CN109197396B - Fruiting method for industrial bagged wall type three-dimensional planting of pleurotus eryngii - Google Patents
Fruiting method for industrial bagged wall type three-dimensional planting of pleurotus eryngii Download PDFInfo
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- CN109197396B CN109197396B CN201811209810.2A CN201811209810A CN109197396B CN 109197396 B CN109197396 B CN 109197396B CN 201811209810 A CN201811209810 A CN 201811209810A CN 109197396 B CN109197396 B CN 109197396B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
- A01G18/69—Arrangements for managing the environment, e.g. sprinklers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
- A01G18/62—Racks; Trays
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
- A01G18/64—Cultivation containers; Lids therefor
- A01G18/66—Cultivation bags
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a fruiting method for industrial bagged wall type three-dimensional planting of pleurotus eryngii, which comprises the steps of temperature and humidity regulation system setting and fruiting management; the temperature and humidity regulating system is arranged in a fruiting room, cloth curtains which can be wound upwards are arranged between the three-dimensional planting frames in the fruiting room and between the fruiting surfaces of the three-dimensional planting frames and walls, and a water supply device which seeps water or sprays water to the cloth curtains is arranged above or on the side surface of the upper part of the cloth curtains, so that the water seeps downwards along the cloth curtains to the ground of the fruiting room; the humidity of the mushroom growing room is regulated and controlled by regulating the interval/duration time and flow of water supply, and the temperature of the mushroom growing room is regulated by regulating the water temperature of water supply; the fruiting management comprises 1) loosening the bag to promote bud growth, 2) opening the bag to grow bud, 3) bud thinning and maintaining, 4) extending the mushroom body, and 5) harvesting the grown mushroom. The fruiting method provided by the invention adjusts the temperature and humidity of the fruiting room through the water supply seepage cloth curtain, is convenient and rapid, has good temperature and humidity consistency at each position of the fruiting room, ensures that the pleurotus eryngii has good fruiting and growth and development consistency, has high quality and yield, and is suitable for popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pleurotus eryngii planting, and particularly relates to a fruiting method for industrial bagged wall type three-dimensional planting of pleurotus eryngii.
Background
Pleurotus eryngii, also called Pleurotus eryngii, pleurotus eryngii, etc., is mostly rod-shaped, bowling ball-shaped or drumstick-shaped in shape, and the hypha is fine and white in the initial stage and has a lock-shaped combination; the fruiting body is single or group, the pileus diameter is 2-12cm, the pileus is round or hemispherical at the initial stage, then the pileus is slowly flattened, the center is concaved into a funnel shape or a fan shape after the pileus is matured, the pileus is inward curled and gray at the early stage, the pileus is wavy or deep cracked after being matured, and the pileus is light yellow or light gray, and is an edible fungus variety with higher commercial value. The pleurotus eryngii has white mushroom meat, rich texture, crisp and smooth mouthfeel, aromatic flavor similar to almond, delicious taste like abalone, complete nutrient components and low fat content, comprises rich protein, dietary fiber, functional polysaccharide, various mineral elements and the like, enjoys the reputation of the pleurotus ostreatus king and is deeply popular with consumers. In recent years, due to the development and maturity of edible mushroom cultivation technology, the cultivation of pleurotus eryngii realizes large-scale and industrial batch production.
At present, the industrial production of pleurotus eryngii mostly adopts a wall type three-dimensional planting method, and the main process flow comprises the following steps: (1) selection and pretreatment of production matrix: the culture medium takes the agricultural and forestry product waste materials such as cottonseed hulls, corncobs, sawdust, bran and the like as main materials, takes corn flour, lime, light calcium and bean pulp as auxiliary materials, and performs corresponding pretreatment on the raw materials. (2) Mixing and bagging: according to the formula of the culture medium, the main material is added with a small amount of water and stirred, then the auxiliary material is added and stirred, and the water content is adjusted to be 60-65%, and the pH value is adjusted to be 7.0-8.5; selecting polypropylene or polyethylene plastic bags as fungus bags for bagging. (3) And (3) sterilization and cooling: sterilizing the filled fungus bags at 121-123 deg.C under high temperature and high pressure, transferring to a cooling chamber, and cooling to a temperature below 25 deg.C. (4) Inoculation and hypha culture: inoculating liquid strains in each strain bag by adopting a strictly sterilized inoculation chamber and inoculation equipment; transferring the inoculated fungus bags into a cultivation room with the humidity of 60-65% and the temperature of 21-23 ℃ for dark cultivation, transferring the fungus bags into a fungus cultivation room for fungus cultivation when white hyphae grow on the surface of the material, performing after-ripening cultivation after the hyphae eat the culture medium nourishment thoroughly, and then transferring the fungus bags out of a mushroom room for bud promotion. (5) And (3) fruiting management: controlling the temperature and humidity of the mushroom growing room, enhancing ventilation, increasing scattered light stimulation, and gradually generating primordium at the bag mouth of the mushroom bag and differentiating to form mushroom buds; thinning when the mushroom buds grow to about 2cm, and leaving 2-4 mushroom buds with good positions, round shape, good marketability and strong mushroom bodies; controlling environmental conditions to make fruiting body grow up, and harvesting when the mushroom stem grows to about 15cm and the diameter is 5-7 cm. (6) Harvesting and packaging: cutting the mature mushroom bodies from the base by using a disinfection blade for harvesting; cutting off mushroom feet from the harvested fresh mushrooms, cleaning, and packaging in grades.
