CN109181180A - 一种含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109181180A
CN109181180A CN201810809051.7A CN201810809051A CN109181180A CN 109181180 A CN109181180 A CN 109181180A CN 201810809051 A CN201810809051 A CN 201810809051A CN 109181180 A CN109181180 A CN 109181180A
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卢卫红
徐翠翠
朱云峰
金少瑾
孙胜楠
张友源
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Harbin Institute Of Technology Robotics (shandong) Intelligent Equipment Research Institute
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Abstract

本发明属于保鲜材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜及其制备方法,所述保鲜膜由如下原料制成:聚乙烯醇、壳聚糖、淀粉、甘油、大葱提取物、卵磷脂、普鲁兰多糖、乙二醛、羧甲基纤维素钠、乳酸链球菌素和ε‑聚赖氨酸。本发明首先用乙醇提取大葱提取物,再将淀粉糊化后与其他原料混合搅拌均匀,经流延法制成含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜。本发明提供的保鲜膜天然、安全,富含多种抗菌物质,在保鲜过程中发挥协同增效作用,对各种球菌、杆菌、真菌、病毒等都有杀灭和抑制作用。本发明保鲜膜使用后可被有效降解,对人体安全无毒,对环境无污染,同时还可以有效防止果蔬水分散失,更好的用于果蔬保鲜。

Description

一种含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于保鲜材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着社会的发展及人们生活水平的提高,果蔬销售趋向于超市化,于是对果蔬的保鲜期就有了更高的要求,在不影响果蔬的品质、不引入有害物质的前提下,必须尽可能延长果蔬的保鲜期。常用的果蔬保鲜方法有很多,如化学试剂保鲜、臭氧杀菌保鲜、冷藏保鲜、气调保鲜等。
保鲜膜以其方便、经济、美观的优点广受消费者青睐,在家庭生活、超市卖场、宾馆饭店及工业生产的食品包装领域都有广泛应用。其中PP、PE等材料是食品工业中的常用包装,透明度、光泽性和机械强度等方面性能优异。虽然塑料制品给人们的日常生活带来了极大的便利,但塑料制品导致的白色污染问题也日益严重。
发明内容
为解决上述现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜及其制备方法。
本发明的技术方案:
一种含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜,所述保鲜膜由如下质量份的原料制成:聚乙烯醇40~60份、壳聚糖35~50份、淀粉20~30份、甘油10~20份、大葱提取物3~10份、卵磷脂5~10份、普鲁兰多糖5~10份、乙二醛3~6份、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5~2份、乳酸链球菌素0.2~2份、ε-聚赖氨酸0.1~1份。
进一步的,所述保鲜膜由如下质量份的原料制成:聚乙烯醇50份、壳聚糖45份、淀粉25份、甘油15份、大葱乙醇提取物8份、卵磷脂8份、普鲁兰多糖8份、乙二醛5份、羧甲基纤维素钠1份、乳酸链球菌素1份、ε-聚赖氨酸0.5份。
进一步的,所述大葱提取物的制备方法为:将大葱捣碎后用质量浓度为95%的乙醇在一定温度下进行提取,所得提取液进行旋转蒸发去除乙醇,获得无醇味的油状物即为大葱提取物。
进一步的,所述大葱与95%乙醇的料液比为1kg:(10~20)L。
进一步的,所述提取温度为60~85℃,提取时间为1~2h。
进一步的,所述淀粉为马铃薯淀粉、小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉或甘薯淀粉中的一种或几种的组合。
一种含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜的制备方法,所述方法步骤如下:
(一)制备大葱提取物:将大葱捣碎后用质量浓度为95%的乙醇在一定温度下进行提取,所得提取液进行旋转蒸发去除乙醇,获得无醇味的油状物即为大葱提取物;
(二)制备糊化淀粉:取质量份数为20~30份淀粉,加入2倍量饮用水中,搅拌均匀,加热至95℃糊化1h;
(三)制备保鲜膜:取步骤(二)制得的糊化淀粉,并向其中加入如下质量份数的原料:聚乙烯醇40~60份、壳聚糖35~50份、甘油10~20份、步骤(一)制得的大葱提取物3~10份、卵磷脂5~10份、普鲁兰多糖5~10份、乙二醛3~6份、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5~2份、乳酸链球菌素0.2~2份和ε-聚赖氨酸0.1~1份,一定温度下搅拌一定时间,将所得混合物流延于聚四氟乙烯方形盘上成膜,一定温度下烘干一定时间,得到含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜。
