CN109169108A - A kind of Chinese yam breeding method - Google Patents

A kind of Chinese yam breeding method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109169108A
CN109169108A CN201811226578.3A CN201811226578A CN109169108A CN 109169108 A CN109169108 A CN 109169108A CN 201811226578 A CN201811226578 A CN 201811226578A CN 109169108 A CN109169108 A CN 109169108A
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Prior art keywords
seedling
growth
chinese yam
root
soil
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CN201811226578.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
黄枝英
陈丹心
汤红玲
郑凯玲
陈锦文
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Quanzhou Agricultural Science Research Institute
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Quanzhou Agricultural Science Research Institute
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Priority to CN201811226578.3A priority Critical patent/CN109169108A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/25Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H4/00Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
    • A01H4/001Culture apparatus for tissue culture
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H4/00Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
    • A01H4/008Methods for regeneration to complete plants

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Cell Biology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to Chinese yam tissue-cultured seedling to cultivate field, is specifically related to a kind of raisings survival rate, improves quality, the Chinese yam tissue culture seeding cultivating method suitable for popularizing planting, specifically comprises the following steps: step 1, transplanting;Step 2, selection of land field planting;Step 3, field management;Step 4;Timely collecting.

Description

A kind of Chinese yam breeding method
Technical field
The present invention relates to Chinese yams to cultivate field, is specifically related to a kind of Chinese yam tissue culture seeding cultivating method.
Background technique
Chinese yam is the high-efficiency and economic crop of dietotherapeutic, with the development of medical and health cause, Chinese yam production increasingly by To attention, but since Chinese yam long-term nutrition is bred, variety deterioration is caused, yield reduces, and therefore, improving quality is improved and produced Amount, and make the rapid popularizing planting of its excellent variety, have become a major issue urgently to be resolved in Chinese yam production.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve the above technical problems, providing a kind of raising survival rate, improving quality and be suitable for popularizing planting Chinese yam tissue culture seeding cultivating method.
In order to solve the above technical problems, a kind of Chinese yam tissue culture seeding cultivating method provided by the invention, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, transplanting, including following small step:
A. Chinese yam tissue culture plant inoculation 30~50 d in root media, to long to 3~5 of blade,
When growing 2 or more roots can hardening, practice 5~7 d of seedling practicing seedling room, open bottle cap and practice 1~2 d of seedling, washing Miao Shixian will Tissue-culture container seedling is placed in water, and is gently taken seedling in bottle out of with disinfecting forceps, is accomplished not injure root and tender shoots, the training of seedling base portion Base is supported all to clean;
B. 20 min of tissue-cultured seedling first is impregnated with 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 600 times of liquid before kind is planted, it is whole then to choose growth Together, consistent to have root seedling replanting to being equipped in the hole tray of+50% river sand culture substrate of 50% peat soil, all matrix are passed through 1% formaldehyde sterilization;It is watered with root water after tissue culture transplantation of seedlings, covers Small plastic shed film heat and moisture preserving, early period, temperature was maintained at 15 ~25 DEG C, 80% or more humidity;First 2 weeks are crucial management phase after transplanting, this stage needs dim light and higher air wet Degree;Film is gradually taken off after 15 d reduces temperature, increases intensity of illumination, poured every 2 weeks and apply 0.2% urea and 0.1%KH2PO4;
