CN109202505A - 机床 - Google Patents

机床 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109202505A
CN109202505A CN201810650912.1A CN201810650912A CN109202505A CN 109202505 A CN109202505 A CN 109202505A CN 201810650912 A CN201810650912 A CN 201810650912A CN 109202505 A CN109202505 A CN 109202505A
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tool
main shaft
door
lathe
arm
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石川正宪
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Okuma Corp
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Okuma Corp
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
    • B23Q3/1554—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/08—Protective coverings for parts of machine tools; Splash guards
    • B23Q11/0883—Protective coverings for parts of machine tools; Splash guards for spindles, e.g. for their bearings or casings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/08—Protective coverings for parts of machine tools; Splash guards
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/08—Protective coverings for parts of machine tools; Splash guards
    • B23Q11/0891—Protective coverings for parts of machine tools; Splash guards arranged between the working area and the operator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
    • B23Q3/15553—Tensioning devices or tool holders, e.g. grippers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/157—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools
    • B23Q3/15713—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/157—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools
    • B23Q3/15713—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle
    • B23Q3/1572—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means
    • B23Q3/15753—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means the storage means rotating or circulating in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spindle
    • B23Q3/15766—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means the storage means rotating or circulating in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spindle the axis of the stored tools being arranged perpendicularly to the rotating or circulating plane of the storage means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/26—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports characterised by constructional features relating to the co-operation of relatively movable members; Means for preventing relative movement of such members
    • B23Q1/262—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports characterised by constructional features relating to the co-operation of relatively movable members; Means for preventing relative movement of such members with means to adjust the distance between the relatively slidable members
    • B23Q1/265—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports characterised by constructional features relating to the co-operation of relatively movable members; Means for preventing relative movement of such members with means to adjust the distance between the relatively slidable members between rotating members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/157—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools
    • B23Q3/15713—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle
    • B23Q3/1572—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means
    • B23Q3/15724—Chains or belts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/22—Feeding members carrying tools or work
    • B23Q5/34—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission
    • B23Q5/341—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission cam-operated
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T483/00—Tool changing
    • Y10T483/11—Tool changing with safety means
    • Y10T483/115—Guard

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automatic Tool Replacement In Machine Tools (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种机床，其能够在短时间内实施工具的自动更换，且加工作业效率良好。机床(卧式加工中心)(1)具有：遮蔽罩(5)，其覆盖主轴(3)的加工空间；门(10)，其用于对设置在该遮蔽罩(5)上的开口部(9)进行开闭；以及自动工具更换装置(ATC)(4)，其用于自动更换安装于主轴(3)的工具(T)。而且，ATC(4)通过使能够把持/释放工具(T)的更换臂(12)在与主轴(3)垂直的面内转动而进入/退出加工空间，由此更换安装于主轴(3)的工具(T)，并且更换臂(12)的转动与门(10)的开闭动作同步。

