CN109168804A - A kind of comprehensive prevention method of flue-cured tobacco common disease and pest - Google Patents
A kind of comprehensive prevention method of flue-cured tobacco common disease and pest Download PDFInfo
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- CN109168804A CN109168804A CN201811009975.5A CN201811009975A CN109168804A CN 109168804 A CN109168804 A CN 109168804A CN 201811009975 A CN201811009975 A CN 201811009975A CN 109168804 A CN109168804 A CN 109168804A
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- flue
- cured tobacco
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- disease
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of green composite control methods of flue-cured tobacco pest and disease damage, the method is directed to flue-cured tobacco common disease and pest, enhance cigarette strain disease resistance using oligogalacturonans are added in nursery stage culture solution, application before tuber of stemona matrine mixed extract and organic fertilizer are transplanted after evenly mixing, make between different disease resistance flue-cured tobacco cultivars, the mixture application of a variety of biological pesticides, can effectively prevent flue-cured tobacco virosis, powdery mildew, balck shank and black cutworm, prodenia litura；A kind of method for integrated control of flue-cured tobacco pest and disease damage of the present invention, substantially reduces the amount of application of conventional chemical pesticide, reduces chemical pesticide to the adverse effect of pest natural enemy, reduces agricultural chemical residue in tobacco, reduces pollution of the conventional chemical pesticide to environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to flue-cured tobacco pest control technical fields, for the common floral leaf of the common flue-cured tobacco of tobacco planting process
Disease, powdery mildew, balck shank and black cutworm, prodenia litura are increased using oligogalacturonans are added in nursery stage culture solution
Application before strong cigarette strain disease resistance, tuber of stemona melia toosendan matrine mixed extract and organic fertilizer are transplanted after evenly mixing, it is different disease-resistant
Make between ability flue-cured tobacco cultivars, the mixture application of a variety of biological pesticides has while substantially reducing conventional chemical applications of pesticide amount
Effect controls pest and disease damage.
Background technique
Pest and disease damage is always one of an important factor for influencing cured tobacco production, especially in recent years, fast with tobacco industry
Speed development and the change of climatic environment, crop allocation and cropping system etc., China's tobacco pest species increase increasingly, endanger journey
Degree aggravates year by year, has seriously affected the yield and quality of China tobacco, only production loss caused by disease just accounts for the 10- of annual output
15%。
By pest and disease damage prediction, using raising tobacco plant resistance, release natural enemy elder brother before pest and disease damage occurs on a large scale
Worm and in advance promptly and accurately technologies such as medication, can the scale of effectively disease and pest control occur.Pre- preventing disease and pest in advance, not only
Cured tobacco production cost can be reduced, increases tobacco planting income, chemical pesticide usage amount can also be reduced, reduce tobacco residue,
Protect cigarette district environment.According to statistics, common flue-cured tobacco pest and disease damage has:
Flue-cured tobacco common mosaic is spent on leaf after Tobacco Infected by the tobacco virus of tobacco mosaic virus infection initiation
Defective mode is sunk into leaf symptom, growth, and leaf is often in deformity.Tobacco mosaic virus can be overwintering in various plants, primary source of infection
For band invalid body and other host plants, in addition the malicious fertilizer of sufficiently not decomposed band can also be led to First aggression.Tobacco ordinary floral leaf
Disease can not cure once occurring, prevent and treat the disease and mainly aim at prevention, core is exactly to enhance the resistivity of cigarette strain.
Flue-cured tobacco powdery mildew, be infected by the tobacco powder spore bacterium of Deuteromycotina it is caused.Germ is in invalid body, Solanaceae host
Or it is overwintering on regeneration cigarette, it is propagated by means of wind, rain.The optimum temperature of morbidity is 16~26 DEG C, relative humidity is 60~75%.It applies
Nitrogenous fertilizer is excessive, cigarette strain grows densely, go out between ventilation and penetrating light it is bad when, lower blade susceptible disease.
Flue-cured tobacco balck shank, by Oomycete fungal, caused by the infection of phytophthora parasitica tobacco pathogen type.Mostly occur in Adult plant, stem
Stalk is caught an illness, and basal part of stem is just in water stain shape blackspot, it is backward up and down and marrow extension, when around stem one week, plant is wilted death.The disease passes
It is wider to broadcast approach, soil, plant residue and flowing water can propagate the disease, and treatment difficulty is also larger after which occurs, and enhance disease-resistant
Ability is also to prevent and treat the main path of balck shank.
