CN109181003A - 阻燃低烟功能母料的制备方法及该功能母料 - Google Patents
阻燃低烟功能母料的制备方法及该功能母料 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- XQRLCLUYWUNEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)OP(O)=O XQRLCLUYWUNEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- XFZRQAZGUOTJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 XFZRQAZGUOTJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- NQQWFVUVBGSGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;piperazine Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.C1CNCCN1 NQQWFVUVBGSGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001954 piperazine phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940005657 pyrophosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
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- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- TVHALOSDPLTTSR-UHFFFAOYSA-H hexasodium;[oxido-[oxido(phosphonatooxy)phosphoryl]oxyphosphoryl] phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O TVHALOSDPLTTSR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种阻燃低烟功能母料及其制备方法,包括:将二磷酸哌嗪加入混炼挤出机中,并添加阻燃剂和/或聚合物树脂,在120‑270℃下脱水熔合,挤出、切粒制得所述阻燃母料,其中,所述阻燃剂选自聚磷酸铵、焦磷酸哌嗪、三聚氰胺磷酸盐、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐、次磷酸盐、有机次磷酸盐和硼酸锌中的一种或几种。本发明创新性地在聚磷酸哌嗪的脱水步骤中有机结合母料制备工艺,实现同一工厂同一设备制备阻燃母料,产量高,工艺流程短。本发明还通过复配工艺提高了最终母料产品的阻燃效率,从而使得下游客户可以直接使用,无需再加入其他阻燃粉剂,简化了下游客户的生产过程,大大减少了粉尘对环境和人体的伤害。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及阻燃母料制备的技术领域,更特别涉及高含磷、高含氮的膨胀型磷氮阻燃低烟功能母料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着国民经济的发展和合成材料的广泛应用,阻燃剂及阻燃材料的开发和应用受到了人们的普遍关注。
焦磷酸哌嗪,具有无卤、低烟、低毒、热稳定性好、水溶性小、阻燃性能优异等特点,可广泛应用于聚烯烃和弹性体材料中,具有广泛的前景。但由于其与树脂共混时多呈固相粒子,分散不均匀,影响其阻燃性能。此外,焦磷酸哌嗪为自流动粉体,加工时粉尘飞扬,操作环境差,严重影响加工人员的健康,且粉末与树脂基材的体积相差较大,密度相差悬殊,原料难以混合均匀。再有粉体容易团聚,也使喂料不准,造成组分波动,材料性能不稳定,难以达到预想的阻燃效果。现有技术有通过制备阻燃母料来解决这些问题。但是现有技术中的阻燃母料一般都存在难混合,难加工,加工成本高,需要由阻燃剂下游厂家购买单独母料制备设备等问题,且母料加工过程会造成二次扬尘等问题,有进一步改进的空间。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中的上述问题,本发明提供了一种新型阻燃低烟功能母料的制备方法,创新性地将阻燃剂的合成步骤和母料的加工步骤融合到了一起,在焦磷酸哌嗪自有的脱水步骤中有机结合母料制备工艺。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种阻燃低烟功能母料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将二磷酸哌嗪加入混炼挤出机中,并添加阻燃剂和/或聚合物树脂,在120-270℃下脱水熔合,挤出、切粒制得所述阻燃低烟功能母料,其中,所述阻燃剂选自聚磷酸铵、焦磷酸哌嗪、三聚氰胺磷酸盐、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐、次磷酸盐、有机次磷酸盐和硼酸锌中的一种或几种。