Step 2, selection of land field planting: Chinese yam is best in the regional Planted of 500 m or more of height above sea level, and planting site selects soil layer deep, native Earth is loose, good permeability, easily fills rich in organic matter, easily row, the sandy soil that level of ground water is low, lighting conditions are good, slightly sour to neutral Earth and topography it is flat field plantation, so that Chinese yam potato takes root growth, in winter field deep ploughing 40 cm or more, the layer that plows, The soil of subsoil and substratum, which plough, to be shone white, is made soil through Winter-Spring freeze-thaw weathering, after the beginning of spring, has been dug field circular groove with benefit Irrigation and drainage, then whole ridge, ridge are conducive to plant long period daylighting after planting and are carried out photosynthesis preferably East and West direction, in conjunction with Whole ridge uses sufficient base manure, the ridge both sides Zhong Tufan, and every 667 square metres with high-quality 3000~4 000 kg of farm organic fertilizer or biological organic Fertilizer 250 kg of 750 kg or compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, uniformly imposes on the whole ridge of earthing in ridge;
It can be colonized when tissue culture 7~8 cm of height of seedling of transplant survival, first whole ridge covers silver-colored black mulch film and prevents weeds clump before being colonized It is raw;Planting density, uniline plantation, wide furrow containing ditch are 140 cm, and spacing in the rows is respectively 20 cm, and it is fixed with water that when field planting is watered with;
Step 3, field management: as 13~15 cm of height of seedling, built draws climing is grown up, and climbs vines, increases ventilation and penetrating light Property and photosynthesis area, now spend initial stage, spray 2~3 with 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid to over growth It is secondary, tendril prosperous growth and its reproductive growth are controlled, yield is increased, the shoot growth phase can be poured with decomposed night soil and be applied, and be used cooperatively one Quantitative nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer or instant nitrogenousfertilizer, the insufficient plot of or base manure weak to seedling gesture increase dose, promote tendril raw Early period is focused on instant nitrogenousfertilizer in length, growth, and the middle and later periods focuses on the application of phosphorus, potash fertilizer, but too late, excessive can not apply, Later growth In conjunction with prevention and treatment pest and disease damage, 0.2~0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of root outer spraying 2~3 times, guarantor's leaf is anti-aging, increases yield;
Step 4, timely collecting: Chinese yam tendril starts withered and yellow to the harvesting of spring in next year after the Frost's Descent, and fair weather is selected to carry out.
Further improved to be: step 1 includes following small step:
A. Chinese yam tissue culture plant inoculation 40~50 d in root media, to long to 4~5 of blade,
When growing 2 or more roots can hardening, practice 7 d of seedling practicing seedling room, open bottle cap and practice 2 d of seedling, wash Miao Shixian for tissue culture bottle Seedling is placed in water, and is gently taken seedling in bottle out of with disinfecting forceps, is accomplished not injure root and tender shoots, seedling base portion culture medium is complete It cleans in portion;
B. first impregnate 20 min of tissue-cultured seedling with 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 600 times of liquid before kind is planted, then choose growth neatly, Consistent to have root seedling replanting to being equipped in the hole tray of+50% river sand culture substrate of 50% peat soil, all matrix pass through 1% first Aldehyde antiseptic sterilization.It is watered with root water after tissue culture transplantation of seedlings, covers Small plastic shed film heat and moisture preserving, early period, temperature was maintained at 15~25 DEG C , 80% or more humidity.First 2 weeks are crucial management phase after transplanting, this stage needs dim light and higher air humidity.After 15 d Gradually taking off film reduces temperature, increases intensity of illumination, poured every 2 weeks and apply 0.2% urea and 0.1%KH2PO4.
Further improved to be: in step 3, as 15 cm of height of seedling, built draws climing is grown up, and climbs vines, is increased Add ventilation and penetrating light and photosynthesis area, now spend initial stage, to over growth with 1000 times of 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder Liquid sprays 2~3 times, controls tendril prosperous growth and its reproductive growth, increases yield, and the shoot growth phase can be poured with decomposed night soil and be applied, With the use of a certain amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer or instant nitrogenousfertilizer, the insufficient plot of or base manure weak to seedling gesture increases dose, Promote shoot growth, early period is focused on instant nitrogenousfertilizer in growth, and the middle and later periods focuses on the application of phosphorus, potash fertilizer, but too late, excessive can not apply With Later growth combines prevention and treatment pest and disease damage, and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of root outer spraying 2~3 times, guarantor's leaf is anti-aging, increases and produces Amount.