Black cutworm, in China, each cigarette district has generation, larval feeding seedling, and adult eats tender leaf and blade, and harm is serious
When, tobacco seedlings are bitten broken, blade is eaten up.Since black cutworm is hidden by day and come out at night, hide under soil for a long time, conventional outside sprays
Pesticide, can not play effect, and period poison bait effect is also undesirable.
Prodenia litura also known as cigarette beetle, each cigarette district in China have generation, and Southwest tobacco-growing areas occurs serious.Tobacco budding with
Before, core bud and tender leaf are endangered, small holes are eaten into, blade is eaten up when serious, only stays vein.Long-term chemical prevention enhances twill night
The drug resistance of moth, natural enemy insect prevent and treat the generation that can sufficiently avoid drug resistance, cooperate biological pesticide, can effectively prevent twill night
Moth.
The present invention, to enhance tobacco plant resistance as core, passes through biological pesticide to prevent the main thought for Pest management
The change and compounding application of method of application, and it is loaded with the bulk storage of the trichogramma of muscardine, formation is multi-faceted, comprehensive flue-cured tobacco is normal
See the techniques of pest control, effective prevention and control pest and disease damage.
Summary of the invention
The present invention for common flue-cured tobacco common mosaic, powdery mildew, balck shank and the black cutworm of tobacco planting process, tiltedly
Autographa spp enhances cigarette strain disease resistance, tuber of stemona melia toosendan matrine using oligogalacturonans are added in nursery stage culture solution
Mixed extract and organic fertilizer are applied before transplanting after evenly mixing, are made between different disease resistance flue-cured tobacco cultivars, a variety of biological pesticides
Mixture application, effectively control pest and disease damage while substantially reducing conventional chemical applications of pesticide amount.
To achieve the above object, the invention patent adopts the following technical scheme that
(1) when tobacco planting germinates 30-40 days, oligogalacturonans is pressed into concentration 0.01- 0.05g/L, are put into nursery pond
In, until transplanting；(2) when tobacco seedlings are transplanted, the kuh-seng alkali extracting solution of the tuber of stemona extracting solution of 0.1%-0.5% and 0.5%-0.9% is pressed
The mixing of 1:1 ratio, after being diluted with water 200-400 times, in the ratio of 1:100-200, with organic fertilizer or farmyard manure puddle uniformly,
The pool is carried out when flue-cured tobacco transplanting to apply；(3) in flue-cured tobacco transplanting, by balck shank, powdery mildew it is different with common mosaic resistance three
A flue-cured tobacco cultivars cloud and mist 87, NC102 and dark green No.1 are made between carrying out；(4) when going back seedling stage, by 2% cytosintetidemycin and 0.5% amino
After 800-1000 times of oligosaccharide mixed diluting, foliar spray；When the prosperous growth phase, the tuber of stemona extracting solution and 0.5%-0.9% of 0.1%-0.5%
Kuh-seng alkali extracting solution in 1:1 ratio mix, after being diluted with water 200-400 times, foliar spray；When the maturity period, by 0.5% rheum officinale
After plain methyl ether and 2% 800-1000 times of cytosintetidemycin mixed diluting, foliar spray.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: Qujing City of Yunnan Province Xuanwei hot water carry out test, test flue-cured tobacco cultivars be dark green No.1, NC102 and
Cloud and mist 87 was transplanted April 20, and seeding row spacing is 55cm × 110cm, and experimental field soil types is red soil, testing ground area 1
Mu；Conventional control and blank control varieties of plant are cloud and mist 87, and chemical reference applies organic commercial fertilizer 500kg per acre；Pesticide
Application is executed by flue-cured tobacco general planting requirement, when going back seedling stage, after 800 times of amino-oligosaccharide mixed diluting of 0.5%, and blade face spray
Mist；When the prosperous growth phase, 10% gamma cyhalothrin is diluted 800 times, foliar spray；When the maturity period, by 25% triazolone pulvis
After 800 times of dilution, foliar spray；Any pesticide is not applied in blank control.
