CN109197467A - A kind of control method of radish kind strain disease - Google Patents
A kind of control method of radish kind strain disease Download PDFInfo
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- CN109197467A CN109197467A CN201811336033.8A CN201811336033A CN109197467A CN 109197467 A CN109197467 A CN 109197467A CN 201811336033 A CN201811336033 A CN 201811336033A CN 109197467 A CN109197467 A CN 109197467A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of prevention and treatment side of radish kind strain disease, Major Diseases are black spot, black rot, soft rot；Specific control method are as follows: (1) prevention and treatment of vegetative growth phase: go old leaf: radish old leaf is extractd；It loosens the soil: in radish nutrient growth mid-term, being digged to the soil area of each plant of radish planting, inserts the sand soil for being mixed with zinc, manganese particle and lime；Control water；Spray medicament；(2) prevention and treatment after vegetative growth phase: the radish kind after harvesting, which is selected good strains in the field for seed, takes epidermis lesion diameter≤3.2 centimetre prevent and treat；First affected part is removed completely, then carry out primary sterilization and is stained with suction, then for progress electrode-induced processing at infection scab, is finally smeared using mixing powder；(3) it is colonized.The present invention be effectively ensured radish kind strain vegetative growth phase and storage period in winter fleshy root by infected from fungal disease, bacterial disease and caused by material lose the problems such as, solve the problems, such as it is of the existing technology, meet actual use.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of control methods of radish kind strain disease, belong to vegetables pest control techniques field.
Background technique
Radish is initiated by a kind of important vegetable crop in China, the complicated multiplicity of the ecological environment in China, radish germplasm money
Source is very rich.Although country increasingly payes attention to the protection of radish germ plasm resource, with the popularization of excellent radish Hybrid
And the change of peasant planting habit, there are also do not collected in time by breeder much the excellent radish germ plasm resources of preservation just by
Fade mistake, therefore is badly in need of to these radish resources protection and utilizations.And radish fleshy root is vulnerable to main disease during collecting preservation
The harmful loss for infecting and leading to rare material.Currently, the preventing and controlling of radish disease are concentrated mainly on Seed sterilization and radish
Vegetative growth stage sprays medicament to overground part and prevents and treats.With global warming, radish vegetative growth stage in recent years
Temperature is also relatively previous higher, causes radish leaf excessive growth, covers density height, poor air permeability, dew can not be effectively prevented by spraying medicament
The fleshy root of soil, the probability for causing fleshy root to be infected by germ increase.Traditional breeding method is to have filtered out after harvesting
The kind of scab, which is selected good strains in the field for seed, selects discarding, remaining storage freezer or kind strain cellar enter storage for the winter phase, screening removal again before next spring field planting
The kind strain that the storage for the winter phase catches an illness.As rare radish germ plasm resource, the standard character kind strain that is filtered out after harvesting fleshy root
If being infected with scab or storage period in winter catching an illness, not effective and feasible method is prevented and treated, this saves to the collection of radish germ plasm resource
Say it is fatal.It is solved for this reason, it may be necessary to research and develop the new technical solution of one kind and give.
Summary of the invention
The present invention effectively protects exactly in view of the deficienciess of the prior art, provide a kind of control method of radish kind strain disease
Demonstrate,proved radish kind strain vegetative growth phase and storage period in winter fleshy root by infected from fungal disease, bacterial disease and caused by material
The problems such as material is lost, solves the problems, such as of the existing technology, meets actual operation requirements.