By using above-mentioned technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: a kind of Chinese yam tissue-cultured seedling provided by the invention The technical solution of breeding method by the way of transplanting after tissue culture regeneration plant, then by field management, is not only able to maintain kind Good characteristic, also improve survival rate, be suitable for popularizing planting, have very high economic value and vast market prospect.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments:
A kind of tissue culture seeding cultivating method of Chinese yam, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, transplanting, including following small step:
A. Chinese yam tissue culture plant inoculation 30~50 d in root media, to long to 3~5 of blade,
When growing 2 or more roots can hardening, practice 5~7 d of seedling practicing seedling room, open bottle cap and practice 1~2 d of seedling, washing Miao Shixian will Tissue-culture container seedling is placed in water, and is gently taken seedling in bottle out of with disinfecting forceps, is accomplished not injure root and tender shoots, the training of seedling base portion Base is supported all to clean;
B. 20 min of tissue-cultured seedling first is impregnated with 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 600 times of liquid before kind is planted, it is whole then to choose growth Together, consistent to have root seedling replanting to being equipped in the hole tray of+50% river sand culture substrate of 50% peat soil, all matrix are passed through 1% formaldehyde sterilization;It is watered with root water after tissue culture transplantation of seedlings, covers Small plastic shed film heat and moisture preserving, early period, temperature was maintained at 15 ~25 DEG C, 80% or more humidity;First 2 weeks are crucial management phase after transplanting, this stage needs dim light and higher air wet Degree;Film is gradually taken off after 15 d reduces temperature, increases intensity of illumination, poured every 2 weeks and apply 0.2% urea and 0.1%KH2PO4;
Step 2, selection of land field planting: Chinese yam happiness temperature is afraid of high temperature again, best in the regional Planted of 500 m or more of height above sea level, planting site choosing Select deep soil layer, loosing soil, good permeability, rich in organic matter, easily row easily fill, level of ground water is low, lighting conditions are good, it is slightly sour extremely The flat field plantation of neutral sand and topography, so that Chinese yam potato takes root growth, in winter field 40 cm of deep ploughing with On, the soil of the layer that plows, subsoil and substratum plough and shines white, makes soil through Winter-Spring freeze-thaw weathering, after the beginning of spring, digs Field circular groove is with sharp irrigation and drainage, and then whole ridge, ridge are conducive to plant long period daylighting after planting and are carried out light preferably East and West direction Cooperation is used, and uses sufficient base manure in conjunction with whole ridge, the ridge both sides Zhong Tufan, and every 667 square metres with high-quality farm organic fertilizer 3000~4 000 250 kg of kg or 750 kg of biological organic fertilizer or compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, uniformly imposes on the whole ridge of earthing in ridge;
It can be colonized when tissue culture 7~8 cm of height of seedling of transplant survival, first whole ridge covers silver-colored black mulch film and prevents weeds clump before being colonized It is raw;Planting density, uniline plantation, wide furrow containing ditch are 140 cm, and spacing in the rows is respectively 20 cm, and it is fixed with water that when field planting is watered with;
Step 3, field management: as 13~15 cm of height of seedling, built draws climing is grown up, and climbs vines, increases ventilation and penetrating light Property and photosynthesis area, now spend initial stage, spray 2~3 with 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid to over growth It is secondary, tendril prosperous growth and its reproductive growth are controlled, yield is increased, the shoot growth phase can be poured with decomposed night soil and be applied, and be used cooperatively one Quantitative nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer or instant nitrogenousfertilizer, the insufficient plot of or base manure weak to seedling gesture increase dose, promote tendril raw Early period is focused on instant nitrogenousfertilizer in length, growth, and the middle and later periods focuses on the application of phosphorus, potash fertilizer, but too late, excessive can not apply, Later growth In conjunction with prevention and treatment pest and disease damage, 0.2~0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of root outer spraying 2~3 times, guarantor's leaf is anti-aging, increases yield;
Step 4, timely collecting: Chinese yam tendril starts withered and yellow to the harvesting of spring in next year after the Frost's Descent, and fair weather is selected to carry out.