The requirements of fruiting management operation on environment conditions of a fruiting room are severe, and the fruiting consistency, the quality and the yield of pleurotus eryngii and the like are seriously influenced by conditions such as temperature, humidity, ventilation and illumination. Wherein, the humidity of the mushroom growing room is particularly difficult to regulate and control, and the operation is complicated. In order to control the air humidity of the mushroom growing room to be 85% -90% of the requirement, water needs to be sprayed once at certain time intervals every day, water pipes are used for spraying water to the space, the wall and the pavement, the water distribution is not uniform, the humidity difference of low middle and high periphery, low upper part and high ground in the mushroom growing room is caused, and the mushroom growing consistency is poor; when water is sprayed, water is easily and directly sprayed on the mushroom bodies to enable the fruit bodies to be yellow, bacteria can be infected in serious cases to cause rottenness, the yield and the quality of the mushroom bodies are seriously affected, and the operation difficulty is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fruiting method for industrially bagging pleurotus eryngii and three-dimensional planting of pleurotus eryngii in a wall type, temperature and humidity control of a fruiting room is convenient and rapid, accuracy is high, pleurotus eryngii fruiting and growth and development consistency are good, and quality and yield are high.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a fruiting method for industrial bagged wall type stereo planting of Pleurotus eryngii comprises setting a temperature and humidity control system and fruiting management; the temperature and humidity regulating system is characterized in that cloth curtains capable of being wound upwards are arranged between the three-dimensional planting frames in the fruiting room and between fruiting surfaces and walls of the three-dimensional planting frames, and a water supply device for water seepage or water spray to the cloth curtains is arranged above or on the side surface of the upper part of the cloth curtains, so that water seeps downwards along the cloth curtains to the ground of the fruiting room; the humidity of the mushroom growing room is regulated and controlled by regulating the interval/duration time and flow of water supply, and the temperature of the mushroom growing room is regulated by regulating the water temperature of water supply;
the fruiting management comprises the following steps:
1) loosening the bag to hasten bud: after the fungus bags are moved into a mushroom-out room, the fungus bags are transversely stacked and placed on a three-dimensional planting frame, the temperature of the mushroom-out room is controlled to be 22-24 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 80-84% through the temperature and humidity control system, and the mushroom bags are mixed for 1 day;
controlling the temperature of a fruiting room to be reduced to below 20 ℃ and the humidity to be 86% -90% by the temperature and humidity control system on the 2 nd day, loosening the bag opening and pulling the bag end to enable a gap to be formed between a bag film and the material end, and then starting to cool, wherein the cooling refers to reducing the temperature of the fruiting room to 13 ℃ -15 ℃ by the temperature and humidity control system and preserving heat for 10-12h, then heating to 17 ℃ -19 ℃ and preserving heat for 10-12h, and then cooling to 12 ℃ -14 ℃ until white massive primordia or small mushroom buds appear at the material end;
2) opening the bag and budding: turning the bag mouth of the mushroom bag outwards to expose the material end, and controlling the temperature of the fruiting room to be 12-14 ℃ and the humidity to be 91-95% by the temperature and humidity control system;
3) bud thinning and maintenance: thinning when the mushroom buds grow to 1-3cm, and keeping 1-4 mushroom buds with better mushroom shape; bactericide is added into the water supply of the temperature and humidity regulating system, and the bactericide flows to the ground of the fruiting room along with the water and seeps downwards along the cloth curtain, so that wound infection is prevented;
4) elongation of mushroom body: after bud thinning, controlling the temperature of the mushroom growing room to be 15-18 ℃ and the humidity to be 86-90% by the temperature and humidity control system, and continuously culturing until the mushroom body extends to be more than 12 cm;
5) and (3) fruiting and harvesting: after the mushroom body is mature, the temperature of the fruiting room is controlled to be 13-15 ℃ and the humidity is controlled to be 75-79% through the temperature and humidity control system, and harvesting is carried out.
In the fruiting management process, the ventilation is used for regulating and controlling the CO in the fruiting room2The concentration is specifically as follows: step 1) CO during the bud forcing period by loosening the bag2The concentration is not higher than 3000 ppm; step 2) opening bags to generate buds and step 3) CO during bud thinning and maintenance2The concentration is not higher than 4000 ppm; step 4) CO during elongation of mushroom body2The concentration is not higher than 5000 ppm; step 5) CO during fruiting harvest2The concentration is not higher than 3000 ppm.
In the fruiting management process, the illumination intensity in the period of bag loosening and bud forcing in the step 1) is 400-500 lux; step 2) opening the bag to extract buds and step 3) keeping the illumination intensity during the bud thinning and maintenance period at 600-; the light intensity during the mushroom body elongation in the step 4) and the mushroom harvesting in the step 5) is 200-300 lux.
The time from the movement of the fungus bags into the mushroom growing room to the harvest of the grown mushrooms is 14-18 days.
In the step 1), the water content of the fungus bag is 65-70%.
And 5) when the mushroom body pileus is flat, the middle of the mushroom body is concave, villi is on the surface of the mushroom body, and spores are not ejected yet, harvesting is carried out.
And 5) cleaning the material surface after the mushroom bodies are harvested, closing the temperature and humidity regulating and controlling system to enable the mushroom bags to live and culture the mushrooms for 5-10 days, and then restarting to control humidity, control temperature and ventilate to promote the second damp mushroom.
And reserving 1-2 mushroom buds according to the actual growth condition when the second tide of mushrooms are subjected to bud thinning.
