to the method for recycling valuable metals of waste lithium batteries, the rack is arranged in the breaking hammer, and the rack is moved by extrusion with the inner wall of the box body when the breaking hammer moves downwards, so that the breaking knife is driven to rotate, the breaking knife can cut in the circumferential direction, the breaking effect is improved, the subsequent roasting efficiency is improved, and the recycling effect is good.
3. According to the method for recycling valuable metals of waste lithium batteries, the conveying belt is arranged between the round table-shaped groove and the rectangular groove of the box body, the hemispherical groove is formed in the upper surface of the conveying belt, the elastic air bag generates compressed air to push the air cylinder to move through the movement of the rack, the air cylinder drives the conveying belt to move, crushed materials in the round table-shaped groove are conveyed into the rectangular groove through the hemispherical groove to be crushed for the first time, the blockage of a filter screen is avoided, the first-stage crushing effect of the lithium batteries is guaranteed, the removal rate of plastics is improved, and therefore the purity of the recycled valuable metals is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the sorting apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of the invention at A in FIG. 2;
in the figure: the device comprises a box body 1, a primary sorting unit 2, a secondary sorting unit 3, a circular truncated cone-shaped groove 11, a rectangular groove 12, a cover plate 3, a collecting hopper 4, a discharge hole 41, a feed inlet 31, a grinding rod 21, a pressing plate 22, a cam 23, a breaking hammer 24, a breaking knife 25, a first air bag 26, a spray head 27, a plastic outlet 13, a collecting box 5, a storage barrel 31, a breaking shaft 32, a driving device 33, a feed hole 311, a discharge hole 312, a spiral piece 321, an arc-shaped groove 241, a rack 6, an elastic air bag 7, a prismatic protrusion 14, a fixing block 15, a conveying belt 8, a roller shaft 16, a hemispherical groove 81, an air cylinder 17, a sliding groove 82, a shaking rod 83, an aggregate plate 9, a receding groove 313, a.
Detailed Description
A method for recovering valuable metals from used lithium batteries according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to fig. 1 to 3.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the method for recovering valuable metals from waste lithium batteries according to the present invention comprises the following steps:
s1: transporting the lithium battery to a battery discharging device filled with electrolyte through a suspension chain for discharging treatment;
s2: after the lithium battery is subjected to discharging treatment in S1, the lithium battery moves to a waste liquid chamber along with a suspension chain, and the lithium battery is punched through suspension equipment in the waste liquid chamber to release electrolyte in the lithium battery;
s3: after the electrolyte is released by S2, the lithium battery is conveyed to a spray room through a suspension chain for cleaning, and a hot air pipe is arranged at an outlet of the spray room for drying the washed lithium battery;
s4: s3, carrying the lithium batteries by the suspension chain, conveying the lithium batteries to the upper part of the sorting equipment, and releasing the lithium batteries one by one to enable the lithium batteries to enter the sorting equipment for crushing to obtain positive and negative electrode materials;
s5: the positive and negative electrode materials flow out of the sorting equipment in S4 and then fall onto a conveyor belt, and the positive and negative electrode materials are conveyed to a roasting furnace by the conveyor belt to be roasted;
s6: conveying the solid roasted in the S5 to a magnetic screening machine through a conveying belt to screen out magnetic substances and non-magnetic substances;
s7: respectively conveying the magnetic substance and the non-magnetic substance in the S6 to an automatic particle screening machine through a conveyer belt to be screened according to the particle size grade;
the sorting equipment in the S4 comprises a box body 1, a primary sorting unit 2 and a secondary sorting unit 3, wherein a circular truncated cone-shaped groove 11 is formed in the middle position of the upper surface of the box body 1, the size of the upper end of the circular truncated cone-shaped groove 11 is large, the size of the lower end of the circular truncated cone-shaped groove is small, a rectangular groove 12 is formed in the middle position of the lower surface of the box body 1, a filtering hole is formed in the box body 1 between the circular truncated cone-shaped groove 11 and the rectangular groove 12, a cover plate 3 is arranged above the box body 1, a collecting hopper 4 is arranged at the bottom of; the cover plate 3 is provided with a feed inlet 31 above the truncated cone-shaped groove 11, and the feed inlet 31 is communicated with the truncated cone-shaped groove 11 of the box body 1; the primary sorting unit 2 is positioned in the