进一步的,所述大葱与95%乙醇的料液比为1kg:(10~20)L;述提取温度为60~85℃,提取时间为1~2h。
进一步的,所述淀粉为马铃薯淀粉、小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉或甘薯淀粉中的一种或几种的组合。
进一步的,所述搅拌温度为70~85℃,所述搅拌转速为1000~2000r/min,搅拌时间为60~90min,所述烘干温度为80℃,所述烘干时间为3h。
本发明的有益效果:
1、本发明提供的含有大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜所含大葱提取物,天然、安全,富含多种具有杀菌、抗菌作用的物质,对各种球菌、杆菌、真菌、病毒等都有杀灭和抑制作用,且能延长果蔬的保鲜时间。同时本发明原料中添加了多种天然防腐剂,在保鲜过程中发挥协同增效作用,抗菌谱更广从而具有更强的防腐抗菌作用。
2、本发明提供的含有大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜在使用后可被有效降解,对人体安全无毒,对环境无污染,可以改善日益严重的环境污染问题,减轻对环境造成的压力,因此本发明提供的保鲜膜及其制备方法具有很大的应用和推广价值。
3、本发明提供的含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜克服了传统果蔬保鲜将抗菌添加剂加入食品中造成人体摄入添加剂的危害,将抗菌保鲜成分加入保鲜膜,在抗菌的同时还可以有效防止果蔬水分散失,更好的用于果蔬保鲜,以延长贮藏期限。
附图说明
图1为实施例2提供的保鲜膜用于芹菜保鲜的失重率曲线;
图2为实施例2提供的保鲜膜用于卷心菜保鲜的失重率曲线;
图3为实施例2提供的保鲜膜用于橙子保鲜的失重率曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步的说明,但并不局限于此,凡是对本发明技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围中。
实施例1
一种含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜,所述保鲜膜由如下质量份的原料制成:聚乙烯醇40~60份、壳聚糖35~50份、淀粉20~30份、甘油10~20份、大葱提取物3~10份、卵磷脂5~10份、普鲁兰多糖5~10份、乙二醛3~6份、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5~2份、乳酸链球菌素0.2~2份、ε-聚赖氨酸0.1~1份。
实施例2
一种含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜,所述保鲜膜由如下质量份的原料制成:聚乙烯醇50份、壳聚糖45份、淀粉25份、甘油15份、大葱乙醇提取物8份、卵磷脂8份、普鲁兰多糖8份、乙二醛5份、羧甲基纤维素钠1份、乳酸链球菌素1份、ε-聚赖氨酸0.5份。
实施例3
一种含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜的制备方法,所述方法步骤如下:
(一)制备大葱提取物:将大葱捣碎后用质量浓度为95%的乙醇在一定温度下进行提取,所得提取液进行旋转蒸发去除乙醇,获得无醇味的油状物即为大葱提取物;
(二)制备糊化淀粉:取质量份数为20~30份淀粉,加入2倍量饮用水中,搅拌均匀,加热至95℃糊化1h;
(三)制备保鲜膜:取步骤(二)制得的糊化淀粉,并向其中加入如下质量份数的原料:聚乙烯醇40~60份、壳聚糖35~50份、甘油10~20份、步骤(一)制得的大葱提取物3~10份、卵磷脂5~10份、普鲁兰多糖5~10份、乙二醛3~6份、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5~2份、乳酸链球菌素0.2~2份和ε-聚赖氨酸0.1~1份,一定温度下搅拌一定时间,将所得混合物流延于聚四氟乙烯方形盘上成膜,一定温度下烘干一定时间,得到含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜,所述可降解保鲜膜的厚度为0.05~0.1mm。
实施例4
一种含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜的制备方法,所述方法步骤如下:
(一)制备大葱提取物:按料液比为1kg:(10~20)L将大葱捣碎后用质量浓度为95%的乙醇在60~85℃下提取1~2h,所得提取液进行旋转蒸发去除乙醇,获得无醇味的油状物即为大葱提取物;
(二)制备糊化淀粉:以马铃薯淀粉、小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉或甘薯淀粉中的一种或几种的组合作为淀粉原料制备糊化淀粉,取质量份数为20~30份淀粉,加入2倍量饮用水中,搅拌均匀,加热至95℃糊化1h;