The present invention has been described in detail through specific embodiments, but these are not constituted to limit of the invention System.Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can also make many modification and improvement, these are also answered It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of Chinese yam tissue culture seeding cultivating method, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1, transplanting, including following small step:
Chinese yam tissue culture plant inoculation 30~50 d in root media, to long to 3~5 of blade,
When growing 2 or more roots can hardening, practice 5~7 d of seedling practicing seedling room, open bottle cap and practice 1~2 d of seedling, washing Miao Shixian will Tissue-culture container seedling is placed in water, and is gently taken seedling in bottle out of with disinfecting forceps, is accomplished not injure root and tender shoots, the training of seedling base portion Base is supported all to clean;
B. first impregnate 20 min of tissue-cultured seedling with 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 600 times of liquid before kind is planted, then choose growth neatly, Consistent to have root seedling replanting to being equipped in the hole tray of+50% river sand culture substrate of 50% peat soil, all matrix pass through 1% first Aldehyde antiseptic sterilization;It is watered with root water after tissue culture transplantation of seedlings, covers Small plastic shed film heat and moisture preserving, early period, temperature was maintained at 15~25 DEG C , 80% or more humidity;First 2 weeks are crucial management phase after transplanting, this stage needs dim light and higher air humidity;After 15 d Gradually taking off film reduces temperature, increases intensity of illumination, poured every 2 weeks and apply 0.2% urea and 0.1%KH2PO4;
Step 2, selection of land field planting: Chinese yam is best in the regional Planted of 500 m or more of height above sea level, and planting site selects soil layer deep, native Earth is loose, good permeability, easily fills rich in organic matter, easily row, the sandy soil that level of ground water is low, lighting conditions are good, slightly sour to neutral Earth and topography it is flat field plantation, so that Chinese yam potato takes root growth;In winter field deep plough 40 cm or more, the layer that plows, The soil of subsoil and substratum, which plough, to be shone white, is made soil through Winter-Spring freeze-thaw weathering, after the beginning of spring, has been dug field circular groove with benefit Irrigation and drainage, then whole ridge, ridge are conducive to plant long period daylighting after planting and are carried out photosynthesis preferably East and West direction, in conjunction with Whole ridge uses sufficient base manure, the ridge both sides Zhong Tufan, every 667m2With high-quality 3000~4 000 kg of farm organic fertilizer or biological organic fertilizer 250 kg of 750 kg or compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, uniformly imposes on the whole ridge of earthing in ridge;
It can be colonized when tissue culture 7~8 cm of height of seedling of transplant survival, first whole ridge covers silver-colored black mulch film and prevents weeds clump before being colonized It is raw;Planting density, uniline plantation, wide furrow containing ditch are 140 cm, and spacing in the rows is respectively 20 cm, and it is fixed with water that when field planting is watered with;
Step 3, field management: as 13~15 cm of height of seedling, built draws climing is grown up, and climbs vines, increases ventilation and penetrating light Property and photosynthesis area, now spend initial stage, spray 2~3 with 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid to over growth It is secondary, tendril prosperous growth and its reproductive growth are controlled, yield is increased, the shoot growth phase can be poured with decomposed night soil and be applied, and be used cooperatively one Quantitative nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer or instant nitrogenousfertilizer, the insufficient plot of or base manure weak to seedling gesture increase dose, promote tendril raw Early period is focused on instant nitrogenousfertilizer in length, growth, and the middle and later periods focuses on the application of phosphorus, potash fertilizer, but too late, excessive can not apply, Later growth In conjunction with prevention and treatment pest and disease damage, 0.2~0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of root outer spraying 2~3 times, guarantor's leaf is anti-aging, increases yield;
Step 4, timely collecting: Chinese yam tendril starts withered and yellow to the harvesting of spring in next year after the Frost's Descent, and fair weather is selected to carry out.