circular table-shaped groove 11 of the box body 1, the primary sorting unit 2 is used for crushing and screening waste lithium batteries for the first time to separate plastic and metal composite materials, the primary sorting unit 2 comprises a grinding and pressing rod 21, a pressing plate 22, a cam 23, a motor, a breaking hammer 24, a breaking knife 25, a first spring, a first air bag 26 and a spray head 27, a through hole is vertically formed in the middle of the upper surface of the cover plate 3, and a sliding pin is fixed in the through hole; the rolling rod 21 vertically penetrates through a through hole of the cover plate 3, a spiral groove is formed in the circumferential surface of the rolling rod 21, and the sliding pin is located in the spiral groove; the pressing plate 22 is installed at the top end of the rolling plate 22, the pressing plate 22 is located above the cover plate 3, the rolling rod 21 is sleeved with a first spring, the upper end of the first spring is connected with the pressing plate 22, and the lower end of the first spring is connected with the cover plate 3; the cam 23 is positioned above the pressure plate 22, the cam 23 is in contact with the pressure plate 22, and the cam 23 is used for periodically pushing the pressure plate 22 to move downwards; the motor is used for driving the cam 23 to rotate; the breaking hammer 24 is fixed at the lower end of the grinding rod 21, and the lower end of the breaking hammer 24 is of a spherical crown structure; the crushing knife 25 is arranged at the bottom of the crushing hammer 24; the first air bag 26 is positioned below the pressure plate 22, and the first air bag 26 is fixed on the cover plate 3; a plastic outlet 13 is formed in the side wall of the box body 1, and the plastic outlet 13 is communicated with the rectangular groove 12 of the box body 1; the spray head 27 is arranged in the rectangular groove 12 of the box body 1, the spray head 27 is positioned below the filtering hole, the spray head 27 and the plastic outlet 13 are at the same height, the spray head 27 is connected with the first air bag 26 through an air pipe, the first spray head 27 blows the crushed materials falling from the filtering hole to blow out the plastic from the plastic outlet 13 for separation, and the box body 1 is provided with the collecting box 5 at the outer side of the plastic outlet 13; the secondary sorting unit 3 is positioned in a rectangular groove 12 at the lower part of the box body 1, and the secondary sorting unit 3 is used for crushing and screening the metal composite materials screened by the primary sorting unit 2 again to separate out positive and negative electrode materials and waste residues; wherein,
the secondary sorting unit 3 comprises a storage cylinder 31, a crushing shaft 32 and a driving device 33, wherein the storage cylinder 31 is horizontally fixed in the rectangular groove 12 of the box body 1, the height of the storage cylinder 31 is lower than that of the plastic outlet 13, a feeding hole 311 is formed in the upper surface of the storage cylinder 31, a discharging hole 312 is formed in the bottom of the storage cylinder 31, and a filter screen is arranged at the position of the discharging hole 312; the crushing shaft 32 is horizontally arranged in the material storage barrel 31, and two sections of spiral pieces 321 with opposite rotation directions are symmetrically arranged on the crushing shaft 32 from left to right; the driving device 33 is used for driving the crushing shaft 32 to rotate. When the crushing device works, waste lithium batteries are put into the box body 1 through the feeding hole 31, then the motor rotates to drive the cam 23 to move, the cam 23 periodically presses the pressing plate 22 downwards, the rolling rod 21 periodically moves up and down under the action of the elastic force of the spring I, meanwhile, the pressing plate 22 moves up and down to enable the air bag I26 to generate compressed air, because the surface of the rolling rod 21 is provided with a spiral groove, the rolling rod 21 rotates while moving downwards along the through hole of the cover plate 3, so that the crushing hammer 24 is driven to rotate while moving downwards, the crushing knife 25 performs rolling and rotary cutting on the waste lithium batteries, the crushing effect of the waste lithium batteries is improved, after the crushed lithium batteries pass through the filter hole under the action of gravity, the air blown out by the nozzle 27 enables plastics in crushed materials to be blown out from the plastic outlet 13 in the falling process, the blown out plastics fall into the collecting box 5, and the metal composite materials fall into the feeding hole 311, the driving device 33 drives the crushing shaft 32 to rotate, the spiral pieces 321 crush the metal composite material in the storage barrel 31 again, the anode and cathode materials fall from the discharge hole 312, separation of the anode and cathode materials from waste residues is realized, and the anode and cathode materials falling from the discharge hole 312 flow out of the box body 1 through the discharge hole 41 to be collected.