According to the fruiting method for industrial bagged wall type three-dimensional planting of pleurotus eryngii, the temperature and the humidity in the house body are adjusted through the water supply seepage cloth curtain, the adjustment precision is high, convenience and rapidness are realized, automatic management is easy to realize, and the temperature and humidity consistency at each position of the house body is good; by reasonably regulating and controlling the temperature, humidity, illumination and ventilation conditions of each stage of fruiting management, the fruiting method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the growth speed of pleurotus eryngii is high, the fruiting time is short, and the planting efficiency is high; by combining the fruiting room structure and the temperature and humidity regulation and control system, the single fresh pleurotus eryngii obtained by the fruiting method has high gram weight and full mushroom bodies, and the first tide of pleurotus eryngii and the second tide of pleurotus eryngii both reach the large 1 grade of the grading standard and have high quality; the obtained single fresh pleurotus eryngii has small individual gram weight difference, the gram weight difference of the first tide of pleurotus eryngii is within 20g, the gram weight difference of the second tide of pleurotus eryngii is within 30g, the elimination rate of the polluted putrefying fungus bags is less than 0.5%, and the consistency of fruiting and growth and development of pleurotus eryngii bodies is good; the total biotransformation rate of the two-tide mushrooms reaches more than 140%, the yield is high, the bioavailability of the cultivation material is high, and the economic benefit is good.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a mushroom growing room for industrial bagged wall type three-dimensional cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii in embodiment 1;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a mushroom growing room for industrial bagged wall type three-dimensional cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the roll-up box of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the roll-up cassette of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is an electrical connection diagram of a control system of a mushroom growing room for industrial bagged wall type three-dimensional cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii;
reference numerals: 1-house body, 101-wall, 102-floor, 103-roof, 2-stereoscopic planting frame, 201-fruiting surface, 3-cloth curtain, 4-water supply device, 5-rolling curtain motor, 6-rolling box, 601-side opening, 602-water outlet, 603-overflow plate, 604-mounting frame, 7-scroll, 701-rolling bearing, 8-guide roller, 9-curtain drop, 10-water supply pipeline, 11-water supply device, 111-seepage branch pipe, 112-protective cover, 12-water collector, 121-sterilizing agent feed inlet, 13-water supply pump, 14-reflux pipeline, 15-water collection funnel, 16-water collection tank, 17-air vent, 18-air inlet machine, 19-exhaust machine, 20-lighting device, 21-water supply branch pipe.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1
The pleurotus eryngii factory-like bag-wall type three-dimensional cultivation fruiting house comprises a house body 1 formed by enclosing walls 101, a floor 102 and a roof 103, wherein regularly arranged three-dimensional cultivation frames 2 used for placing mushroom bags are arranged in the house body 1, each three-dimensional cultivation frame 2 is a multilayer storage rack formed by welding a carbon steel frame and horizontal net plates, the distance between the horizontal net plate at the bottommost layer and the floor 102 is 20cm, the distance between each horizontal net plate is 30cm, the mushroom bags are transversely stacked on the horizontal net plates to form a wall type three-dimensional cultivation mode, fruiting surfaces of the mushroom bags face outwards, and two side surfaces of the three-dimensional cultivation frames are fruiting surfaces after the mushroom bags are put on the shelf.
A temperature and humidity regulating system is further arranged in the house body 1 and comprises a plurality of groups of roller shutter devices and a water supply device 4, wherein each group of roller shutter devices comprises a roller shutter motor 5, a rolling box 6, a winding shaft 7 and a cloth curtain 3, the roller shutter motor is arranged in the house body 1 and close to the roof 103, the cloth curtain 3 is wound, and the cloth curtain 3 which can be wound upwards is arranged between the three-dimensional planting frames 2 or between the fruiting surface 201 of the three-dimensional planting frame 2 and the wall 101; the rolling shutter motor 5 is fixedly arranged at the upper part of one side wall 101, and the rolling box 6 is fixedly arranged on the roof 103 through a mounting rack 604; the winding shaft 7 is arranged in the winding box 6 and is arranged on two side walls of the winding box 6 through rotating bearings 701 at two ends, and one end of the winding shaft 7 extends out of the winding box 6 and is connected with a driving shaft of the roller shutter motor 5; a pair of cylindrical guide rollers 8 are rotatably arranged at the upper and lower edges of the side opening 601 of the winding box 6, one end of the cloth curtain 3 is wound on the winding shaft 7, the tail end of the cloth curtain 3 is detachably fixed on the winding shaft 7, and the other end of the cloth curtain 3 extends out of the space between the pair of guide rollers 8 at the side opening 601 of the winding box 6 and is provided with a curtain weight 9 at the tail end of the cloth curtain for keeping the cloth curtain 3 in a vertical downward direction.
The roller shutter motor 5 drives the scroll 7 to rotate, and the cloth curtain 3 can be retracted or put down; the guide roller 8 is used for preventing the edge of the side opening 601 from scratching the cloth curtain 3, so that the cloth curtain is convenient to roll; the distance between the upper guide roller 8 and the lower guide roller 8 is smaller than the width of the curtain drop 9, so that the tail end of the cloth curtain 3 is prevented from entering the winding box 6, and the cloth curtain is conveniently put down again.