(三)制备保鲜膜:取步骤(二)制得的糊化淀粉,并向其中加入如下质量份数的原料:聚乙烯醇40~60份、壳聚糖35~50份、甘油10~20份、步骤(一)制得的大葱提取物3~10份、卵磷脂5~10份、普鲁兰多糖5~10份、乙二醛3~6份、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5~2份、乳酸链球菌素0.2~2份和ε-聚赖氨酸0.1~1份,70~85℃下以1000r/min的转速搅拌60~90min,将所得混合物流延于聚四氟乙烯方形盘上成膜,80℃烘干3h,得到含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜,所述可降解保鲜膜的厚度为0.05~0.1mm。
实施例5
一种含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜的制备方法,所述方法步骤如下:
(一)制备大葱提取物:将1kg大葱捣碎后用质量浓度为95%的乙醇12L,在70℃下提取2h,所得提取液进行旋转蒸发去除乙醇,获得无醇味的油状物即为大葱提取物;
(二)制备糊化淀粉:以质量份数为马铃薯淀粉25份作为淀粉原料制备糊化淀粉,加入2倍量饮用水中,搅拌均匀,加热至95℃糊化1h;
(三)制备保鲜膜:取步骤(二)制得的糊化淀粉,并向其中加入如下质量份数的原料:聚乙烯醇40份、壳聚糖35份、甘油15份、步骤(一)制得的大葱提取物5份、卵磷脂8份、普鲁兰多糖5份、乙二醛5份、羧甲基纤维素钠1份、乳酸链球菌素0.5份和ε-聚赖氨酸0.3份,70℃下以1200r/min的转速搅拌90min,将所得混合物流延于聚四氟乙烯方形盘上成膜,80℃烘干3h,得到含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜I,所述可降解保鲜膜的厚度为0.06mm。
实施例6
一种含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜的制备方法,所述方法步骤如下:
(一)制备大葱提取物:将1kg大葱捣碎后用质量浓度为95%的乙醇15L,在75℃下提取1.5h,所得提取液进行旋转蒸发去除乙醇,获得无醇味的油状物即为大葱提取物;
(二)制备糊化淀粉:以质量份数为马铃薯淀粉10份、玉米淀粉15份和小麦淀粉5份作为淀粉原料制备糊化淀粉,分别取以上份数淀粉混合均匀,加入2倍量饮用水中,搅拌均匀,加热至95℃糊化1h;
(三)制备保鲜膜:取步骤(二)制得的糊化淀粉,并向其中加入如下质量份数的原料:聚乙烯醇50份、壳聚糖45份、甘油15份、步骤(一)制得的大葱提取物8份、卵磷脂10份、普鲁兰多糖5份、乙二醛5份、羧甲基纤维素钠2份、乳酸链球菌素1份和ε-聚赖氨酸0.5份,80℃下以1500r/min的转速搅拌75min,将所得混合物流延于聚四氟乙烯方形盘上成膜,80℃烘干3h,得到含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜Ⅱ,所述可降解保鲜膜的厚度为0.05mm。
实施例7
一种含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜的制备方法,所述方法步骤如下:
(一)制备大葱提取物:将1kg大葱捣碎后用质量浓度为95%的乙醇20L,在80℃下提取1h,所得提取液进行旋转蒸发去除乙醇,获得无醇味的油状物即为大葱提取物;
(二)制备糊化淀粉:以质量份数为马铃薯淀粉8份、玉米淀粉9份、小麦淀粉5份和甘薯淀粉5份作为淀粉原料制备糊化淀粉,分别取以上份数淀粉混合,加入2倍量饮用水中,搅拌均匀,加热至95℃糊化1h;
(三)制备保鲜膜:取步骤(二)制得的糊化淀粉,并向其中加入如下质量份数的原料:聚乙烯醇43份、壳聚糖40份、甘油15份、步骤(一)制得的大葱提取物10份、卵磷脂8份、普鲁兰多糖8份、乙二醛5份、羧甲基纤维素钠1份、乳酸链球菌素1份和ε-聚赖氨酸0.5份,85℃下以1600r/min的转速搅拌60min,将所得混合物流延于聚四氟乙烯方形盘上成膜,80℃烘干3h,得到含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜Ⅲ,所述可降解保鲜膜的厚度为0.08mm。
对比例1
本对比例提供一种不含大葱提取物的保鲜膜,制备方法步骤如下:
(一)制备糊化淀粉:以质量份数为马铃薯淀粉25份作为淀粉原料制备糊化淀粉,加入2倍量饮用水中,搅拌均匀,加热至95℃糊化1h;
(三)制备保鲜膜:取质量份数为25份的步骤(二)制得的糊化淀粉,并向其中加入如下质量份数的原料:聚乙烯醇40份、壳聚糖35份、甘油15份、卵磷脂8份、普鲁兰多糖5份、乙二醛5份、羧甲基纤维素钠1份、乳酸链球菌素0.5份和ε-聚赖氨酸0.3份,70℃下以1300r/min的转速搅拌90min,将所得混合物流延于聚四氟乙烯方形盘上成膜,80℃烘干3h,得到保鲜膜Ⅳ。
效果验证试验:
1、保鲜效果
使用实施例2提供的含大葱提取物可降解的保鲜膜和对比例1制备的保鲜膜分别包裹好新鲜芹菜、卷心菜和橙子,缠裹3~6层,0~4℃保存11天,每隔一天称量蔬菜的重量,计算失重率。
图1为实施例2提供的保鲜膜用于芹菜保鲜的失重率曲线;图2为实施例2提供的保鲜膜用于卷心菜保鲜的失重率曲线;图3为实施例2提供的保鲜膜用于橙子保鲜的失重率曲线。
由图1、图2和图3所示,含有大葱提取物的保鲜膜能更有效的减少水分散失,延长保鲜时间,保鲜效果明显优于普通保鲜膜。
2、可降解效果
根据GB/T19277对实施例5-7、对比例1制备得到的保鲜膜和市售普通PE保鲜膜进行生物降解试验,测试45天后的降解率,结果见表1:
表1
项目 保鲜膜I 保鲜膜Ⅱ 保鲜膜Ⅲ 保鲜膜Ⅳ PE保鲜膜
45天后降解率(%) 75 79 78 80 0