As shown in fig. 2, an arc-shaped groove 241 penetrating through the side surface is arranged in the breaking hammer 24, and a rack 6 is arranged in the arc-shaped groove 241; the rack 6 is of an arc-shaped structure, the number of the racks 6 is two, the racks 6 are attached to the upper surface and the lower surface of the arc-shaped groove 241, the racks 6 are bilaterally symmetrically arranged in the arc-shaped groove 241 of the breaking hammer 24, the two racks 6 are connected in the arc-shaped groove 241 through the elastic air bag 7, and the other end of each rack 6 extends out of the breaking hammer 24; the middle part of the crushing knife 25 is arranged on the crushing hammer 24 through a bearing, the upper end of the crushing knife 25 is provided with a tooth-shaped structure, and the upper end of the crushing knife 25 is meshed with the rack 6 in the arc-shaped groove 241 of the crushing hammer 24 through the tooth-shaped structure. When the grinding rod 21 drives the breaking hammer 24 to move downwards, one end of the rack 6, which is positioned outside the breaking hammer 24, is in contact with the inner wall of the circular truncated cone-shaped groove 11 of the box body 1, along with the continuous downward movement of the breaking hammer 24, the rack 6 is pressed into the arc-shaped groove 241, and the rack 6 drives the breaking knife 25 to rotate when moving in the arc-shaped groove 241, so that the breaking knife 25 rotates, and the breaking effect is better.
As shown in fig. 2, the box body 1 is provided with the prismatic protrusions 14 on the inner surface of the truncated cone-shaped groove 11, on one hand, the prismatic protrusions 14 enable the waste lithium batteries to be punctured by the prismatic protrusions 14 when sliding down along the inner wall of the truncated cone-shaped groove 11 of the box body 1, so that the waste lithium batteries are crushed, on the other hand, the prismatic protrusions 14 enable the rack 6 to reciprocate in the arc-shaped groove 241 of the breaking hammer 24, so that the breaking knife 25 rotates forward and backward, and the crushing effect is improved.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the circular truncated cone-shaped groove 11 extends downwards to be communicated with the rectangular groove 12, a fixed block 15 is arranged in the rectangular groove 12, a section of conveyor belt 8 is horizontally placed above the fixed block 15, the length of the conveyor belt 8 is greater than that of the fixed block 15, the left end and the right end of the fixed block 15 are provided with roller shafts 16, and the highest point of each roller shaft 16 and the upper surface of the fixed block 15 are at the same height; the upper surface of the conveyor belt 8 is in contact with the top of the rectangular groove 12, the lower surface of the conveyor belt 8 is in contact with the upper surface of the fixed block 15, the upper surface of the conveyor belt 8 is provided with a hemispherical groove 81, and one end of the fixed block 15 is hinged with an air cylinder 17; the piston rod of cylinder 17 is articulated mutually with 8 one ends of conveyer belt, and cylinder 17 communicates with each other through trachea and elasticity gasbag 7, and elasticity gasbag 7 is used for the air feed to cylinder 17, and the conveyer belt 8 other end is connected through two realization of springs with the fixed block 15 other end, and the tip of conveyer belt 8 is located the below position at 1 rectangle recess 12 tops of box. When rack 6 during reciprocating motion in arc groove 241, the compressed air that elasticity gasbag 7 produced makes the piston rod motion of cylinder 17, the piston rod of cylinder 17 is with conveyer belt 8 along fixed block 15 to one side pulling, the hemisphere recess 81 of conveyer belt 8 is carrying the old and useless lithium cell after smashing and is sliding to fixed block 15 one side, and enter into the rectangle recess 12 of box 1 smoothly, make conveyer belt 8 shake when cylinder 17 pulls conveyer belt 8, shake off the thing of smashing in the hemisphere recess 81 from hemisphere recess 81, the existence of spring two makes conveyer belt 8 move to two sides of spring under the effect of elasticity, thereby conveyer belt 8 is carrying the thing of smashing and is getting into in the rectangle recess 12 of box 1 by fixed block 15 opposite side.
