CN109180620A - 一种适用于半光氨酸的荧光探针及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种适用于半光氨酸的荧光探针及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109180620A
CN109180620A CN201811295140.0A CN201811295140A CN109180620A CN 109180620 A CN109180620 A CN 109180620A CN 201811295140 A CN201811295140 A CN 201811295140A CN 109180620 A CN109180620 A CN 109180620A
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陈杜刚
党耶城
陈莉
余响林
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种适用于半光氨酸的荧光探针及其制备方法,该种荧光探针与半胱氨酸发生选择性反应,丙烯酰基断裂,得到荧光基团,荧光信号开启,实现对半胱氨酸的选择性检测;荧光基团受强的电子给、受体系影响,分子内电荷转移作用非常明显,能同时得到长波长的荧光发射和较大的斯托克斯位移,继而有效降低背景干扰信号,提高成像质量,本发明提供的荧光探针发射波长为636nm,斯托克是位移为158nm,具有选择性强、灵敏度高和成像优异的特点。

Description

一种适用于半光氨酸的荧光探针及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及化学分析技术领域,具体涉及一种适用于半光氨酸的荧光探针及其制备方法。
背景技术
细胞内广泛存在着三种小分子硫醇类氨基酸,包括半胱氨酸,同型半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽,它们参与了大量重要的生物过程。其中,半胱氨酸在蛋白质的合成、新陈代谢和解毒作用等过程中扮演了非常重要的角色,并且与很多疾病的发生息息相关,如生长迟缓、水肿、肝损伤,心血管疾病和阿尔兹海默病等。同时,这三种硫醇氨基酸在结构上有相似的地方,因此,在活细胞中选择性地检测半胱氨酸有很大的意义并且很有挑战性,将会对一些疾病的辅助诊断及预后提供有价值的信息。
荧光探针具有实时监测、操作方便和无创伤检测等优势,在生物检测领域引起了广泛的关注和研究。目前已见报道的半胱氨酸的荧光探针大多数发射波长较短,背景信号干扰强;少数探针发射红光或者近红外光,但是斯托克斯位移又太小,自吸收现象严重,以致于探针效果较差。因此,亟需一种荧光发射波长较长,斯托克斯位移较大的,选择性好,灵敏度高的半胱氨酸荧光探针。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,针对上述现有技术的不足,提出一种适用于半光氨酸的荧光探针及其制备方法,该种探针选择性好、灵敏度高。
本发明提出一种适用于半光氨酸的荧光探针,具有如下所示的结构式:
一种适用于半光氨酸的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)、将反应物加入到反应容器中;
(2)、再向反应容器中加入缚酸剂和溶剂,低温滴加丙烯酰氯后,在该温度下保温10-30min;
(3)、保温后,将反应容器置于室温下反应,得到反应产物;
(4)、将所述反应产物纯化后,得到一种适用于半胱氨酸的荧光探针;
该荧光探针的合成路线如下:
在细胞环境中,半胱氨酸的巯基能与该探针丙烯酰基中的双键进行亲核取代反应,同时半胱氨酸的氨基能对该丙烯酰基的羰基发生进攻,从而将丙烯酰基以七元环内酰胺的形式从探针分子中断裂下来,从而恢复荧光基团的荧光发射,实现对半胱氨酸的选择性检测。
进一步地,反应需在惰性气体保护下进行。
进一步地,所述缚酸剂为三乙胺、二乙胺、二异丙基胺、二异丙基乙基胺,哌啶和吡啶中的一种或多种。
进一步地,所述溶剂为有机溶剂。
进一步地,所述有机溶剂为二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、四氢呋喃、乙腈、苯和甲苯中的一种或多种。
进一步地,步骤(2)中低温滴加温度为-5-5℃。
进一步地,步骤(3)中反应时间为0.5-5h。
进一步地,所述反应物、丙烯酰氯和缚酸剂的投料摩尔比为1:1-1.5:1-3。
进一步地,步骤(4)中采用硅胶柱层析法进行纯化。
本发明的一种适用于半光氨酸的荧光探针及其制备方法,该种荧光探针与半胱氨酸发生选择性反应,丙烯酰基断裂,得到荧光基团,荧光信号开启,实现对半胱氨酸的选择性检测;荧光基团受强的电子给、受体系影响,分子内电荷转移作用非常明显,能同时得到长波长的荧光发射和较大的斯托克斯位移,继而有效降低背景干扰信号,提高成像质量,本发明提供的荧光探针发射波长为636nm,斯托克是位移为158nm,具有选择性强、灵敏度高和成像优异的特点。
附图说明
图1为本发明荧光探针的[C25H17N3O3Na]+质谱图;
图2为本发明荧光探针干扰性对比及选择性测试结果示意图;
图3为本发明荧光探针对MCF-7活细胞内半胱氨酸的荧光成像图。
具体实施方式
为下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外,本领域技术人员对本发明所做的各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所要求保护的范围内。本发明实施例中的配比均为以重量计。
实施例1
请参照图1。氩气保护下,反应物(0.31 g, 0.85 mmol)和三乙胺(0.09 g, 0.90 mmol)加入到双口烧瓶中,加入二氯甲烷(10 mL)做溶剂,将烧瓶放入冰盐水浴中,温度为-5℃,然后缓慢滴加丙烯酰氯(0.07 g, 0.82 mmol)的二氯甲烷(3 mL)溶液,滴完后保温10分钟,移去冰水浴,室温反应0.5小时。旋蒸除掉溶剂,用硅胶柱层析分离提纯,淋洗剂为二氯甲烷/甲醇(35/1,v/v)。得到探针0.25 g,收率81%。ESI-HRMS: [M+Na]+, [C25H15NO4Na]+,Calculated: 416.0899; Found: 416.0892。