The water supply device 4 comprises a water collector 12, a water supply pipeline 10, a water supply pump 13 arranged on the water supply pipeline 10 and a water supply device 11, wherein the water collector 12 is arranged at one side outside the house body 1, and the water collector 12 is communicated with the water supply device 11 through the water supply pipeline 10; the water feeder 11 is a seepage pipe and is arranged above the side opening 601 close to the inside of the rolling box 6, the lower part of the water feeder 11 is provided with a plurality of seepage branch pipes 111 which are arranged in order along the length direction of the water feeder, and the distance between the adjacent seepage branch pipes is 2cm and is used for seeping water into the cloth curtain 3 so that the water seeps to the floor 102 along the cloth curtain 3; the outside of water feeder 11 and seepage branch pipe 111 still is equipped with cylindric safety cover 112, one side of safety cover 112 is fixed on the inner wall of rolling box 6, and the end opening of seepage branch pipe 111 is corresponding in the bottom of safety cover 112, including the seepage branch pipe protection when not influencing the infiltration, prevent at the rolling or the mouth edge fish tail curtain of the in-process seepage branch pipe of unreeling.
A water collecting funnel 15 corresponding to the cloth curtain 3 is arranged on the floor 102, and the water collecting funnel 15 is communicated with the water collector 12 through a water collecting groove 16; the accumulated water in the water collection funnel 15 on the floor 102 flows back to the water collector 12 through the water collection tank 16 for recycling. The water collector 12 is provided with a heating device, a cooling device, a second temperature sensor and a sterilizing agent feed opening 121, and can provide water with the temperature of 5-40 ℃.
A water outlet 602 is arranged at the bottom of the rolling box 6, and the water outlet 602 is communicated with the water collector 12 through a return pipeline 14; the water outlet 602 is arranged at the bottom of one side of the winding box 6 far away from the side outlet 601 of the winding box, an overflow plate 603 is arranged in the winding box 6 and surrounds above the water outlet 602, and the height of the overflow plate 603 is slightly lower than the lower opening edge of the side outlet 601 (the uppermost part of the lower guide roller). The water seepage effect of the dry cloth curtain is poor and the water is easy to splash, so that the rolling box 6 is a water storage container except for protecting the rolled cloth curtain 3, the water feeder 11 is arranged in the rolling box 6, the length of the water feeder 11 is slightly larger than that of the cloth curtain 3, and before the cloth curtain 3 is put down, a certain amount of water is injected into the rolling box 6 in advance to enable the cloth curtain 3 to be wetted in advance and then be unreeled for use. The water overflowed from the coiling box 6 flows back to the water collector 12 through the water outlet 602 and the return pipeline 14 for recycling.
The room body 1 is internally provided with a lighting device 16 with the illumination intensity of 200 and 1000 luxes for providing illumination for the fruiting room. A ventilation opening 17 is formed in a wall 101, which is perpendicular to the extending direction of the cloth curtain 3, in the house body 1; an air inlet machine 18 or an exhaust fan 19 (the air inlet machine 18 is arranged at one side, the exhaust fan 19 is arranged at the opposite side) is arranged at the vent 17 and is used for ventilating the fruiting room and regulating and controlling CO in the room body2And (4) concentration.
The temperature and humidity control system further comprises a plurality of first temperature sensors, humidity sensors and carbon dioxide sensors which are arranged at a plurality of positions in the room body 1, as shown in fig. 5, the first temperature sensors, the humidity sensors, the carbon dioxide sensors and the second temperature sensors on the water collector in the fruiting room body are respectively and electrically connected with the controller, and the controller is also respectively and electrically connected with the roller shutter motor 5, the lighting device 16, the air inlet machine 18, the exhaust fan 19 and the heating device, the cooling device and the water supply pump 13 on the water collector 12.
When the mushroom-outputting house for the industrial bagged wall type three-dimensional planting of pleurotus eryngii of the embodiment is used, the water supply device is firstly started, water in the water collector 12 enters the water supply branch pipe 21 through the water supply pipeline 10 under the action of the water supply pump 13, then enters the seepage branch pipe 111 through the water supply device 11 (seepage pipe) to seep and enter the rolling box 6, so that the cloth curtains 3 stored on the reel 7 of the rolling box 6 are wetted, and the water supply pump 13 is closed when the water level in the rolling box reaches the overflow plate 603; the water overflowing through the overflow plate 603 flows back to the water collector 12 through the return pipe 14 through the water outlet 602 for recycling. The roller shutter motor 5 is started to unreel the cloth curtain 3, the cloth curtain 3 is vertically lowered to the floor 102 under the action of the gravity of the curtain plummet 9, the water supply pump 13 is started again, and the seepage branch pipe 111 seeps water into the cloth curtain, so that the water seeps to the floor 102 along the cloth curtain 3; the accumulated water in the water collection funnel 15 on the floor 102 flows back to the water collector 12 through the water collection tank 16 for recycling.
Because the space between the three-dimensional planting frames after the pleurotus eryngii is grown is narrow and the light of the growing room is dark, on one hand, water is easily sprinkled or splashed onto the pleurotus eryngii body by manual watering, so that the pleurotus eryngii body is polluted, turns yellow and black, and even is rotted and deteriorated; on the other hand, the air humidity is too high during sprinkling, and after the sprinkling or after the interval time is long, the air humidity is reduced quickly, the fluctuation is large, and the control is difficult; and manual operation needs regularly fixed-point interval watering daytime and nighttime, which wastes time and labor.
After the fruiting room is adopted, in the water seepage process of the cloth curtain, because the contact area of the cloth curtain and the air is large, the water is easy to evaporate or disperse into the air, the air humidity is increased and kept at a higher level, and the stability is good; through adjusting the working shaft, the steerable flow that supplies water (be equipped with the flowmeter on the water supply pipe), but set up the solenoid valve and the flowmeter of independent switching on every water supply branch road, be connected with the controller electricity, the switching and the flow of every cloth curtain water supply of independent control, through the water supply flow and the interval time of adjusting each cloth curtain, can be unanimous with the air humidity control everywhere in the room of mushroom out, reduce and eliminate the air humidity difference, improve the uniformity that goes out the mushroom and mushroom body growth and development. The water supply is milder along with the seepage of the cloth curtain, no water flow sputtering and water drop splashing exist, the water supply flow or the water drop can not directly contact the mushroom body, and the pollution and yellowing and blackening of the mushroom body caused by humidification are basically avoided.