As shown in fig. 3, the conveyor belt 8 is vertically provided with a chute 82 at the bottom of the hemispherical groove 81, a shaking rod 83 is vertically arranged in the chute 82, the upper part of the shaking rod 83 is conical, the shaking rod 83 is connected with the bottom of the chute 82 through a third spring, and the shaking rod 83 is used for vibrating crushed waste lithium batteries above the conveyor belt 8. When the conveying belt 8 moves left and right under the action of the cylinder 17 and the second spring, the shaking rod 83 located in the circular table type groove 11 of the box body 1 is in contact with the crushed lithium batteries, along with the movement of the conveying belt 8, the shaking rod 83 moves up and down along the sliding groove 82 of the conveying belt 8 under the action of the third spring, so that the waste lithium batteries above vibrate, the waste lithium batteries are loosened, small-size crushed objects smoothly enter the conveyed hemispherical groove 81, and next rolling of large-size objects is more effective due to the loosening.
As shown in fig. 2, the feeding holes 311 of the storage cylinder 31 are located at the lower position of the end of the conveyor belt 8, the number of the feeding holes 311 is two, the material collecting plate 9 is arranged on the upper surface of the storage cylinder 31 at the position of the feeding holes 311, and the material collecting plate 9 is used for enabling the metal composite material falling from the conveyor belt 8 to fall into the storage cylinder 31; the driving device 33 is a worm gear, the worm gear is positioned above the storage barrel 31, the worm gear is rotatably mounted on the front wall and the rear wall of the box body 1 through a rotating shaft, a torsion spring is arranged between the rotating shaft and the box body 1, the worm gear is positioned in the middle of the storage barrel 31, the storage barrel 31 is provided with an abdicating groove 313 at the position below the worm gear, the bottom of the worm gear penetrates through the abdicating groove 313 to be positioned in the storage barrel 31, the crushing shaft 32 is provided with spiral teeth 322 at the middle position, the crushing shaft 32 is meshed with the worm gear through the spiral teeth 322, spiral pieces 321 on the crushing shaft 32 are positioned at the left side and the right side of the spiral teeth 322, discharge holes 312 are positioned; the rotating shaft is wound with a steel wire rope 10, one end of the steel wire rope 10 is fixed on the rotating shaft, and the other end of the steel wire rope 10 is connected with the bottom of the breaking hammer 24. In the process of up-and-down movement of the breaking hammer 24, the steel wire rope 10 is wound on the rotating shaft, and under the combined action of the restoring force of the torsion spring, the worm wheel is driven to rotate in the forward and reverse directions, the rotation of the worm wheel enables the breaking shaft 32 to rotate through the meshing movement of the worm wheel and the spiral teeth 322 of the breaking shaft 32, the breaking shaft 32 rotates to drive the spiral piece 321 to repeatedly break the metal composite material in the storage barrel 31 back and forth, and the broken positive and negative electrode materials fall down from the discharge hole 312 and flow out of the box body 1 from the discharge hole 41.
The specific process is as follows:
when the crushing device works, waste lithium batteries are put into the box body 1 through the feeding hole 31, then the motor rotates to drive the cam 23 to move, the cam 23 periodically presses the pressing plate 22 downwards, the rolling rod 21 periodically moves up and down under the action of the elastic force of the spring I, meanwhile, the pressing plate 22 moves up and down to enable the air bag I26 to generate compressed air, because the surface of the rolling rod 21 is provided with a spiral groove, the rolling rod 21 rotates while moving downwards along the through hole of the cover plate 3, so that the crushing hammer 24 is driven to rotate while moving downwards, the crushing knife 25 performs rolling and rotary cutting on the waste lithium batteries, the crushing effect of the waste lithium batteries is improved, after the crushed lithium batteries pass through the filter hole under the action of gravity, the air blown out by the nozzle 27 enables plastics in crushed materials to be blown out from the plastic outlet 13 in the falling process, the blown out plastics fall into the collecting box 5, and the metal composite materials fall into the feeding hole 311, the driving device 33 drives the crushing shaft 32 to rotate, the spiral pieces 321 crush the metal composite material in the storage barrel 31 again, the anode and cathode materials fall from the discharge hole 312, separation of the anode and cathode materials from waste residues is realized, and the anode and cathode materials falling from the discharge hole 312 flow out of the box body 1 through the discharge hole 41 to be collected.