2. Chinese yam breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 1 includes following small step:
A. Chinese yam tissue culture plant inoculation 40~50 d in root media, to long to 4~5 of blade,
When growing 2 or more roots can hardening, practice 7 d of seedling practicing seedling room, open bottle cap and practice 2 d of seedling, wash Miao Shixian for tissue culture bottle Seedling is placed in water, and is gently taken seedling in bottle out of with disinfecting forceps, is accomplished not injure root and tender shoots, seedling base portion culture medium is complete It cleans in portion;
B. 20 min of tissue-cultured seedling first is impregnated with 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 600 times of liquid before kind is planted, it is whole then to choose growth Together, consistent to have root seedling replanting to being equipped in the hole tray of+50% river sand culture substrate of 50% peat soil, all matrix are passed through 1% formaldehyde sterilization;It is watered with root water after tissue culture transplantation of seedlings, covers Small plastic shed film heat and moisture preserving, early period, temperature was maintained at 18 ~25 DEG C, 80% or more humidity;First 2 weeks are crucial management phase after transplanting, this stage needs dim light and higher air wet Degree;Film is gradually taken off after 15 d reduces temperature, increases intensity of illumination, poured every 2 weeks and apply 0.2% urea and 0.1%KH2PO4.
3. Chinese yam breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 3, the built as 15 cm of height of seedling Draws climing is grown up, and climbs vines, is increased ventilation and penetrating light and photosynthesis area, initial stage is now spent, to the use of over growth 15% 1000 times of paclobutrazol wettable powder liquid sprays 2~3 times, controls tendril prosperous growth and its reproductive growth, increases yield, tendril Growth period can be poured with decomposed night soil and be applied, be used cooperatively a certain amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer or instant nitrogenousfertilizer, it is weak to seedling gesture or The insufficient plot of base manure increases dose, promotes shoot growth, and early period is focused on instant nitrogenousfertilizer in growth, and the middle and later periods focuses on phosphorus, potash fertilizer Application, but can not too late, excessive application, Later growth combines prevention and treatment pest and disease damage, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate of root outer spraying 2~3 times, guarantor's leaf is anti-aging, increases yield.
CN201811226578.3A 2018-10-22 2018-10-22 A kind of Chinese yam breeding method Withdrawn CN109169108A (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105379526A (en) * 2015-11-04 2016-03-09 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 Non-tillage ecological cultivation method for Chinese yams
CN107371699A (en) * 2017-07-26 2017-11-24 桂平市金田镇旷福淮山种植专业合作社 A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich Chinese yam
CN107624579A (en) * 2017-10-10 2018-01-26 南宁致侨农业有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of shallow raw Chinese yam
CN107736208A (en) * 2017-11-02 2018-02-27 保山市经济作物技术推广工作站 A kind of shallow raw groove directional cultivation method of Chinese yam

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105379526A (en) * 2015-11-04 2016-03-09 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 Non-tillage ecological cultivation method for Chinese yams
CN107371699A (en) * 2017-07-26 2017-11-24 桂平市金田镇旷福淮山种植专业合作社 A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich Chinese yam
CN107624579A (en) * 2017-10-10 2018-01-26 南宁致侨农业有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of shallow raw Chinese yam
CN107736208A (en) * 2017-11-02 2018-02-27 保山市经济作物技术推广工作站 A kind of shallow raw groove directional cultivation method of Chinese yam

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
丰锋等: "植物生长抑制剂对淮山药组培苗生长的影响", 《作物杂志》 *
杨培新等: "淮山药组培苗假植基质的初步研究", 《安徽农业科学》 *
王景飞等: "淮山组培苗的移栽驯化技术分析", 《中国园艺文摘》 *
王长龙: "不同基质对淮山组培苗移植成活率的影响", 《农业与技术》 *

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Application publication date: 20190111