从表1中保鲜膜的降解率可以看出,在微生物降解试验中,制备的可降解保鲜膜在45天后的降解率无太大差别,均在75%以上,与市售PE保鲜膜相比,本发明制备得到的保鲜膜可有效地被降解,减少对环境的污染。
3、抗菌效果
以金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌为受试菌,测试含大葱提取物保鲜膜对受试菌的抑菌效果。分别将1ml浓度为106CFU/ml的金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌用无菌玻璃棒均匀涂膜于琼脂培养基上,当菌液完全扩散后,用灭菌后的打孔器切下直径为0.5cm的薄膜放于培养基的中心位置。将培养皿倒置培养于37℃恒温培养24h后,测定抑菌圈的直径。试验重复3次。结果见表2:
表2
从表2中抑菌圈直径可以看出,实施例2中抑菌圈直径明显大于对比例1,说明加入大葱提取物后,可以增强抑菌效果。本发明保鲜膜具有良好的抑菌效果,有效防止果蔬受细菌等污染,延长保鲜期。

Claims (10)

1.一种含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜,其特征在于所述保鲜膜由如下质量份的原料制成:聚乙烯醇40~60份、壳聚糖35~50份、淀粉20~30份、甘油10~20份、大葱提取物3~10份、卵磷脂5~10份、普鲁兰多糖5~10份、乙二醛3~6份、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5~2份、乳酸链球菌素0.2~2份、ε-聚赖氨酸0.1~1份。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜,其特征在于所述保鲜膜由如下质量份的原料制成:聚乙烯醇50份、壳聚糖45份、淀粉25份、甘油15份、大葱乙醇提取物8份、卵磷脂8份、普鲁兰多糖8份、乙二醛5份、羧甲基纤维素钠1份、乳酸链球菌素1份、ε-聚赖氨酸0.5份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述一种含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜,其特征在于所述大葱提取物的制备方法为:将大葱捣碎后用质量浓度为95%的乙醇在一定温度下进行提取,所得提取液进行旋转蒸发去除乙醇,获得无醇味的油状物即为大葱提取物。
4.根据权利要求3所述一种含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜,其特征在于所述大葱与95%乙醇的料液比为1kg:(10~20)L。
5.根据权利要求4所述一种含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜,其特征在于所述提取温度为60~85℃,提取时间为1~2h。
6.根据权利要求5所述一种含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜,其特征在于所述淀粉为马铃薯淀粉、小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉或甘薯淀粉中的一种或几种的组合。
7.一种如权利要求1所述的含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜的制备方法,其特征在于所述方法步骤如下:
(一)制备大葱提取物:将大葱捣碎后用质量浓度为95%的乙醇在一定温度下进行提取,所得提取液进行旋转蒸发去除乙醇,获得无醇味的油状物即为大葱提取物;
(二)制备糊化淀粉:取质量份数为20~30份淀粉,加入2倍量饮用水中,搅拌均匀,加热至95℃糊化1h;
(三)制备保鲜膜:取步骤(二)制得的糊化淀粉,并向其中加入如下质量份数的原料:聚乙烯醇40~60份、壳聚糖35~50份、甘油10~20份、步骤(一)制得的大葱提取物3~10份、卵磷脂5~10份、普鲁兰多糖5~10份、乙二醛3~6份、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5~2份、乳酸链球菌素0.2~2份和ε-聚赖氨酸0.1~1份,一定温度下搅拌一定时间,将所得混合物流延于聚四氟乙烯方形盘上成膜,一定温度下烘干一定时间,得到含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜。
8.根据权利要求7所述一种含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜的制备方法,其特征在于所述大葱与95%乙醇的料液比为1kg:(10~20)L;述提取温度为60~85℃,提取时间为1~2h。
9.根据权利要求8所述一种含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜,其特征在于所述淀粉为马铃薯淀粉、小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉或甘薯淀粉中的一种或几种的组合。
10.根据权利要求9所述一种含大葱提取物的可降解保鲜膜,其特征在于所述搅拌温度为70~85℃,所述搅拌转速为1000~2000r/min,搅拌时间为60~90min,所述烘干温度为80℃,所述烘干时间为3h。
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