When the grinding rod 21 drives the breaking hammer 24 to move downwards, one end of the rack 6, which is located on the outer side of the breaking hammer 24, is in contact with the inner wall of the circular table type groove 11 of the box body 1, along with the downward movement of the breaking hammer 24, the rack 6 is pressed into the arc-shaped groove 241, the rack 6 drives the breaking knife 25 to rotate when moving in the arc-shaped groove 241, so that the breaking knife 25 rotates, the breaking effect is better, on one hand, the existence of the prismatic bulge 14 enables the waste lithium battery to be punctured by the prismatic bulge 14 when sliding downwards along the inner wall of the circular table type groove 11 of the box body 1, the breaking effect is achieved, on the other hand, the prismatic bulge 14 enables the rack 6 to do reciprocating motion in the arc-shaped groove 241 of the breaking hammer 24, the breaking knife 25 rotates positively and negatively.
When rack 6 during reciprocating motion in arc groove 241, the compressed air that elasticity gasbag 7 produced makes the piston rod motion of cylinder 17, the piston rod of cylinder 17 is with conveyer belt 8 along fixed block 15 to one side pulling, the hemisphere recess 81 of conveyer belt 8 is carrying the old and useless lithium cell after smashing and is sliding to fixed block 15 one side, and enter into the rectangle recess 12 of box 1 smoothly, make conveyer belt 8 shake when cylinder 17 pulls conveyer belt 8, shake off the thing of smashing in the hemisphere recess 81 from hemisphere recess 81, the existence of spring two makes conveyer belt 8 move to two sides of spring under the effect of elasticity, thereby conveyer belt 8 is carrying the thing of smashing and is getting into in the rectangle recess 12 of box 1 by fixed block 15 opposite side. When the conveying belt 8 moves left and right under the action of the cylinder 17 and the second spring, the shaking rod 83 located in the circular table type groove 11 of the box body 1 is in contact with the crushed lithium batteries, along with the movement of the conveying belt 8, the shaking rod 83 moves up and down along the sliding groove 82 of the conveying belt 8 under the action of the third spring, so that the waste lithium batteries above vibrate, the waste lithium batteries are loosened, small-size crushed objects smoothly enter the conveyed hemispherical groove 81, and next rolling of large-size objects is more effective due to the loosening.
In the process of up-and-down movement of the breaking hammer 24, the steel wire rope 10 is wound on the rotating shaft, and under the combined action of the restoring force of the torsion spring, the worm wheel is driven to rotate in the forward and reverse directions, the rotation of the worm wheel enables the breaking shaft 32 to rotate through the meshing movement of the worm wheel and the spiral teeth 322 of the breaking shaft 32, the breaking shaft 32 rotates to drive the spiral piece 321 to repeatedly break the metal composite material in the storage barrel 31 back and forth, and the broken positive and negative electrode materials fall down from the discharge hole 312 and flow out of the box body 1 from the discharge hole 41.
While one embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Industrial applicability
According to the method for recovering valuable metals from the waste lithium batteries, the classification recovery of the valuable metals such as cobalt, copper and nickel and iron in the lithium batteries is realized through a plurality of steps such as crushing, roasting and magnetic separation, the process is simple, and the recovery rate is high, so that the method for recovering the valuable metals from the waste lithium batteries is useful in the field of lithium battery recovery.