To solve the above problems, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of control method of radish kind strain disease, Major Diseases are black spot, black rot, soft rot；Specific control method
Are as follows:
(1) prevention and treatment of vegetative growth phase
It goes old leaf: in the radish nutrient growth middle and later periods, radish old leaf being extractd, extracing quantity is total number of sheets
15%-25%；
It loosens the soil: in radish nutrient growth mid-term, being digged to the soil area of each plant of radish planting, inserts and be mixed with zinc, manganese
The sand soil of particle and lime, then flattens, and guarantees loosing soil and enhancing soil permeability；
Control water: when radish harvests, in 20%-30%, sand soil property soil is relatively wet for sticky soil property relative moisture of the soil control
Degree control is ≤20%；
Sprinkling medicament: the turnip leaves preserved are carried out spraying 40% thiram, 500 times of liquid, 47% Jia Ruinong wettable
Property pulvis 900 times of liquid, 77% can kill to obtain 600 times of liquid of wettable powder, 14% 350 times of liquid of network ammonia copper water agent, 12% green newborn copper cream
600 times of oily 600 times of liquid, 72% agricultural streptomycin, 4000 times of liquid, 50% ambam aqua, 800 times of liquid and 12% copper rosinate missible oil
Liquid；
(2) prevention and treatment after vegetative growth phase
Radish kind after harvesting, which is selected good strains in the field for seed, takes epidermis lesion diameter≤3.2 centimetre prevent and treat；
Control method:
(2.1) first affected part is removed completely, carries out primary sterilization with the alcohol of 45% concentration and clean, is then stained with
It inhales, then for progress electrode-induced processing at infection scab；
The electrode-induced processing are as follows: the infection scab of the radish kind strain of selection is disposed into the lower electricity into plasma device
On the medium of pole, voltage 2kV, electric current 1.2mA, gap 3mm operating condition under irradiate 3-5 seconds；
(2.2) progress treatment of wounds is smeared using mixing powder at infection scab again, places 10-15 points after smearing
Clock；Then wound is carried out again being stained with suction, carries out the smearing of second of mixing powder；After wound dehydrates air-dry, with laminated adhesive to wound
Mouth carries out smearing covering, then places 16-24 hours；
(3) it is colonized
By in the plantation to facility of the fleshy root of the strain of radish kind and disease-free spot radish kind strain after Prevention technology, mixing when field planting
Medicament C or D root dipping；Wherein, mixing powder includes A and B, and mixing powder A is in mass ratio, thiophanate methyl: can kill 3000
=1: 1.8-2.2；Mixing powder B be in mass ratio, can kill 3000: thiophanate methyl=1: 1.8-2.2；Confection C are as follows:
Can be killed to obtain by being added in every 1000 grams of water by 30000.6-0.8 grams, and 4.0-6.0 grams of thiophanate methyl and Ah 's suspending agent 0.5-0.7 are in the least
It rises；Confection D are as follows: 7.0-10.0 grams and 3.0-5.0 grams of bacillus subtilis of waxy Bacillus is added in every 1000 grams of water；
Laminated adhesive are as follows: 5.0-7.0 grams of guar gum, 35.0-40.0 grams of pulullan polysaccharide and glycerol 6.0-8.0 are added in every 100 grams of water
Gram.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, for the overwintering rear radish kind strain being colonized, after step (2) carries out Prevention technology,
By after Prevention technology the strain of radish kind and disease-free spot radish kind strain storage freezer or kind strain cellar it is overwintering；Before radish kind strain field planting, to kind of a strain
Postsearch screening is carried out, discovery storage period disease infestation forms the radish kind strain of scab, carries out secondary prevention and treatment, the same step of method (2).
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the laminated adhesive is prepared by the following method: heating the water to 25- first
35 DEG C, guar gum is added to the water stirring and dissolving, pulullan polysaccharide is then added and stirs evenly, is eventually adding glycerol, stirs
Form sticky liquid.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the environmental requirement of step (2) prevention and treatment: 15-25 DEG C of temperature, environment is kept
Humidity≤18%.
Compared with prior art, implementation result of the invention is as follows by the present invention:
(1) core of the invention is the selective penetrated property for enhancing molecule using electrode-induced, then passes through removal scab, prevention and treatment
The method of germ and overlay film isolation is prevented come germplasm losing issue caused by solving radish Rare Kinds due to fleshy root infects disease
Control success rate height；(2) mixing powder of the present invention be thiophanate methyl and can kill 3000, different proportion distinguishes blackspot
Disease, black rot, soft rot play the role of preferable control efficiency, while can play local fast dewatering again, are conducive to wound wind
It is dry, it is convenient for overlay film；(3) covering material of the present invention is pulullan polysaccharide, guar gum and glycerol.In pulullan polysaccharide structure
High resilience, transparency is high, and oil resistance, oxygen barrier are good, soluble easily in water, does laminated adhesive stability in use height, can effectively play protection wound
The effect of mouth；The viscosity of laminated adhesive can be improved in guar gum, and the mechanical performance of laminated adhesive can be improved in glycerol.Three carries out group
It closes, good film-forming property, the stability of film is high, and the strain of radish kind will not be cracked through long-term preservation (overwintering), thus to radish kind strain
Wound carry out permanently effective protection；(4) present invention is by going old leaf, loosening the soil, control water and spray the modes such as medicament and reduce
Germ is infected and physical trauma, by scab using removal scab, anti-pathogen and overlay film isolation method come to scab into
Row prevention and treatment, avoids the loss of radish kind strain comprehensively, by the different quick root dippings of medicament, further avoids germ and infect.
