CN109220302B - Pear tree shape capable of preventing fruit drop in tree-relieving manner and pruning method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a tree form of a pear tree capable of preventing fruit drop in a tree-relieving manner and a pruning method, wherein the tree form is 2.4-2.6m high, the trunk is 50-60cm high, and 4 main branches distributed in two layers are reserved on a trunk; the upper layer of main branches are one and are positioned at the top of the main trunk, the opening angle is 70-80 degrees, and 1-2 side branches are reserved on the upper layer of main branches; the distance between the three main branches at the lower layer and the main branches at the upper layer is 60-80cm, the three main branches at the lower layer and the main branches at the upper layer are distributed in a staggered manner, the opening angle of the main branches at the lower layer is 60-70 degrees, and 3 side branches are reserved on each main branch at the lower layer; bearing branches or bearing branch groups are planted on each lateral branch, and the bearing branches with the diameter larger than 1cm are fixed on an iron wire net with the height of 2.0-2.2m away from the ground; the tree shape can resist wind damage, greatly reduce fruit drop and ensure high and stable yield; compared with the conventional pear tree shape, the pear tree has the advantages of better ventilation and light transmission conditions and good fruit quality; thirdly, the tree vigor can be slowed down; fourthly, the fixed-dry height is high, the shelf surface is high, and the mechanical operation is suitable; fifthly, the pruning method is simple, easy to operate and easy to master.

Description

Pear tree shape capable of preventing fruit drop in tree-relieving manner and pruning method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting management, in particular to a tree shape of a pear tree capable of preventing fruit falling in a tree-relief manner and a trimming method.

Background

The prior pear tree form generally grows secondary branches on main branches, and grows bearing branches on the secondary branches. Because the branches are arranged disorderly, each bearing branch can not be uniformly irradiated by sunlight, so that the yield of fruit trees and the quality of fruits are seriously influenced; secondly, branches and leaves have weak wind damage resistance, fruit drop is easily caused by wind damage, and the yield is influenced; thirdly, the space under the tree is small, which seriously affects the operation under the tree of the relevant mechanical equipment, resulting in high labor intensity and low labor efficiency.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a tree shape of the slow-tree-vigor anti-falling pear tree which is premature, high in yield, stable in yield, high in light efficiency, quick in forming and suitable for mechanical operation, and meanwhile provides a pruning method of the tree shape of the slow-tree-vigor anti-falling pear tree.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention can adopt the following technical scheme:

the tree shape of the slow tree vigor falling prevention pear tree is that under the condition that the plant row spacing is 3 multiplied by 3 to 4m, the tree is 2.4 to 2.6m high, the trunk is 50 to 60cm high, and 4 main branches distributed in two layers are reserved on the trunk; the upper layer of main branches are one and are positioned at the top of the main trunk, the opening angle is 70-80 degrees, and 1-2 side branches are reserved on the upper layer of main branches; the distance between the three main branches at the lower layer and the main branches at the upper layer is 60-80cm, the three main branches at the lower layer and the main branches at the upper layer are distributed in a staggered manner, the opening angle of the main branches at the lower layer is 60-70 degrees, and 3 side branches are reserved on each main branch at the lower layer; bearing branches or bearing branch groups are planted on each lateral branch, and the bearing branches with the diameter larger than 1cm are fixed on a wire mesh with the height of 2.0-2.2m from the ground.

The wire netting includes two galvanized iron wires that set up between every two lines of fruit trees and a galvanized iron wire that sets up between every two fruit trees, the galvanized iron wire all sets up at solid frame top, gu the frame includes every two lines, every two plants setting upright cement post in the middle of the fruit tree and every other line, every other one set up the oblique cement post in the limit line fruit tree outside, oblique cement post top is connected through the wire rope that constitutes rectangular grid structure, upright cement post top with wire rope's crosspoint is connected, and the both ends of galvanized iron wire all are connected with wire rope.