Description

机床
技术领域
本发明涉及具有工具自动更换装置的机床，所述工具自动更换装置用于在机床中自动更换安装于主轴的工具。
背景技术
在加工中心等普通的机床上，为了防止在主轴对被加工物(工件)的加工中产生的切屑或切削液飞散，设置有遮蔽罩以覆盖主轴和被加工物。并且，在近年的机床中附设有用于自动更换安装于主轴的工具的工具自动更换装置(ATC)。而且，作为这样的搭载有ATC的机床，公知有像专利文献1那样的机床：在遮蔽罩上设置有开口部和对该开口部进行开闭的门，门前后滑动而将开口部开放，并且使能够把持/释放工具的臂以前后轴为中心旋转，从敞开的开口部进入加工区域内，由此更换主轴的工具。
专利文献1：日本特开平8-318443号公报
在上述的机床中，不仅要求能够在短时间内切削被加工物，还要求缩短工具的自动更换和加工后的被加工物的更换等的非切削时间。然而，在上述专利文献1那样的机床中，由于臂的动作方向与遮蔽罩的门的动作方向垂直，因此，如果遮蔽罩没有大致完成开闭动作，则无法使安装有工具的臂旋转。此外，由于在工具中也存在长条的部件，因此很难将遮蔽罩的门的滑动距离设计得较短。因此，上述专利文献1那样的机床很难在短时间内进行工具的自动更换。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，解决上述专利文献1那样的现有机床所具有的问题，提供能够在短时间内实施工具的自动更换的加工作业效率良好的机床。
本发明的技术方案1是一种机床，其具有：遮蔽罩，其覆盖主轴的加工空间；门，其用于对设置在该遮蔽罩上的开口部进行开闭；以及工具自动更换装置，其用于自动更换安装于主轴的工具，其特征在于，所述工具自动更换装置通过使能够把持/释放工具的臂在与所述主轴垂直的面内转动而进入/退出所述加工空间，由此更换安装于主轴的工具，并且，所述臂的转动与所述门的开闭动作同步。
技术方案2的特征在于，在技术方案1的基础上，臂在接近所述主轴时的转动方向和门在将所述加工空间开放时的动作方向都是向上的。
在技术方案1的机床中，工具自动更换装置的臂的转动与遮蔽罩的门的开闭动作同步，因此，通过使工具自动更换装置的动作和门的开闭动作同时进行，能够缩短工具更换所需的时间，因此加工作业效率良好。
在技术方案2的机床中，臂接近主轴时的转动方向和将加工空间开放时的门的动作方向都向上，因此能够避免应对较长的工具的、门的滑动距离的浪费，能够进一步缩短非切削时间，因此加工作业效率极好。
附图说明
图1是示出机床的说明图(立体图)。
图2是示出工具自动更换装置的臂和遮蔽罩的门的动作内容的说明图(主视图)。
标号说明
1：机床；2：机床主体；3：主轴；4：ATC(工具自动更换装置)；5：遮蔽罩；10：门；11：刀具库；12：更换臂；14：工具保持件。
具体实施方式
＜机床的构造＞
以下，基于附图对本发明的机床的一个实施方式进行详细说明。图1示出了本发明的机床的一例，机床(卧式加工中心)1具有以下部分等：机床主体2，其具有能够安装工具T的主轴3；工具自动更换装置(以下，称作ATC)4，其用于自动更换工具T；遮蔽罩5，其用于遮蔽机床主体2以便在通过主轴3进行加工时避免切屑和切削液飞散；以及控制装置(未图示)，其用于控制主轴3对被加工物(工件)进行加工的内容。另外，在以下的说明中，像图1那样，将左右方向设为X轴方向、将上下方向设为Y轴方向、将前后方向设为Z轴方向而进行说明。
机床主体2具有作为基台的床身6、以使主轴3能够沿X轴、Y轴各方向移动的方式设置的主轴头7、以及用于载置被加工物的工作台8等，工作台8能够沿Z轴方向移动，能够使工作台8上的被加工物接近主轴3。
并且，遮蔽罩5由金属板以覆盖机床主体2的前方部分(即，主轴3的加工空间)的方式形成为长方体状。而且，在ATC 4的设置侧设置有矩形状的开口部(窗)9，该开口部9用于使安装于主轴3的工具T能够进行自动更换，在该开口部9处以能够上下移动的方式设置有金属板等的门(闸板)10。
另一方面，ATC 4具有以下部分等：刀具库11，其能够安装大量的工具T、T...；更换臂12，其用于在主轴3与刀具库11之间更换工具T；多个外置式油缸(未图示)，它们用于进行更换臂12对工具T的更换和门10的升降；以及凸轮箱13，其具有多个凸轮。