At test flue-cured tobacco cultivars germination 30 days, according to the concentration of 0.01g/L, fallen after oligogalacturonans are dissolved
Enter in nursery pond；When transplanting, 0.1% tuber of stemona extracting solution and 0.9% kuh-seng alkali extracting solution are mixed in 1:1 ratio, by 1:100's
Ratio uniformly, carries out the pool before flue-cured tobacco transplanting and applies with organic fertilizer (applying organic commercial fertilizer 500kg per acre) mixture, other fertilizer
It is applied by the standard fertilizer requirement of each flue-cured tobacco cultivars；It is each roasting by dark green No.1, the sequence of cloud and mist 87 and NC102 when tobacco seedlings are transplanted
Tobacco kind plants a line, plants nine rows；Also seedling stage when, by 2% cytosintetidemycin and 800 times of amino-oligosaccharide mixed diluting of 0.5%
Afterwards, foliar spray；When the prosperous growth phase, 0.1% tuber of stemona extracting solution and 0.9% kuh-seng alkali extracting solution are mixed in 1:1 ratio, it is dilute with water
After releasing 200-400 times, foliar spray；When the maturity period, after 800 times of 0.5% Physcion and 2% cytosintetidemycin mixed diluting,
Foliar spray.
Tobacco diseases, Investigation of Pests analysis method are classified and adjust referring to National Standard of the People's Republic of China tobacco pest and disease damage
Checking method (GB/T23222-2008) carries out, and every a line fixes 5 points of samplings, and every a line at least takes 10 plants of flue-cured tobaccos, disease index with
Relative control effect Computer Corp. is as follows:
The total strain of disease index=(diseased plants at different levels or Ye Shuo ╳ the disease grade value)/investigation or Ye Shuo ╳ superlative degree Zhi ╳ 100
Relative control effect (%)=(control disease index-processing disease index)/control state of an illness Zhi Shuo ╳ 100
Revision insect recluced rate=(borer population after borer population-application before being administered)/Chong Shuo ╳ 100 before being administered
Relative control effect=(treatment region Revision insect recluced rate-clear water compares Revision insect recluced rate)/(1- clear water compares insect population Jian Tui Shuai ╳
100%
Investigation result is as follows:
Embodiment 2: carrying out in Yunnan Province Shilin county slab bridge town and test, and test flue-cured tobacco cultivars are dark green No.1, NC102 and cloud and mist
87, it was transplanted April 26, seeding row spacing is 55cm × 110cm, and experimental field soil types is red soil, and testing ground area is 1 mu；Often
Rule prevention and treatment and blank control varieties of plant are cloud and mist 87, and chemical reference applies organic commercial fertilizer 500kg per acre；The applications of pesticide are pressed
Flue-cured tobacco general planting requires to execute, when going back seedling stage, after 800 times of amino-oligosaccharide mixed diluting of 0.5%, and foliar spray；Prosperous growth
When the phase, 10% gamma cyhalothrin is diluted 800 times, foliar spray；When the maturity period, by 25% triazolone Dilution for powder 800
After times, foliar spray；Any pesticide is not applied in blank control.
At test flue-cured tobacco cultivars germination 30 days, according to the concentration of 0.03g/L, fallen after oligogalacturonans are dissolved
Enter in nursery pond；When transplanting, 0.5% tuber of stemona extracting solution and 0.5% kuh-seng alkali extracting solution will be mixed in 1:1 ratio, by 1:150
Ratio uniformly with organic fertilizer (per acre apply organic commercial fertilizer 500kg) mixture carry out the pool before flue-cured tobacco transplanting and apply, other fertilizer
Material is applied by the fertilizer requirement of each flue-cured tobacco cultivars；When tobacco seedlings are transplanted, by dark green No.1, the sequence of NC102 and cloud and mist 87, each flue-cured tobacco
Kind plants a line, plants nine rows；Also seedling stage when, after 2% cytosintetidemycin and 900 times of amino-oligosaccharide mixed diluting of 0.5%,
Foliar spray；When the prosperous growth phase, 0.5% tuber of stemona extracting solution and 0.5% kuh-seng alkali extracting solution are mixed in 1:1 ratio, are diluted with water
After 200-400 times, foliar spray；When the maturity period, after 900 times of 0.5% Physcion and 2% cytosintetidemycin mixed diluting, leaf
Face is spraying.
Investigation method is the same as embodiment 1.