实施例2
氩气保护下,反应物(0.24 g, 0.66 mmol)和三乙胺(0.13 g, 1.32 mmol)加入到双口烧瓶中,加入二氯甲烷(10 mL)做溶剂,将烧瓶放入冰水浴中,温度为0℃,然后缓慢滴加丙烯酰氯(0.09 g, 0.99 mmol)的二氯甲烷(3 mL)溶液,滴完后保温20分钟,移去冰水浴,室温反应2小时。旋蒸除掉溶剂,用硅胶柱层析分离提纯,淋洗剂为二氯甲烷/甲醇(35/1,v/v)。得到探针为0.23 g,收率85%。ESI-HRMS: [M+Na]+, [C25H15NO4Na]+, Calculated:416.0899; Found: 416.0890。
实施例3
氩气保护下,反应物(0.55 g, 1.51 mmol)和三乙胺(0.44 g, 4.52 mmol)加入到双口烧瓶中,加入二氯甲烷(10 mL)做溶剂,将烧瓶放入冷水浴中,温度为5℃,然后缓慢滴加丙烯酰氯(0.20 g, 2.26 mmol)的二氯甲烷(3 mL)溶液,滴完后保温30分钟,移去冰水浴,室温反应5小时。旋蒸除掉溶剂,用硅胶柱层析分离提纯,淋洗剂为二氯甲烷/甲醇(35/1,v/v)。得到探针0.62 g,收率82%。ESI-HRMS: [M+Na]+, [C25H15NO4Na]+, Calculated:416.0899; Found: 416.0886。
实施例4
测定本发明所得荧光探针检测的抗干扰性及选择识别能力。
通过本发明所得的荧光探针分别进行干扰性测试,其中Vc为维生素C,H2O2为双氧水,t-BuOOH为叔丁基过氧化氢,NaClO为次氯酸钠,Gly为甘氨酸,Glu为谷氨酸,His为组氨酸,Pro为脯氨酸,Lys为赖氨酸,Na2S为硫化钠,GSH为谷胱甘肽,Hcy为同型半胱氨酸,Cys为半胱氨酸。
从图2中可以看出在存在不同的干扰试剂下,探针对半胱氨酸具有较强的选择性以及抗干扰能力。
实施例5
为了考察本发明荧光探针对细胞内半胱氨酸(Cys)的检测性能,我们将探针用于活细胞内半胱氨酸的荧光成像实验。如附图3所示,6组实验分别为:对照组(MCF-7细胞);MCF-7细胞用探针培养40分钟;MCF-7细胞用Cys培养1小时后,再用探针培养40分钟;MCF-7细胞用Hcy培养1小时后,再用探针培养40分钟;MCF-7细胞用GSH培养1小时后,再用探针培养40分钟;MCF-7细胞用NEM(N-乙基马来酰亚胺,一种硫醇氨基酸的清除剂)培养1小时后,再用探针培养40分钟;其中,探针的浓度为10 μM,Cys,Hcy,GSH浓度分别为100 μM,NEM浓度为1mM。激发波长488 nm,荧光收集波长为600-700 nm,比例尺20 μm。跟控制组相比,经探针培养的细胞可见明亮的红色荧光。而且,仅当细胞经半胱氨酸(Cys)培养后,荧光会明显增强;经同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)培养后,荧光强度几乎不变。当细胞内的硫醇氨基酸被NEM清除后,荧光强度基本消失。可见,探针对硫醇氨基酸有选择性响应,而且只对半胱氨酸有响应,且细胞成像亮度高、质量好。
以上对本发明的实施例进行了示例性说明,但所述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例,不能被认为用于限定本发明的实施范围。凡依据本发明申请范围的均等变化与改进等,均应归属于本发明的专利涵盖范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种适用于半光氨酸的荧光探针,其特征在于,具有如下所示的结构式:
2.如权利要求1所述的一种适用于半光氨酸的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)、将反应物加入到反应容器中;
(2)、再向反应容器中加入缚酸剂和溶剂,低温滴加丙烯酰氯后,在该温度下保温10-30min;
(3)、保温后,将反应容器置于室温下反应,得到反应产物;
(4)、将所述反应产物纯化后,得到一种适用于半胱氨酸的荧光探针;
该荧光探针的合成路线如下:
3.如权利要求2所述的一种适用于半光氨酸的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于:反应需在惰性气体保护下进行。
4.如权利要求2所述的一种适用于半光氨酸的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于:所述缚酸剂为三乙胺、二乙胺、二异丙基胺、二异丙基乙基胺,哌啶和吡啶中的一种或多种。
5.如权利要求2所述的一种适用于半光氨酸的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于:所述溶剂为有机溶剂。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种适用于半光氨酸的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于:所述有机溶剂为二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、四氢呋喃、乙腈、苯和甲苯中的一种或多种。
7.如权利要求2所述的一种适用于半光氨酸的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中低温滴加温度为-5-5℃。
8.如权利要求2所述的一种适用于半光氨酸的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中反应时间为0.5-5h。
9.如权利要求2所述的一种适用于半光氨酸的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于:所述反应物、丙烯酰氯和缚酸剂的投料摩尔比为1:1-1.5:1-3。
10.如权利要求2所述的一种半光氨酸荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中采用硅胶柱层析法进行纯化。
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