In summary: kind of the strain high survival rate of catching an illness prevented and treated using the method for the present invention, comprehensive radish mortality, can less than 1%
Smoothly complete the preservation of radish germ plasm resource.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate the contents of the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
Embodiment
The Major Diseases such as black spot, black rot, soft rot primarily directed to radish fleshy root.Wherein mainly have black rot,
Mainly by root rot, sclerotiniose, bacterial disease causes soft rot.The above germ likes warm, moist condition, generally passes through
Fleshy root wound, breach infect.
Embodiment
The kind that the present embodiment is selected is conventional variety characteristic: fleshy root elongated cylindrical, white skin plain boiled pork, fleshy root moisture contain
Amount is high, easily catches an illness, and it is high that strain dead plant rate is planted after catching an illness.
Specific control method is as follows:
(1) prevention and treatment of vegetative growth phase
It goes old leaf: in the radish nutrient growth middle and later periods, radish old leaf disposably being extractd, excision quantity is total number of sheets
15%-25%；More specifically, (interval time is 6-8 days twice) can be extractd in two times to the old leaf of radish, every time
It extracts quantity 4-6 piece (20-25% of total number of sheets), increases light transmission ventilation, reduce germ and infect chance；
It loosens the soil: in radish nutrient growth mid-term, being digged to the soil area of each plant of radish planting, inserts and be mixed with zinc, manganese
The sand soil of particle and lime, then flattens, and guarantees loosing soil and enhancing soil permeability, in addition, having to radish root
It carries out the sterilizing of heavy metal ion, hinder the effect of bacterial activity；
Control water: when radish harvests, in 20%-30%, sand soil property soil is relatively wet for sticky soil property relative moisture of the soil control
Degree control is ≤20%；
Sprinkling medicament: the turnip leaves preserved are carried out spraying 40% thiram, 500 times of liquid, 47% Jia Ruinong wettable
Property pulvis 900 times of liquid, 77% can kill to obtain 600 times of liquid of wettable powder, 14% 350 times of liquid of network ammonia copper water agent, 12% green newborn copper cream
600 times of oily 600 times of liquid, 72% agricultural streptomycin, 4000 times of liquid, 50% ambam aqua, 800 times of liquid and 12% copper rosinate missible oil
Liquid.
(2) prevention and treatment after vegetative growth phase
Radish kind after harvesting, which is selected good strains in the field for seed, takes epidermis lesion diameter≤3.2 centimetre prevent and treat；
Control method:
(2.1) first affected part is removed completely, carries out primary sterilization with the alcohol of 45% concentration and clean, is then stained with
It inhales, then for progress electrode-induced processing at infection scab；
The electrode-induced processing are as follows: the infection scab of the radish kind strain of selection is disposed into the lower electricity into plasma device
On the medium of pole, voltage 2kV, electric current 1.2mA, gap 3mm operating condition under irradiate 3-5 seconds, enhance the selective penetrated property of molecule,
At this point, harmful bacteria molecule will be sterilized by electrode, and active advantageous molecule can cover and be restored at infection scab；
(2.2) progress treatment of wounds is smeared using mixing powder at infection scab again, places 10-15 points after smearing
Clock；Then wound is carried out again being stained with suction, carries out the smearing of second of mixing powder；After wound dehydrates air-dry, with laminated adhesive to wound
Mouth carries out smearing covering, then places 16-24 hours.
(3) object filtering
Fleshy root is picked out from 383 plants of radish of harvesting have radish 25 of scab, wherein lesion diameter > 3.2cm
It radish 3, discards；Lesion diameter≤3.2cm radish 22, including, black rot spot, 7,7, soft rot spot, blackspot scab 8
It is a, they are subjected to treatment of wounds.
(4) radish kind strain fleshy root of catching an illness is treated into activating method
Environmental requirement: it 15-20 DEG C of temperature, keeps ambient humidity within 20% or fine outdoor can also.
Affected part processing: affected part is removed completely with the scalpel of sterilizing.