Claims (6)
1. A method for recovering valuable metals of waste lithium batteries is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: transporting the lithium battery to a battery discharging device filled with electrolyte through a suspension chain for discharging treatment;
s2: after the lithium battery is subjected to discharging treatment in S1, the lithium battery moves to a waste liquid chamber along with a suspension chain, and the lithium battery is punched through suspension equipment in the waste liquid chamber to release electrolyte in the lithium battery;
s3: after the electrolyte is released by S2, the lithium battery is conveyed to a spray room through a suspension chain for cleaning, and a hot air pipe is arranged at an outlet of the spray room for drying the washed lithium battery;
s4: s3, carrying the lithium batteries by the suspension chain, conveying the lithium batteries to the upper part of the sorting equipment, and releasing the lithium batteries one by one to enable the lithium batteries to enter the sorting equipment for crushing to obtain positive and negative electrode materials;
s5: the positive and negative electrode materials flow out of the sorting equipment in S4 and then fall onto a conveyor belt, and the positive and negative electrode materials are conveyed to a roasting furnace by the conveyor belt to be roasted;
s6: conveying the solid roasted in the S5 to a magnetic screening machine through a conveying belt to screen out magnetic substances and non-magnetic substances;
s7: respectively conveying the magnetic substance and the non-magnetic substance in the S6 to an automatic particle screening machine through a conveyer belt to be screened according to the particle size grade;
the sorting equipment in the S4 comprises a box body (1), a primary sorting unit (2) and a secondary sorting unit (3), wherein a round table-shaped groove (11) is formed in the middle position of the upper surface of the box body (1), the size of the upper end of the round table-shaped groove (11) is large, the size of the lower end of the round table-shaped groove is small, a rectangular groove (12) is formed in the middle position of the lower surface of the box body (1), a filtering hole is formed in the box body (1) between the round table-shaped groove (11) and the rectangular groove (12), a cover plate (3) is arranged above the box body (1), a collecting hopper (4) is arranged at the bottom of the box body (1), and a discharge; a feed inlet (31) is formed in the cover plate (3) above the circular truncated cone-shaped groove (11), and the feed inlet (31) is communicated with the circular truncated cone-shaped groove (11) of the box body (1); the primary sorting unit (2) is located in a circular table-shaped groove (11) of the box body (1), the primary sorting unit (2) is used for crushing and screening waste lithium batteries for the first time to separate plastic and metal composite materials, the primary sorting unit (2) comprises a grinding rod (21), a pressing plate (22), a cam (23), a motor, a breaking hammer (24), a breaking knife (25), a spring I, an air bag I (26) and a spray head (27), a through hole is vertically formed in the middle of the upper surface of the cover plate (3), and a sliding pin is fixed in the through hole; the grinding rod (21) vertically penetrates through a through hole of the cover plate (3), a spiral groove is formed in the circumferential surface of the grinding rod (21), and the sliding pin is located in the spiral groove; the pressing plate (22) is installed at the top end of the rolling plate (22), the pressing plate (22) is located above the cover plate (3), the rolling rod (21) is sleeved with a first spring, the upper end of the first spring is connected with the pressing plate (22), and the lower end of the first spring is connected with the cover plate (3); the cam (23) is positioned above the pressing plate (22), the cam (23) is in contact with the pressing plate (22), and the cam (23) is used for periodically pushing the pressing plate (22) to move downwards; the motor is used for driving the cam (23) to rotate; the breaking hammer (24) is fixed at the lower end of the grinding rod (21), and the lower end of the breaking hammer (24) is of a spherical crown structure; the crushing knife (25) is arranged at the bottom of the crushing hammer (24); the first air bag (26) is positioned below the pressure plate (22), and the first air bag (26) is fixed on the cover plate (3); a plastic outlet (13) is formed in the side wall of the box body (1), and the plastic outlet (13) is communicated with the rectangular groove (12) of the box body (1); the sprayer (27) is arranged in a rectangular groove (12) of the box body (1), the sprayer (27) is positioned below the filtering hole, the sprayer (27) and the plastic outlet (13) are positioned at the same height, the sprayer (27) is connected with the first air bag (26) through an air pipe, the first sprayer (27) blows the crushed materials falling from the filtering hole to blow the plastic out of the plastic outlet (13) for separation, and the box body (1) is provided with a collecting box (5) on the outer side of the plastic outlet (13); the secondary sorting unit (3) is positioned in a rectangular groove (12) at the lower part of the box body (1), and the secondary sorting unit (3) is used for crushing and screening the metal composite material screened by the primary sorting unit (2) again to separate out positive and negative electrode materials and waste residues; wherein,
the secondary sorting unit (3) comprises a storage barrel (31), a crushing shaft (32) and a driving device (33), the storage barrel (31) is horizontally fixed in a rectangular groove (12) of the box body (1), the height of the storage barrel (31) is lower than that of the plastic outlet (13), a feeding hole (311) is formed in the upper surface of the storage barrel (31), a discharging hole (312) is formed in the bottom of the storage barrel (31), and a filter screen is arranged at the position of the discharging hole (312); the crushing shaft (32) is horizontally arranged in the material storage barrel (31), and two sections of spiral pieces (321) with opposite rotation directions are symmetrically arranged on the crushing shaft (32) from left to right; the driving device (33) is used for driving the crushing shaft (32) to rotate.