优选地,聚合物树脂选自聚乙烯、聚丙烯、EVA和热熔胶中的一种或几种。
优选地,混炼挤出机为双螺杆挤出机或单螺杆挤出机,双螺杆或单螺杆挤出机的长径比为1: 40-70。
优选地,脱水熔合时间为3-8小时。
优选地,挤出温度为120-270℃。
优选地,混炼挤出机设置有用于添加阻燃剂和/或聚合物树脂的侧喂料装置。
优选地,采用冷切粒或模面切粒。
进一步地,本发明的方法还包括以下制备二磷酸哌嗪的步骤:将哌嗪分散于溶剂中,加热到30-105℃,在搅拌的条件下滴加磷酸,滴加完成后保持温度搅拌反应2-9小时,得到二磷酸哌嗪。
进一步地,溶剂选自水、甲醇、乙醇、二甲基甲酰胺、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯、冰醋酸、乙二醇和四氢呋喃中的一种或几种。
优选地,磷酸和哌嗪的摩尔比为2-3:1。
优选地,溶剂与哌嗪和聚磷酸两者之和的质量比3-9:1。
在本发明中,阻燃剂和/或聚合物树脂可以直接加入混炼挤出机中,也可以通过带有机械计量的侧喂料装置或者带有电子秤的侧喂料装置加入。
优选地,混炼挤出机设有分别用于添加阻燃剂和聚合物树脂的第一、第二侧喂料装置。
在本发明中,磷酸哌嗪,以及脱水后的产物焦磷酸哌嗪为膨胀型阻燃剂中的炭源,与酸源(如聚磷酸铵,三聚氰胺磷酸盐,三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐,次磷酸盐等),及气源(三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐、有机次磷酸盐等)复配可以进一步提高阻燃效率,提高氧指数,降低烟密度。
其次,在本发明中,通过使用较大长径比的螺杆挤出机,在同一个设备中,实现了脱水反应、混合、挤出和切粒的一系列步骤。不仅能够保证MPP与其他阻燃剂的充分混合,而且可以避免粉尘飞扬,并通过连续步骤制得母料,提高了生产效率,降低了生产成本。
在另一方面,本发明还提供了由上述方法制得的阻燃低烟功能母料。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
本发明在制备母料时将阻燃剂的合成步骤和母料的加工步骤融合到了一起,实现同一工厂同一设备,产量高,工艺流程短,避免了下游企业粉尘污染问题。本发明还通过复配工艺将其他必须的阻燃剂在该设备中一并加入,从而使得下游客户可以直接使用,如需再加入其他阻燃粉剂,进一步简化了下游客户的生产过程,大大减少了粉尘对环境和人体的伤害。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,以使本领域的技术人员可以更好地理解本发明并能予以实施,但所举实施例不作为对聚磷酸铵本发明的限定。
实施例1
将50Kg哌嗪分散于9倍的水和乙醇的混合溶液中,加热到60℃,在搅拌的条件下缓慢滴加75Kg磷酸,60分钟滴加完成,继续保持温度搅拌反应9小时,将反应体系自然降温至室温后,停止搅拌,进行抽真空过滤,滤饼用水洗涤至少三次,烘干,得到产物二磷酸哌嗪。
将得到的产物二磷酸哌嗪直接加入加热混炼双螺杆机中在120℃条件下干燥,并脱水熔合后3小时,双螺杆挤出机的长径比为1:40,挤出温度为150℃,模面切粒制得母料。标记为母料1。
实施例2
将50Kg哌嗪分散于3倍的水和乙醇的混合溶液中,加热到105℃,在搅拌的条件下缓慢滴加40Kg磷酸,40分钟滴加完成,继续保持温度搅拌反应2小时,将反应体系自然降温至室温后,停止搅拌,进行抽真空过滤,滤饼用水洗涤至少三次,烘干,得到产物二磷酸哌嗪。
将得到的产物二磷酸哌嗪直接加入加热混炼设备双螺杆挤出机中在170℃条件下干燥,此段设置两个侧喂料装置,侧喂料1用于加入40Kg阻燃剂三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐和20Kg三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐,侧喂料2用于加入25Kg的聚合物树脂聚乙烯,270℃脱水熔合后5小时,双螺杆挤出机的长径比为1:70,挤出温度为220℃,模面切粒制得母料。标记为母料2。
实施例3
将50Kg哌嗪分散于9倍的水和乙醇的混合溶液中,加热到80℃,在搅拌的条件下缓慢滴加50Kg磷酸,60分钟滴加完成,继续保持温度搅拌反应1小时,将反应体系自然降温至室温后,停止搅拌,进行抽真空过滤,进行抽真空过滤,滤饼用水洗涤至少三次,烘干,得到产物二磷酸哌嗪。