Treatment of wounds: soft rot spot and black rot spot are smeared using following mixing powder A, and blackspot scab uses following
Mixing powder B is smeared, and 5min is placed after smearing, is carried out being stained with suction to wound with the absorbent cotton wool of sterilizing, is carried out second and is mixed
The smearing of pulvis is closed, is then placed 1.5 hours, wound dehydrates are air-dried.
Coating processing: laminated adhesive is picked with the swab stick of sterilizing, smearing covering is carried out to wound, is then placed 24 hours.Its
In, the ingredient of the confection are as follows: mixing powder A (directed toward bacteria infects scab): in mass ratio, thiophanate methyl: can kill
Obtain 3000=1: 2；Mixing powder B (be directed to fungal infection scab): in mass ratio, can kill 3000: thiophanate methyl=1: 2；
Confection C (root-soaking agent-of the prevention and treatment bacterium and fungi radish varieties high for moisture content): being added in every 1000 grams of water can
Kill to obtain 0.7 gram of 3000- pulvis (Du Pont), 5.0 grams of thiophanate methyl-pulvis (day Cao), 0.6 milliliter of Ah stone roller-suspending agent (Du Pont),
It is spare after three is stirred and evenly mixed.
Laminated adhesive: 6.0 grams of guar gum, 38.0 grams of pulullan polysaccharide, 7.0 grams of glycerol are added in every 100 grams of water.First will
Water is heated to 30 DEG C, and guar gum is added to the water stirring and dissolving, and then a small amount of pulullan polysaccharide that is repeatedly added stirs evenly, most
After be added glycerol, stirring forms sticky liquid, and when use is applied on wound, forms film in wound surface.Filming agent can mention
The previous day prepares, and room temperature is stored in closed glass container.
Note: thiophanate methyl (day Cao): being produced by Longdeng Chemical Co Ltd, Jiangsu, and active constituent content is methyl sulphur
Bacterium spirit 70%, wettable powder, wide-spectrum bactericide have preventive and therapeutic effect to various crop fungal disease, stablize to acid, alkali.
Can kill 3000: produced by DuPont Corporation, 46% Kocide SD of effective ingredient, water dispersion granule, wide spectrum
Fungicide has preventive and therapeutic effect to various crop bacterial disease.
Ah Tuo: being produced by DuPont Corporation, and it is completely new first that active constituent content, which is 22.5% chlorfenapyr suspending agent,
Oxygroup acrylic bactericide, broad-spectrum sterilization.
Pulullan polysaccharide (Pullulan) by Japanese woods original production is repeated by α-Isosorbide-5-Nitrae glucosides key connection maltotriose
Unit is through α -1, straight-chain polysaccharide that 6 glycosidic bonds are polymerized.High resilience on the polysaccharide structures, it is soluble easily in water, envelope can be made
Agent uses.
Guar gum is produced by Beijing Suo Laibao Science and Technology Ltd, is a kind of water soluble polymer, chemistry
Entitled guar hydroxypropyltrimonium ammonium chloride can form highly viscous solution, make thickener at low concentrations.
Glycerol is produced by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., and effective component is glycerine, can be arbitrarily miscible with water,
Toughness and elasticity can be increased, make plasticizer.The scalpel, absorbent cotton wool and swab stick are using being preceding both needed to 121 DEG C of high-temperature sterilization pot
Lower sterilizing 20min.
(5) cultivation management
The excellent disease-free spot radish kind strain of the character of the strain of radish kind and screening after Prevention technology is planted in facility together, it is fixed
With the quick root dipping of confection C when plant, other manage same conventional method.
(6) seed is harvested
Using harvest to seed as the whether effective standard of the present embodiment control method, specific control efficiency is as shown in table 1.
As can be seen from Table 1: survival rate is 100% after black rot, black spot processing, and soft rot survival rate is 86%；Card
It is bright with this method handle by fungal disease, bacterial disease infect the scab to be formed be it is feasible, can ensure that using this method
Seed can be obtained, precious radish germ plasm resource is remained.
Under conventional conditions, without past old leaf, loosen the soil, control water, sprinkling medicament and scab handle, radish harvest when because
Kind of strain mortality caused by disease infestation is 6% or so.Compared to traditional technology, method of the invention can effectively reduce kind of strain and eliminate
Quantity (mortality is less than 1%) is a kind of effective germ plasm resource redemption new method.