2. The method for recovering valuable metals from waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: an arc-shaped groove (241) penetrating through the side face is formed in the breaking hammer (24), and a rack (6) is arranged in the arc-shaped groove (241); the rack (6) is of an arc-shaped structure, the number of the racks (6) is two, the racks (6) are attached to the upper surface and the lower surface of the arc-shaped groove (241), the racks (6) are arranged in the arc-shaped groove (241) of the breaking hammer (24) in a bilateral symmetry manner, the two racks (6) are connected in the arc-shaped groove (241) through the elastic air bag (7), and the other end of each rack (6) extends out of the breaking hammer (24); the middle part of the crushing knife (25) is arranged on the crushing hammer (24) through a bearing, the upper end of the crushing knife (25) is provided with a tooth-shaped structure, and the upper end of the crushing knife (25) is meshed with the rack (6) in the arc-shaped groove (241) of the crushing hammer (24) through the tooth-shaped structure.
3. The method for recovering valuable metals from waste lithium batteries according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the inner surface of the round table type groove (11) of the box body (1) is provided with a prismatic protrusion (14).
4. The method for recovering valuable metals from waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the round platform type groove (11) extends downwards to be communicated with the rectangular groove (12), a fixed block (15) is arranged in the rectangular groove (12), a section of conveyor belt (8) is horizontally placed above the fixed block (15), the length of the conveyor belt (8) is greater than that of the fixed block (15), roll shafts (16) are arranged at the left end and the right end of the fixed block (15), and the highest point of each roll shaft (16) and the upper surface of the corresponding fixed block (15) are at the same height; the upper surface of the conveyor belt (8) is in contact with the top of the rectangular groove (12), the lower surface of the conveyor belt (8) is in contact with the upper surface of the fixed block (15), the upper surface of the conveyor belt is provided with a hemispherical groove (81), and one end of the fixed block (15) is hinged with a cylinder (17); the piston rod of cylinder (17) is articulated mutually with conveyer belt (8) one end, and cylinder (17) communicate with each other through trachea and elasticity gasbag (7), and elasticity gasbag (7) are used for the air feed to cylinder (17), and conveyer belt (8) other end and fixed block (15) other end pass through two realization of springs to be connected, and the tip of conveyer belt (8) is located the below position at box (1) rectangle recess (12) top.
5. The method for recovering valuable metals from waste lithium batteries according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the conveying belt (8) is vertically provided with a sliding groove (82) in the bottom of the hemispherical groove (81), a shaking rod (83) is vertically arranged in the sliding groove (82), the upper portion of the shaking rod (83) is conical, the shaking rod (83) is connected with the bottom of the sliding groove (82) through a spring III, and the shaking rod (83) is used for vibrating waste lithium battery crushed materials above the conveying belt (8).
6. The method for recovering valuable metals from waste lithium batteries according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the feeding holes (311) of the storage barrel (31) are located below the end part of the conveyor belt (8), the number of the feeding holes (311) is two, the material collecting plate (9) is arranged on the upper surface of the storage barrel (31) at the position of the feeding holes (311), and the material collecting plate (9) is used for enabling the metal composite materials falling from the conveyor belt (8) to fall into the storage barrel (31); the driving device (33) is a worm wheel, the worm wheel is positioned above the storage barrel (31), the worm wheel is rotatably installed on the front wall and the rear wall of the box body (1) through a rotating shaft, a torsion spring is arranged between the rotating shaft and the box body (1), the worm wheel is positioned in the middle of the storage barrel (31), an abdicating groove (313) is formed in the position of the storage barrel (31) below the worm wheel, the bottom of the worm wheel penetrates through the abdicating groove (313) to be positioned in the storage barrel (31), a spiral tooth (322) is arranged in the middle of the crushing shaft (32), the crushing shaft (32) is meshed with the worm wheel through the spiral tooth (322), spiral pieces (321) on the crushing shaft (32) are positioned on the left side and the right side of the spiral tooth (322), discharge holes (312) are positioned below the spiral pieces (321), and the; and the rotating shaft is wound with a steel wire rope (10), one end of the steel wire rope (10) is fixed on the rotating shaft, and the other end of the steel wire rope (10) is connected with the bottom of the breaking hammer (24).
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