The water collector is provided with a heating device, a cooling device and a second temperature sensor, the heating device is used for heating water in the water collector, the cooling device is used for cooling the water in the water collector, so that the water collector can provide water at the temperature of 5-40 ℃, when the temperature of the mushroom growing room needs to be increased, the heating device is started, the water collector supplies hot water, the hot water enters the mushroom growing room along a water supply pipeline, heat is brought along cloth curtain seepage, and the temperature of the mushroom growing room is increased; when the temperature of the mushroom-out room needs to be reduced, the cooling device is started, the water collector supplies cold water, the cold water enters the mushroom-out room along with the water supply pipeline, cold energy is brought by seepage along the cloth curtain, and the temperature of the mushroom-out room is reduced. Similarly, the temperature regulation method is mild, temperature fluctuation in a short time and a large range can not occur, and stress reaction of mushroom bodies is prevented; the temperature of every part in the mushroom growing room can be adjusted to be consistent, the temperature difference is reduced and eliminated, and the consistency of mushroom growing and growth of mushroom bodies is improved.
Be equipped with the germicide charge door on the water collector, when sparse bud back or other needs disinfect and disinfect, follow the germicide charge door add in the water collector mix with water, along with supplying water through the curtain seepage flow entering mushroom room, disperse and disinfect in the air, convenient and fast just need not the staff touch, unnecessary germicide along with water backward flow to water collector, concentrate the recovery, recycle.
According to the fruiting room for the industrial bagged wall type stereoscopic planting of the pleurotus eryngii, the temperature in the room body is adjusted through the water supply seepage cloth curtain, the adjusting precision is high, the operation is convenient and fast, the temperature and humidity consistency at each position of the room body is good, the fruiting and growth consistency of the pleurotus eryngii is good, the quality and the yield are high, and the fruiting room is suitable for popularization and use.
Example 2
The fruiting method for the industrial bagged wall type three-dimensional cultivation of pleurotus eryngii in the embodiment comprises the steps of adopting the fruiting room and fruiting management in the embodiment 1; the fruiting management comprises the following steps:
1) loosening the bag to hasten bud: after the fungus bags are moved into the fruiting room, the fungus bags are transversely stacked on a three-dimensional planting frame according to a wall type three-dimensional planting mode, the temperature of the fruiting room is controlled to be 22 ℃ and the air humidity is controlled to be 84% through the temperature and humidity regulation and control system, the illumination intensity is controlled to be 400 lux, and CO in the fruiting room is regulated and controlled through ventilation2Refining for 1 day under the condition that the concentration is 3000 ppm;
on day 2, the temperature of the fruiting room is controlled to be reduced to 19 ℃ through the temperature and humidity control system, the air humidity is 86%, the bag opening is loosened, the bag end is pulled to enable a bag film and the material end to generate a gap, and then the fruiting room starts to be refrigerated, wherein the refrigeration means that the temperature of the fruiting room is reduced to 15 ℃ through the temperature and humidity control system, the temperature is kept for 12 hours, then the temperature is increased to 19 ℃ and kept for 12 hours, then the temperature is reduced to 14 ℃, the air humidity is controlled to be 86%, the illumination intensity is 400 lux, and CO in the fruiting room is controlled during the period2The concentration is 3000ppm, and the culture is carried out under the condition until white blocky primordium or small mushroom buds appear at the material end;
2) opening the bag and budding: turning the bag mouth of the mushroom bag outwards and backwards to expose the material end (the material end face is completely exposed and the longitudinal distance from the bag turning opening is 2cm), controlling the temperature of the mushroom growing room to be 12 ℃ and the air humidity to be 91% through the temperature and humidity regulation and control system, controlling the illumination intensity to be 600 lux, and regulating and controlling CO in the mushroom growing room through ventilation2Culturing at 3800ppm under the above condition to remove bud;
3) bud thinning and maintenance: removing buds when the buds grow to 2cm, removing the eliminated growing points by using a sterilized blade, and keeping 2 better buds; the temperature, humidity, illumination and ventilation conditions of the fruiting room during bud thinning are the same as those in the step 2), and meanwhile, bactericide (carbendazim) is added into the water collector and flows downwards along the cloth curtain to the ground of the fruiting room along with water, so that wound infection is prevented;
4) elongation of mushroom body: after bud thinning, the temperature and humidity of the mushroom growing room are controlled to be 15 ℃ and 90% through the temperature and humidity control system, the illumination intensity is controlled to be 200 lux, and CO in the mushroom growing room is controlled through ventilation2The concentration is 4500ppm, and the cultivation is continued under the condition until the mushroom body extends to more than 12cm and enters the maturation stage;
5) and (3) fruiting and harvesting: after the mushroom body enters the mature period, the temperature and the humidity of the mushroom growing room are controlled to be 13 ℃ and 75% through the temperature and humidity control system, the illumination intensity is controlled to be 200 lux, and CO in the mushroom growing room is controlled through ventilation2The concentration is 3000ppm, when the pileus of the mushroom body is flat, the middle is concave, the surface is provided with villi, and the spore is collected before ejection.