The pruning method for the tree shape of the slow tree vigor falling prevention pear tree comprises the following steps:

(1) trimming in the first year: after the saplings are planted, the trunk fixing is carried out, and the height of the trunk fixing is 60-80 cm; after the trunk is fixed, cutting buds below a cut to promote new branches, selecting a first new tip at the top as a leader trunk, selecting 3 new tips as a lower main branch for cultivation, winding a fiber strip when the branch grows to 60-70cm, and then fixing the wound fiber strip on a top wire netting, wherein the opening angle of the main branch is 60-70 degrees during fixing; when pruning is carried out in winter, the leader trunk is cut short, the distance between the short cut and the lower main branch positioned at the highest position is 55-65 cm, and meanwhile, 3 lower main branches are processed, wherein the method comprises the following steps: removing competitive branches of the main branch and the extension branch, and selecting lateral buds of the extension branch for light truncation; the back buds on the main branches are completely erased to reduce the emergence of the back buds in the next year; removing excessive branches from the trunk from the base, and slowly releasing the rest branches;

(2) and (3) trimming in the second year: in the growing season, 1 new tip with proper orientation and strong growth is selected from a plurality of new tips sent after the leading trunk is cut short and is left as an upper layer main branch for cultivation, the rest is erased, when the new tip is grown to 55-65 cm, the new tip is wound by a fiber strip and is fixed on a top wire netting, and the opening angle of the main branch is 70-80 degrees during fixing; meanwhile, selecting 1 robust lateral branch at the position of each lower-layer main branch, which is 50-60cm away from the trunk, culturing the lateral branch as a first lateral branch, taking the rest as fostering branches, growing bearing branches or bearing branch groups on the first lateral branch, and uniformly arranging and fixing extension heads of the lower-layer main branches and the bearing branches with the diameter larger than 1cm on a top wire gauze according to space after 8 months; in winter, cutting off each main branch on the upper and lower layers at the bud body filling position, removing the upper vigorous branches and the over dense lateral branches on the back of each main branch from the base of the branch, and then coating a protective agent on the cut and the saw cut;

(3) and (3) trimming in the third year: in the growing season, the first new tip on the extension head of the lower main branch is used as an extension head, the second new tip or the third new tip is used as a second side branch for culture, meanwhile, the first side branch of the upper main branch is cultured for 8 months, and the extension head of each main branch and the fruiting branch with the diameter larger than 1cm are uniformly distributed and fixed on the top wire netting according to the space; trimming in winter is the same as trimming in winter of the second year;

(4) and (5) trimming in the fourth year: and in the growing season, culturing the third lateral branch of the lower layer main branch and the second lateral branch of the upper layer main branch, and forming a tree shape.

The slow-tree-vigor fruit-dropping-prevention pear tree provided by the invention can resist wind damage, greatly reduce fruit dropping, and especially ensure high and stable yield for short-stalk pear varieties; compared with the conventional pear tree shape, the pear tree has the advantages of better ventilation and light transmission conditions and good fruit quality; thirdly, the tree vigor can be slowed down; fourthly, the height of the fixed trunk is high, the rack surface is high, and the mechanical operation is suitable; fifthly, the pruning method is simple, easy to operate and easy to master.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a view of a pear tree planting scene shaped by pruning according to the method of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the tree structure of a pear tree in the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the fixing frame and the wire netting of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The tree shape of the pear tree capable of preventing fruit drop with the tree vigor relieving function is suitable for pear trees cultivated in the open air in fertile soil. As shown in figures 1-3, the pear trees in the examples are planted in the north-south row direction with the row spacing of 3X 3-4 m. Each pear tree is 1 tree with the height of 2.4-2.6m and the trunk height of 50-60cm, and 4 main branches are left on 1.1 trunk and are distributed in two layers. The upper layer of main branches 1.2 is one and is positioned at the top of the main trunk, and the upper part of the main trunk is not provided with the main trunk. The opening angle alpha of the upper layer main branch 1.2 is 70-80 degrees, and 1-2 lateral branches 1.3 are left on the upper layer main branch. The lower layer main branches 1.4 are three, the distance between the lower layer main branches and the upper layer main branches 1.2 is 60-80cm, and the lower layer main branches and the upper layer main branches 1.2 are distributed in a staggered mode, so that illumination and ventilation are prevented from being influenced. The opening angle beta of each lower layer main branch 1.4 is 60-70 degrees, and 3 lateral branches 1.5 are reserved on each lower layer main branch 1.4. Each side branch of the upper and lower layer main branches is provided with a bearing branch or a bearing branch group, and the bearing branches with the diameter larger than 1cm are fixed on the wire netting 2 with the height of 2.0-2.2m away from the ground, so that the wind damage can be resisted, the fruit drop is greatly reduced, and the high yield and stable yield are ensured; the ventilation and light transmission are good, and the fruit quality is good; can slow down tree vigor. As shown in fig. 3, the wire netting 2 includes two galvanized iron wires arranged between every two rows of fruit trees and one galvanized iron wire arranged between every two fruit trees, the galvanized iron wire is 8^#Or 10^#Are all arranged at the top of the fixed frame 3. The fixing frame 3 comprises upright cement columns 3.1 arranged in the middle of the fruit tree every two lines and every two upright cement columns 3.2 arranged on the outer side of the fruit tree in the side rows every other line, the tops of the inclined cement columns 3.2 are connected through steel wire ropes 3.3 forming a rectangular grid structure, and the tops of the upright cement columns 3.1 are connected with the cross points of the steel wire ropes 3.3The support for the steel wire rope 3.3 is formed, and both ends of the galvanized iron wire are connected with the steel wire rope 3.3. The inclined cement column 3.2 is connected with the ground anchor with the top outward and the bottom connected with a cement pier to prevent the column body from sinking.