将得到的产物二磷酸哌嗪直接加入加热混炼设备单螺杆挤出机中在150℃条件下干燥,此段设置两个侧喂料装置,侧喂料1用于入100Kg阻燃剂次磷酸铝和50Kg聚磷酸铵,侧喂料2用于加入40Kg的聚合物树脂聚乙烯,190℃脱水熔合后6小时,单螺杆挤出机的长径比为1:50,挤出温度为150℃,模面切粒制得母料。标记为母料3。
实施例4
将50K哌嗪分散于8倍的四氢呋喃中,加热到80℃,在搅拌的条件下缓慢滴加51Kg聚磷酸,60分钟滴加完成,继续保持温度搅拌反应5小时,将反应体系自然降温至室温后,停止搅拌,进行抽真空过滤,进行抽真空过滤,滤饼用水洗涤至少三次,烘干,得到产物二磷酸哌嗪。
将得到的产物二磷酸哌嗪直接加入加热混炼设备双螺杆中在150℃条件下干燥,此段设置两个侧喂料装置,侧喂料1用于入50Kg阻燃剂次磷酸铝和30Kg有机次磷酸铝,侧喂料2用于加入20Kg的聚合物树脂聚乙烯,210℃脱水熔合后8小时,双螺杆挤出机的长径比为1:45,挤出温度为145℃,模面切粒制得母料。标记为母料4。
实施例5
将50Kg哌嗪分散于9倍的水和甲醇的混合溶液中,加热到80℃,在搅拌的条件下缓慢滴加48Kg聚磷酸,45分钟滴加完成,继续保持温度搅拌反应4.5小时,将反应体系自然降温至室温后,停止搅拌,进行抽真空过滤,滤饼用水洗涤至少三次,烘干,得到产物二磷酸哌嗪。
将得到的产物二磷酸哌嗪直接加入加热混炼设备带混炼的单螺杆中在180℃条件下干燥,此段设置两个侧喂料装置,侧喂料1用于入50Kg阻燃剂有机次磷酸铝和10Kg硼酸锌,侧喂料2用于加入20Kg的聚合物树脂EVA,270℃脱水熔合后4小时,单螺杆挤出机的长径比为1:50,挤出温度为160℃,牵引拉条切粒制得母料。标记为母料5。
将制的的母料1,母料2和母料3按混合到聚丙烯中,并测试性能如下:
将制的母料4和母料5混合到PA6中,并测试性能如下:
综上所述,本发明的方法所制得的阻燃母料低烟,阻燃效果好,因而本发明成功制得一种无卤、低烟阻燃母料。可以看出单独焦磷酸哌嗪母料时可以达到较好的阻燃效果,如在PP中当添加量为35%可以达到V0级别。而通过与其他阻燃剂复配后可以经一步提高阻燃效果,如配方2中,添加25%的阻燃母料即可达到V0级别,且氧指数提高到31,配方6中,氧指数可提高到32,且最大烟密度降到了最低的355。
以上所述实施例仅是为充分说明本发明而所举的较佳的实施例,本发明的保护范围不限于此。本技术领域的技术人员在本发明基础上所作的等同替代或变换,均在本发明的保护范围之内。本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种阻燃低烟功能母料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将二磷酸哌嗪加入混炼挤出机中,添加阻燃剂和/或聚合物树脂,在120-270℃下脱水熔合,挤出、切粒制得所述阻燃低烟功能母料,其中,所述阻燃剂选自聚磷酸铵、焦磷酸哌嗪、三聚氰胺磷酸盐、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐、次磷酸盐、有机次磷酸盐和硼酸锌中的一种或几种。
2.如权利要求1所述的阻燃低烟功能母料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述聚合物树脂选自聚乙烯、聚丙烯、EVA和热熔胶中的一种或几种。
3.如权利要求1所述的阻燃低烟功能母料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述混炼挤出机为双螺杆挤出机或单螺杆挤出机,双螺杆或单螺杆挤出机的长径比为1: 40-70。
4.如权利要求1所述的阻燃低烟功能母料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述混炼挤出机设置有用于添加阻燃剂和/或聚合物树脂的侧喂料装置。
5.如权利要求1所述的阻燃低烟功能母料的制备方法,其特征在于:采用冷切粒或模面切粒。
6.如权利要求1所述的阻燃低烟功能母料的制备方法,其特征在于,还包括以下制备二磷酸哌嗪的步骤:将哌嗪分散于溶剂中,加热到30-105℃,在搅拌下滴加磷酸,滴加完成后保持温度搅拌反应2-9小时,得到二磷酸哌嗪。
7.如权利要求6所述的阻燃低烟功能母料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述溶剂选自水、甲醇、乙醇、二甲基甲酰胺、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯、冰醋酸、乙二醇和四氢呋喃中的一种或几种。
8.如权利要求6所述的阻燃低烟功能母料的制备方法,其特征在于:磷酸和哌嗪的摩尔比为2-3:1。
9.如权利要求6所述的阻燃低烟功能母料的制备方法,其特征在于:溶剂与哌嗪和磷酸两者之和的质量比3-9:1。
10.一种如权利要求1所述的制备方法制得的阻燃低烟功能母料。
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