Cleaning the material surface after harvesting mushroom bodies, closing the temperature and humidity regulation and control system to allow the mushroom bags to be kept for health and culture for 7 days, and then opening the temperature and humidity regulation and control system again to control humidity, control temperature and ventilate to promote the second tide of mushroom to be regenerated (1-2 mushroom buds are reserved according to the actual growth condition when the second tide of mushroom is bud-thinned).
Example 3
The fruiting method for the industrial bagged wall type three-dimensional cultivation of pleurotus eryngii in the embodiment comprises the steps of adopting the fruiting room and fruiting management in the embodiment 1; the fruiting management comprises the following steps:
1) loosening the bag to hasten bud: after the fungus bags are moved into the fruiting room, the fungus bags are transversely stacked on a three-dimensional planting frame according to a wall type three-dimensional planting mode, the temperature of the fruiting room is controlled to be 23 ℃, the air humidity is controlled to be 82% through the temperature and humidity regulation and control system, the illumination intensity is controlled to be 500 lux, and CO in the fruiting room is regulated and controlled through ventilation2Refining for 1 day under the condition that the concentration is 3000 ppm;
on day 2, the temperature of the mushroom growing room is controlled to be reduced to 1 by the temperature and humidity control system9 ℃ and 88% of air humidity, loosening the bag opening and pulling the bag end to enable a gap to be formed between the bag film and the material end, and then starting chilling, wherein chilling means that the temperature of the fruiting room is reduced to 14 ℃ through the temperature and humidity regulation and control system and is kept for 12h, then the temperature is increased to 18 ℃ and is kept for 12h, then the temperature is reduced to 13 ℃, and the air humidity is controlled to be 88% and the illumination intensity is controlled to be 500 lux, and CO in the fruiting room is controlled2The concentration is 3000ppm, and the culture is carried out under the condition until white blocky primordium or small mushroom buds appear at the material end;
2) opening the bag and budding: turning the bag mouth of the mushroom bag outwards and backwards to expose the material end (the material end face is completely exposed and is longitudinally 2cm away from the bag turning opening), controlling the temperature of the mushroom growing room to be 13 ℃ and the air humidity to be 93% through the temperature and humidity regulation and control system, controlling the illumination intensity to be 650 lux, and regulating and controlling CO in the mushroom growing room through ventilation2The concentration is 3500ppm, and the culture is carried out under the condition until bud thinning;
3) bud thinning and maintenance: removing buds when the buds grow to 2cm, removing the eliminated growing points by using a sterilized blade, and keeping 2 better buds; the temperature, humidity, illumination and ventilation conditions of the fruiting room during bud thinning are the same as those in the step 2), and meanwhile, bactericide (carbendazim) is added into the water collector and flows downwards along the cloth curtain to the ground of the fruiting room along with water, so that wound infection is prevented;
4) elongation of mushroom body: after bud thinning, the temperature and humidity of the fruiting room are controlled by the temperature and humidity control system to be 16 ℃, the humidity is 88 percent, the illumination intensity is controlled to be 250 lux, and CO in the fruiting room is controlled by ventilation2The concentration is 5000ppm, and the mushroom body is continuously cultured under the condition until the mushroom body extends to more than 12cm and enters the maturation stage;
5) and (3) fruiting and harvesting: after the mushroom body enters the mature period, the temperature and the humidity of the mushroom growing room are controlled to be 14 ℃ and 77 percent through the temperature and humidity control system, the illumination intensity is controlled to be 250 lux, and CO in the mushroom growing room is controlled through ventilation2The concentration is 3000ppm, when the pileus of the mushroom body is flat, the middle is concave, the surface is provided with villi, and the spore is collected before ejection.
Cleaning the material surface after harvesting mushroom bodies, closing the temperature and humidity regulation and control system to allow the mushroom bags to be kept for health and culture for 7 days, and then opening the temperature and humidity regulation and control system again to control humidity, control temperature and ventilate to promote the second tide of mushroom to be regenerated (1-2 mushroom buds are reserved according to the actual growth condition when the second tide of mushroom is bud-thinned).