The pruning method for the tree shape of the slow tree vigor falling prevention pear tree comprises the following steps:

(1) trimming in the first year: after the saplings are planted, the trunk fixing is carried out, and the height of the trunk fixing is 60-80 cm; after the trunk is fixed, cutting buds below a cut to promote new branches, selecting a first new tip at the top as a leader trunk, selecting 3 new tips as a lower main branch for cultivation, winding a fiber strip when the branch grows to 60-70cm, and then fixing the wound fiber strip on a top wire netting, wherein the opening angle of the main branch is 60-70 degrees during fixing; when pruning is carried out in winter, the leader trunk is cut short, the distance between the short cut point and the lower main branch positioned at the highest position is about 60cm, and meanwhile, 3 lower main branches are processed, wherein the method comprises the following steps: removing competitive branches of the main branch and the extension branch, and selecting lateral buds of the extension branch for light truncation; the back buds on the main branches are completely erased to reduce the emergence of the back buds in the next year; removing excessive branches from the trunk from the base, and slowly releasing the rest branches;

(2) and (3) trimming in the second year: in the growing season, selecting 1 new tip with proper orientation and strong growth from a plurality of new tips sent after the leading trunk is cut short, using the new tip as an upper layer main branch for cultivation, removing the rest, winding the new tip to about 60cm, and then fixing the new tip on a top wire netting, wherein the opening angle of the main branch is 70-80 degrees during fixing; meanwhile, the lower layer main branches are processed: maintaining the growth advantage of the young shoots of the extended branches of the main branches, removing the young shoots on the back of the main branches, selecting and reserving 1 robust lateral young shoot on each main branch to culture as a first lateral branch, and using the rest as a fostering branch, wherein the first lateral branch is 50-60cm from the main branch, and a bearing branch or a bearing branch group is arranged on the first lateral branch; when the time is 8 months, uniformly arranging the extension heads of the main branches at the lower layer and the bearing branches with the diameter larger than 1cm according to the space, winding and fixing the extension heads and the bearing branches on the wire netting at the top by using fiber strips, and uniformly arranging the branches on one layer as much as possible according to the actual space position during fixing; in winter, cutting off each main branch on the upper and lower layers at the bud body filling position, removing the strong branches and the over-dense lateral branches on the back of the main branch from the base of the branch, and then coating a protective agent on the cut and the saw cut;

(3) and (3) trimming in the third year: in the growing season, the treatment of the lower layer main branches comprises the following steps: the first new tip on the extension head of the main branch is used as the extension head, the second or third new tip is used as the second side branch for culture, and the new tip is promoted to grow because the germination rate of the pear is low and the bud is required to be carved; meanwhile, processing the upper layer main branches: mainly culturing a first lateral branch; when the month is 8, winding and fixing the extension heads of the main branches of the upper layer and the lower layer and the bearing branches with the diameter larger than 1cm on a wire mesh at the top by using fiber strips, and uniformly arranging the branches on one layer as much as possible according to the actual spatial position during fixing; in winter, cutting off each main branch on the upper and lower layers at the bud body filling position, removing the strong branches and the over-dense lateral branches on the back of the main branch from the base of the branch, and then coating a protective agent on the cut and the saw cut;

(4) and (3) trimming in the fourth year: in the growing season, the third lateral branch of the lower main branch and the second lateral branch of the upper main branch are cultured, but the extending head of each main branch is not cut short in winter. To this end, the tree is formed.

After the pear tree form is formed by heavy pruning for 4 years, the bearing branch groups are generally updated once every 3 to 4 years.