更换臂12形成为长条且平坦的板状，在两端设置有自如地安装和拆卸工具的切口(另外，在图中省略了用于安装和拆卸工具的机构的记载)。而且，通过以设置于长度方向的中央的背面的旋转轴(未图示)为中心，在与机床主体2的前表面平行的铅直面内进行转动和沿水平方向(Z轴方向)移动，由此能够在主轴3与刀具库11之间更换工具T。
并且，刀具库11能够使可安装工具T的多个保持件14、14...在与机床主体2的前表面平行的铅直面内以一定的椭圆状回旋，并且能够通过控制装置计算出更换臂12能够把持规定的工具T的位置。
＜机床的动作内容＞
以下，对ATC 4在上述机床1中自动更换工具T的情况的动作内容进行说明。另外，机床1中的ATC 4对工具T的自动更换是由控制装置(未图示)控制的。图2示出了ATC 4自动更换工具的情形，在主轴3通过工具T(T1)实施切削加工的情况下，门10为关闭的状态(位于下侧而遮蔽了开口部9的状态)，更换臂12成为以其长度方向与门10的板面平行的姿势进行待机的状态(参照图2的(a))。
然后，在主轴3结束了工具T1的加工而要对安装的工具T1进行更换的情况下，通过使遮蔽罩5的门10上升而将开口部9开放。并且，在该门10上升的同时，更换臂12向规定的方向(逆时针)旋转大约90度，利用一个切口把持主轴3的工具T1，同时把持刀具库11的工具T2(参照图2的(b))。另外，此时，更换臂12在与门10开始上升动作相同的时机开始旋转。
这样，在更换臂12将主轴3的工具T1和刀具库11的工具T2把持于两端后，进一步使更换臂12一边向规定的方向(逆时针)旋转大约180度一边向水平方向(Z轴方向)行进后退，将被一个切口把持着的工具T2安装于主轴3，同时将被另一个切口把持的工具T1安装于刀具库11的保持件14。
当像上述那样在主轴3与刀具库11之间更换了工具T1、T2之后，更换臂12向与工具更换时的旋转方向相反的方向(顺时针)旋转大约90度，恢复到以其长度方向与门10的板面平行的姿势进行待机的状态。而且，在该更换臂12转动的同时，遮蔽罩5的门10下降，从而将开口部9封闭(参照图2的(c))。另外，此时，门10在与更换臂12开始旋转动作相同的时机开始下降。
＜机床的效果＞
机床1具有：遮蔽罩5，其覆盖主轴3的加工空间；门10，其用于对设置于该遮蔽罩5上的开口部9进行开闭；以及ATC 4，其用于自动更换安装于主轴3的工具T。而且，在机床1中，像上述那样，ATC 4通过使能够把持/释放工具T的更换臂12在与主轴3垂直的面内转动而进入/退出加工空间，由此更换安装于主轴3的工具T，并且更换臂12的转动与门10的开闭动作同步，因此通过使ATC 4的动作和门10的开闭动作同时进行，能够缩短工具更换所需的时间，因此加工作业效率良好。
并且，在机床1中，由于更换臂12的向主轴3接近时的转动方向和将加工空间开放时的门10的动作方向都是向上，因此能够避免应对较长的工具的、门10的滑动距离的浪费，从而能够进一步缩短非切削时间，因此加工作业效率极好。
＜机床的变更例＞
本发明的机床的结构不限于上述实施方式的形态，能够在不脱离本发明的主旨的范围内，根据需要适当变更机床主体、主轴、ATC、遮蔽罩、门、刀具库、更换臂等的形状和构造等结构。例如，关于ATC的刀具库，并不限于使能够安装工具的多个保持件在与机床主体的前表面平行的铅直面内以一定的椭圆状回旋的情况，也可以是：使多个保持件在与前后方向平行的铅直面内以一定的圆状或椭圆状回旋等。并且，载置被加工物的工作台不限于像上述实施方式那样固定在床身上，也可以设置为能够以沿着X轴方向的旋转轴为中心进行旋转等。

Claims (2)

1.一种机床，其具有：遮蔽罩，其覆盖主轴的加工空间；门，其用于对设置在该遮蔽罩上的开口部进行开闭；以及工具自动更换装置，其用于自动更换安装于主轴的工具，其特征在于，
所述工具自动更换装置通过使能够把持/释放工具的臂在与所述主轴垂直的面内转动而进入/退出所述加工空间，由此更换安装于主轴的工具，并且，
所述臂的转动与所述门的开闭动作同步。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机床，其特征在于，
臂在接近所述主轴时的转动方向和门在将所述加工空间开放时的动作方向都是向上的。
CN201810650912.1A 2017-06-29 2018-06-22 机床 Pending CN109202505A (zh)

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