The foregoing is a detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments, and it cannot be said that the present invention is specifically real
It applies and is only limitted to these explanations.For those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs, before not departing from present inventive concept
It puts, a number of simple deductions or replacements can also be made, all shall be regarded as belonging to the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of control method of radish kind strain disease, it is characterised in that: Major Diseases are black rot, soft rot, black spot；Tool
Body control method are as follows:
(1) prevention and treatment of vegetative growth phase
It goes old leaf: in the radish nutrient growth middle and later periods, radish old leaf being extractd, extract the 15%- that quantity is total number of sheets
25%；
It loosens the soil: in radish nutrient growth mid-term, being digged to the soil area of each plant of radish planting, inserts and be mixed with zinc, manganese particle
And the sand soil of lime, it then flattens, guarantees loosing soil and enhancing soil permeability；
Control water: when radish harvests, sticky soil property relative moisture of the soil control is in 20%-30%, sand soil property relative moisture of the soil control
System is ≤20%；
Sprinkling medicament: the turnip leaves preserved are carried out to spray 40% thiram, 500 times of liquid, 47% Jia Ruinong wettable powder
900 times of liquid of agent, 77% can kill to obtain 600 times of liquid of wettable powder, 14% 350 times of liquid of network ammonia copper water agent, 12% green newborn copper missible oil 600
Times 600 times of liquid, 72% agricultural streptomycin, 4000 times of liquid, 50% ambam aqua, 800 times of liquid and 12% copper rosinate missible oil liquid；
(2) prevention and treatment after vegetative growth phase
Radish kind after harvesting, which is selected good strains in the field for seed, takes epidermis lesion diameter≤3.2 centimetre prevent and treat；
Control method:
(2.1) first affected part is removed completely, carries out primary sterilization with the alcohol of 45% concentration and clean, then carries out being stained with suction,
Again for progress electrode-induced processing at infection scab；
The electrode-induced processing are as follows: the infection scab of the radish kind strain of selection is disposed into lower electrode Jie into plasma device
In matter, voltage 2kV, electric current 1.2mA, gap 3mm operating condition under irradiate 3-5 seconds；
(2.2) progress treatment of wounds is smeared using mixing powder at infection scab again, is placed 10-15 minutes after smearing；So
Wound is carried out again afterwards to be stained with suction, carries out the smearing of second of mixing powder；After wound dehydrates air-dry, wound is carried out with laminated adhesive
Covering is smeared, is then placed 16-24 hours；
(3) it is colonized
By in the plantation to facility of the fleshy root of the strain of radish kind and disease-free spot radish kind strain after Prevention technology, confection when field planting
C or D root dipping；Wherein, mixing powder includes A and B, and mixing powder A is in mass ratio, thiophanate methyl: 3000=1 can be killed to obtain:
1.8-2.2；Mixing powder B be in mass ratio, can kill 3000: thiophanate methyl=1: 1.8-2.2；Confection C are as follows: every
Can be killed to obtain by being added in 1000 grams of water by 30000.6-0.8 grams, 4.0-6.0 grams and 0.5-0.7 milliliters of Ah 's suspending agent of thiophanate methyl；
Confection D are as follows: 7.0-10.0 grams and 3.0-5.0 grams of bacillus subtilis of waxy Bacillus is added in every 1000 grams of water；It covers
Film glue are as follows: 5.0-7.0 grams of guar gum of addition, 35.0-40.0 grams of pulullan polysaccharide and 6.0-8.0 grams of glycerol in every 100 grams of water.
2. a kind of control method of radish kind strain disease according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: for overwintering rear field planting
Radish kind strain, step (2) carry out Prevention technology after, by after Prevention technology the strain of radish kind and disease-free spot radish kind strain store freezer
Or kind strain cellar is overwintering；Before radish kind strain field planting, postsearch screening is carried out to kind of strain, discovery storage period disease infestation forms the radish of scab
Kind strain, carries out secondary prevention and treatment, the same step of method (2).
3. a kind of control method of radish kind strain disease according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the laminated adhesive by
Following methods are prepared: heating the water to 25-35 DEG C first, guar gum is added to the water stirring and dissolving, is then added general
Shandong orchid polysaccharide stirs evenly, and is eventually adding glycerol, and stirring forms sticky liquid.
4. a kind of control method of radish kind strain disease according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the step (2)
The environmental requirement of prevention and treatment: 15-25 DEG C of temperature, ambient humidity≤18% is kept.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114009259A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2022-02-08 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for preventing and treating black rot of cabbage vegetables in seedling stage |
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Application publication date: 20190115 |