Example 4
The fruiting method for the industrial bagged wall type three-dimensional cultivation of pleurotus eryngii in the embodiment comprises the steps of adopting the fruiting room and fruiting management in the embodiment 1; the fruiting management comprises the following steps:
1) loosening the bag to hasten bud: after the fungus bags are moved into the fruiting room, the fungus bags are transversely stacked on a three-dimensional planting frame according to a wall type three-dimensional planting mode, the temperature of the fruiting room is controlled to be 24 ℃, the air humidity is controlled to be 80% through the temperature and humidity regulation and control system, the illumination intensity is controlled to be 450 lux, and CO in the fruiting room is regulated and controlled through ventilation2Refining for 1 day under the condition that the concentration is 3000 ppm;
on day 2, the temperature of the fruiting room is controlled to be reduced to 19 ℃ through the temperature and humidity control system, the air humidity is 90%, the bag opening is loosened, the bag end is pulled to enable a bag film and the material end to generate a gap, and then the fruiting room starts to be refrigerated, wherein the refrigeration refers to that the temperature of the fruiting room is reduced to 13 ℃ through the temperature and humidity control system, the temperature is maintained for 10 hours, then the temperature is increased to 17 ℃ and the temperature is maintained for 10 hours, then the temperature is reduced to 12 ℃, the air humidity is controlled to be 90%, the illumination intensity is 450 lux, and CO in the fruiting room is controlled during the period2The concentration is 3000ppm, and the culture is carried out under the condition until white blocky primordium or small mushroom buds appear at the material end;
2) opening the bag and budding: turning the bag mouth of the mushroom bag outwards and backwards to expose the material end (the material end face is completely exposed and is longitudinally 2cm away from the bag turning opening), controlling the temperature of the mushroom growing room to be 14 ℃ and the air humidity to be 95% through the temperature and humidity regulation and control system, controlling the illumination intensity to be 700 lux, and regulating and controlling CO in the mushroom growing room through ventilation2Culturing at 4000ppm under the condition until bud thinning;
3) bud thinning and maintenance: removing buds when the buds grow to 2cm, removing the eliminated growing points by using a sterilized blade, and keeping 2 better buds; the temperature, humidity, illumination and ventilation conditions of the fruiting room during bud thinning are the same as those in the step 2), and meanwhile, bactericide (carbendazim) is added into the water collector and flows downwards along the cloth curtain to the ground of the fruiting room along with water, so that wound infection is prevented;
4) elongation of mushroom body: after bud thinning, the temperature and humidity of the mushroom growing room are controlled to be 15 ℃ and 86 ℃ by the temperature and humidity control systemPercent, controlling the illumination intensity to be 300 lux, and regulating and controlling CO in the mushroom growing room through ventilation2The concentration is 5000ppm, and the mushroom body is continuously cultured under the condition until the mushroom body extends to more than 12cm and enters the maturation stage;
5) and (3) fruiting and harvesting: after the mushroom body enters the mature period, the temperature and the humidity of the mushroom growing room are controlled to be 13 ℃ and 75% through the temperature and humidity control system, the illumination intensity is controlled to be 300 lux, and CO in the mushroom growing room is controlled through ventilation2The concentration is 3000ppm, when the pileus of the mushroom body is flat, the middle is concave, the surface is provided with villi, and the spore is collected before ejection.
Cleaning the material surface after harvesting mushroom bodies, closing the temperature and humidity regulation and control system to allow the mushroom bags to be kept for health and culture for 7 days, and then opening the temperature and humidity regulation and control system again to control humidity, control temperature and ventilate to promote the second tide of mushroom to be regenerated (1-2 mushroom buds are reserved according to the actual growth condition when the second tide of mushroom is bud-thinned).
Examples of the experiments
In this experimental example, the pleurotus eryngii product obtained by the pleurotus eryngii factory bag wall type three-dimensional cultivation fruiting method of the embodiment 2-4 was tested.
In examples 2 to 4, the formula of the cultivation material for the fungus sack comprises (by mass): 48% of wood chips, 27% of corncobs, 18% of wheat bran, 5% of corn flour, 1% of edible gypsum and 1% of cane sugar; the water content is 60 percent, and the pH value is adjusted to 9.0-9.5 by lime water. The cultivation material is pretreated and bagged according to the prior art, 500g of dry material is filled in each bag, and the pH value is reduced to 6.0-7.0 after sterilization. The strain adopts Pleurotus eryngii liquid strain (Pleurotus eryngii No. 1). After the hypha grows over the fungus bags, culturing for 7 days for after-ripening, and then entering a mushroom growing room; when the fungus bags are moved out of the mushroom house, the water content of the fungus bags is 65% -70%. Fruiting management and parameter recording are respectively carried out according to the fruiting methods of the pleurotus eryngii factory bag wall type three-dimensional planting in the embodiments 2-4, and the harvested pleurotus eryngii products are detected. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 detection results of Pleurotus eryngii obtained by fruiting method of examples 2-4
7 in Table 1 indicates that the bag was kept for 7 days. The contaminated spoilage fungus bags in table 1 mean that the mushrooms cannot be successfully grown due to contamination of sundry fungi or other substances in the fruiting process, or the mushroom bodies are yellow, black, atrophied and deformed, and the fungus bags of commercial mushrooms are not formed, and are timely eliminated in fruiting management to prevent pollution expansion.
As can be seen from table 1, in the fruiting method of industrial bagged wall-type stereoscopic cultivation of pleurotus eryngii in embodiments 2-4, the fruiting time of the first tide of pleurotus eryngii is 17-18d, the fruiting time of the second tide of pleurotus eryngii is 16-17d (the time for culturing fungi containing rest health information), the growth speed of pleurotus eryngii is high, the fruiting time is short, and the cultivation efficiency is high; by combining the used fruiting room structure, the single fresh pleurotus eryngii obtained by the fruiting method has high gram weight and full mushroom body, and the first tide of pleurotus eryngii and the second tide of pleurotus eryngii both reach the large 1 grade of the grading standard and have high quality; the obtained single fresh pleurotus eryngii has small individual gram weight difference, the gram weight difference of the first tide of pleurotus eryngii is within 20g, the gram weight difference of the second tide of pleurotus eryngii is within 30g, the elimination rate of the polluted putrefying fungus bags is less than 0.5%, and the consistency of fruiting and growth and development of pleurotus eryngii bodies is good; the total biotransformation rate of the two-tide mushrooms reaches more than 140%, the yield is high, the bioavailability of the cultivation material is high, and the economic benefit is good.