If the fiber strips for fixing the branches are aged, the fiber strips are replaced before the pear trees bloom, so that flower falling and yield reduction are avoided.

Claims (1)

1. A pruning method for preventing fruit falling of pear tree forms in a tree-relaxing manner is characterized by comprising the following steps:

under the condition of adopting the plant row spacing of 3 multiplied by 3 to 4m, the tree height is 2.4 to 2.6m, the trunk height is 50 to 60cm, and 4 main branches distributed in two layers are left on the trunk; the upper layer of main branches are one and are positioned at the top of the main trunk, the opening angle is 70-80 degrees, and 1-2 side branches are reserved on the upper layer of main branches; the distance between the three main branches at the lower layer and the main branches at the upper layer is 60-80cm, the three main branches at the lower layer and the main branches at the upper layer are distributed in a staggered manner, the opening angle of the main branches at the lower layer is 60-70 degrees, and 3 side branches are reserved on each main branch at the lower layer; bearing branches or bearing branch groups are planted on each lateral branch, and the bearing branches with the diameter larger than 1cm are fixed on an iron wire net with the height of 2.0-2.2m away from the ground;

the wire mesh comprises two galvanized wires arranged between every two rows of fruit trees and one galvanized wire arranged between every two fruit trees, the galvanized wires are all arranged at the top of a fixing frame, the fixing frame comprises every two rows of upright cement columns arranged in the middle of the fruit trees and every two rows of inclined cement columns arranged at the outer sides of the fruit trees in the side rows, the tops of the inclined cement columns are connected through steel wire ropes forming a rectangular grid structure, the tops of the upright cement columns are connected with the cross points of the steel wire ropes, and the two ends of the galvanized wires are connected with the steel wire ropes;

the method comprises the following steps:

(1) trimming in the first year: after the saplings are planted, the trunk fixing is carried out, and the height of the trunk fixing is 60-80 cm; after the trunk is fixed, cutting buds below a cut to promote new branches, selecting a first new tip at the top as a leader trunk, selecting 3 new tips as a lower main branch for cultivation, winding a fiber strip when the branch grows to 60-70cm, and then fixing the wound fiber strip on a top wire netting, wherein the opening angle of the main branch is 60-70 degrees during fixing; when pruning is carried out in winter, the leader trunk is cut short, the distance between the short cut and the lower main branch positioned at the highest position is 55-65 cm, and meanwhile, 3 lower main branches are processed, wherein the method comprises the following steps: removing competitive branches of the main branch and the extension branch, and selecting lateral buds of the extension branch for light truncation; the back buds on the main branches are completely erased to reduce the emergence of the back buds in the next year; removing excessive branches from the trunk from the base, and slowly releasing the rest branches;

(2) and (3) trimming in the second year: in the growing season, 1 new tip with proper orientation and strong growth is selected from a plurality of new tips sent after the leading trunk is cut short and is left as an upper layer main branch for cultivation, the rest is erased, when the new tip is grown to 55-65 cm, the new tip is wound by a fiber strip and is fixed on a top wire netting, and the opening angle of the main branch is 70-80 degrees during fixing; meanwhile, selecting 1 robust lateral branch at the position of each lower-layer main branch, which is 50-60cm away from the trunk, culturing the lateral branch as a first lateral branch, taking the rest as fostering branches, growing bearing branches or bearing branch groups on the first lateral branch, and uniformly arranging and fixing extension heads of the lower-layer main branches and the bearing branches with the diameter larger than 1cm on a top wire gauze according to space after 8 months; in winter, cutting off each main branch on the upper and lower layers at the bud body filling position, removing the upper vigorous branches and the over dense lateral branches on the back of each main branch from the base of the branch, and then coating a protective agent on the cut and the saw cut;

(3) and (3) trimming in the third year: in the growing season, the first new tip on the extension head of the lower main branch is used as an extension head, the second new tip or the third new tip is used as a second side branch for culture, meanwhile, the first side branch of the upper main branch is cultured for 8 months, and the extension head of each main branch and the fruiting branch with the diameter larger than 1cm are uniformly distributed and fixed on the top wire netting according to the space; trimming in winter is the same as trimming in winter of the second year;

(4) and (5) trimming in the fourth year: and in the growing season, culturing the third lateral branch of the lower layer main branch and the second lateral branch of the upper layer main branch, and forming a tree shape.

Images