Investigation result is as follows:
Embodiment 3: carrying out in the county Shuan Jiang of Lincang City of Yunnan Province and test, and test flue-cured tobacco cultivars are dark green No.1, NC102 and cloud and mist
87, it was transplanted April 26, seeding row spacing is 55cm × 110cm, and experimental field soil types is red soil, and testing ground area is 1 mu；Often
Rule prevention and treatment and blank control varieties of plant are cloud and mist 87, and chemical reference applies organic commercial fertilizer 500kg per acre；The applications of pesticide are pressed
Flue-cured tobacco general planting requires to execute, when going back seedling stage, after 800 times of amino-oligosaccharide mixed diluting of 0.5%, and foliar spray；Prosperous growth
When the phase, 10% gamma cyhalothrin is diluted 800 times, foliar spray；When the maturity period, by 25% triazolone Dilution for powder 800
After times, foliar spray；Any pesticide is not applied in blank control.
At test flue-cured tobacco cultivars germination 30 days, according to the concentration of 0.05g/L, fallen after oligogalacturonans are dissolved
Enter in nursery pond；When transplanting, 0.3% tuber of stemona extracting solution and 0.7% kuh-seng alkali extracting solution are mixed in 1:1 ratio, by 1:200's
Ratio uniformly, carries out the pool before flue-cured tobacco transplanting and applies with organic fertilizer (applying organic commercial fertilizer 500kg per acre) mixture, other fertilizer
It is applied by the fertilizer requirement of each flue-cured tobacco cultivars；When tobacco seedlings are transplanted, by NC102, the sequence of dark green No.1 and cloud and mist 87, each flue-cured tobacco product
Kind plantation a line, plants nine rows；Also seedling stage when, after 2% cytosintetidemycin and 1000 times of amino-oligosaccharide mixed diluting of 0.5%,
Foliar spray；When the prosperous growth phase, 0.3% tuber of stemona extracting solution and 0.7% matrine are mixed in extracting solution 1:1 ratio, are diluted with water
After 200-400 times, foliar spray；When the maturity period, after 1000 times of 0.5% Physcion and 2% cytosintetidemycin mixed diluting, leaf
Face is spraying.
Investigation method is the same as embodiment 1.
Investigation result is as follows:
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method for integrated control of flue-cured tobacco pest and disease damage, which is characterized in that the described method includes: adding in nursery stage culture solution
Oligogalacturonans are added to enhance cigarette strain disease resistance, before tuber of stemona matrine mixed extract and organic fertilizer are transplanted after evenly mixing
It applies, makees between different disease resistance flue-cured tobacco cultivars, the mixture application of a variety of biological pesticides carries the bulk storage of muscardine trichogramma.
2. a kind of method for integrated control of flue-cured tobacco pest and disease damage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that sent out in tobacco seed
At bud 30-40 days, oligogalacturonans are pressed into concentration 0.01- 0.05g/L, are put into nursery pond, until transplanting.
3. a kind of method for integrated control of flue-cured tobacco pest and disease damage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that by 0.1%-0.5%
Tuber of stemona extracting solution and 0.5%-0.9% kuh-seng alkali extracting solution in 1:1 ratio mix, after being diluted with water 200-400 times, by 1:
The ratio of 100-200, it is uniform with organic fertilizer or farmyard manure mixture, the pool, which is carried out, in flue-cured tobacco transplanting applies.
4. a kind of method for integrated control of flue-cured tobacco pest and disease damage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that will to balck shank,
Powdery mildew and the different dark green No.1 of three flue-cured tobacco cultivars of common mosaic resistance, NC102 and cloud and mist 87 are made between carrying out.
5. a kind of method for integrated control of flue-cured tobacco pest and disease damage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that, will when going back seedling stage
2% cytosintetidemycin and 0.5% 800-1000 times of amino-oligosaccharide mixed diluting after, foliar spray；When the prosperous growth phase, by 0.1%-
0.5% tuber of stemona extracting solution and the kuh-seng alkali extracting solution of 0.5%-0.9% are mixed in 1:1 ratio, after being diluted with water 200-400 times, leaf
Face is spraying；When the maturity period, after 0.5% Physcion and 2% 800-1000 times of cytosintetidemycin mixed diluting, foliar spray.
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| CN201811009975.5A CN109168804A (en) | 2018-08-31 | 2018-08-31 | A kind of comprehensive prevention method of flue-cured tobacco common disease and pest |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111642301A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-09-11 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | Pesticide application prevention and control method for safflower large-gold-element susceptible diseases under acidic soil condition |
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| CN111642301A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-09-11 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | Pesticide application prevention and control method for safflower large-gold-element susceptible diseases under acidic soil condition |
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Application publication date: 20190111 |