Claims (7)
1. A fruiting method for industrial bagged wall type three-dimensional planting of pleurotus eryngii is characterized by comprising the following steps: setting a temperature and humidity regulation system and fruiting management; the temperature and humidity regulating system is characterized in that cloth curtains capable of being wound upwards are arranged between the three-dimensional planting frames in the fruiting room and between fruiting surfaces and walls of the three-dimensional planting frames, and a water supply device for water seepage or water spray to the cloth curtains is arranged above or on the side surface of the upper part of the cloth curtains, so that water seeps downwards along the cloth curtains to the ground of the fruiting room; the humidity of the mushroom growing room is regulated and controlled by regulating the interval/duration time and flow of water supply, and the temperature of the mushroom growing room is regulated by regulating the water temperature of water supply;
the temperature and humidity regulating system comprises a plurality of groups of roller shutter devices and a water supply device, wherein each group of roller shutter devices comprises a roller shutter motor, a rolling box, a scroll and an upward-rolling cloth curtain, the roller shutter motor is arranged in a fruiting room body and close to the roof, the scroll is used for rolling the cloth curtain, and the cloth curtain which is arranged between the three-dimensional planting frames or between a fruiting surface and a wall of the three-dimensional planting frames and can be rolled upwards is arranged; a pair of cylindrical guide rollers is rotatably arranged at the upper opening edge and the lower opening edge of the side opening of the winding box, one end of the cloth curtain is wound on the winding shaft, the tail end of the cloth curtain is detachably fixed on the winding shaft, the other end of the cloth curtain extends out from the space between the pair of guide rollers at the side opening of the winding box, and a curtain weight is arranged at the tail end of the cloth curtain and used for keeping the cloth curtain in a vertical downward direction;
the water supply device comprises a water collector, a water supply pipeline, a water supply pump arranged on the water supply pipeline and a water feeder, wherein the water feeder is a seepage pipe and is arranged above the side opening close to the winding box, and the lower part of the water feeder is provided with a plurality of seepage branch pipes which are arranged in order along the length direction of the water feeder and are used for seeping water or spraying water to the cloth curtain;
the fruiting management comprises the following steps:
1) loosening the bag to hasten bud: after the fungus bags are moved into a mushroom-out room, the fungus bags are transversely stacked and placed on a three-dimensional planting frame, the temperature of the mushroom-out room is controlled to be 22-24 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 80-84% through the temperature and humidity control system, and the mushroom bags are mixed for 1 day;
controlling the temperature of a fruiting room to be reduced to below 20 ℃ and the humidity to be 86% -90% by the temperature and humidity control system on the 2 nd day, loosening the bag opening and pulling the bag end to enable a gap to be formed between a bag film and the material end, and then starting to cool, wherein the cooling refers to reducing the temperature of the fruiting room to 13 ℃ -15 ℃ by the temperature and humidity control system and preserving heat for 10-12h, then heating to 17 ℃ -19 ℃ and preserving heat for 10-12h, and then cooling to 12 ℃ -14 ℃ until white massive primordia or small mushroom buds appear at the material end;
2) opening the bag and budding: turning the bag mouth of the mushroom bag outwards to expose the material end, and controlling the temperature of the fruiting room to be 12-14 ℃ and the humidity to be 91-95% by the temperature and humidity control system;
3) bud thinning and maintenance: thinning when the mushroom buds grow to 1-3cm, and keeping 1-4 mushroom buds with better mushroom shape; bactericide is added into the water supply of the temperature and humidity regulating system, and the bactericide flows to the ground of the fruiting room along with the water and seeps downwards along the cloth curtain, so that wound infection is prevented;
4) elongation of mushroom body: after bud thinning, controlling the temperature of the mushroom growing room to be 15-18 ℃ and the humidity to be 86-90% by the temperature and humidity control system, and continuously culturing until the mushroom body extends to be more than 12 cm;
5) and (3) fruiting and harvesting: after the mushroom body is mature, the temperature of the fruiting room is controlled to be 13-15 ℃ and the humidity is controlled to be 75-79% through the temperature and humidity control system, and harvesting is carried out.
2. The fruiting method of industrial bagged wall type stereo cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fruiting management process, the ventilation is used for regulating and controlling the CO in the fruiting room2The concentration is specifically as follows: step 1) CO during the bud forcing period by loosening the bag2The concentration is not higher than 3000 ppm; step 2) opening bags to generate buds and step 3) CO during bud thinning and maintenance2The concentration is not higher than 4000 ppm; step 4) CO during elongation of mushroom body2The concentration is not higher than 5000 ppm; step 5) CO during fruiting harvest2The concentration is not higher than 3000 ppm.
3. The fruiting method of industrial bagged wall type stereo cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fruiting management process, the illumination intensity in the period of bag loosening and bud forcing in the step 1) is 400-500 lux; step 2) opening the bag to extract buds and step 3) keeping the illumination intensity during the bud thinning and maintenance period at 600-; the light intensity during the mushroom body elongation in the step 4) and the mushroom harvesting in the step 5) is 200-300 lux.
4. The fruiting method of industrial bagged wall type stereo cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1), the water content of the fungus bag is 65-70%.
5. The fruiting method of industrial bagged wall type stereo cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 5) when the mushroom body pileus is flat, the middle of the mushroom body is concave, villi is on the surface of the mushroom body, and spores are not ejected yet, harvesting is carried out.
6. The fruiting method of industrial bagged wall type stereo cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii according to claim 1, characterized in that: and cleaning the material surface after the mushroom bodies are harvested, closing the temperature and humidity regulation and control system to enable the mushroom bags to live and culture the mushrooms for 5-10 days, and then restarting to control humidity, control temperature and ventilate to promote the second damp mushroom to be regenerated.
7. The fruiting method of Pleurotus eryngii factory bag wall type stereo planting according to claim 6, characterized in that: and reserving 1-2 mushroom buds according to the actual growth condition when the second tide of mushrooms are subjected to bud thinning.
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| CN108522140A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-09-14 | 倪礼顺 | A kind of Pleurotus eryngii industrial high yield fruiting method |
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