CN1091652C - 基于三价铬化合物的催化剂的再生方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
再生可选地负载的基于Cr(III)化合物的氟化催化剂的方法,包括a)在350-400℃用空气/惰性气体混合物处理以及b)在300-380℃用含有0.5-5体积%脂族烃C1-C8的惰性气体混合物处理。
Description
本发明涉及再生可选地负载的基于Cr(III)化合物的氟化催化剂的方法。
在高温下进行的含卤有机化合物的多种反应中使用基于Cr(III)的催化剂是本领域众所周知的。
具体地说,已知工业上在高温下、在气相中、为引进氟原子而在HF和含卤烃之间进行的反应中使用的多种氟化催化剂,为可选地载于氧化铝、氟化氧化铝、三氟化铝的、基于Cr(III)的氧化物/氧氟化物。
从美国专利5,262,574和欧洲专利408,005中,我们知道,在气相中用HF分别氟化CCl2=CCl2和CHCl=CCl2以获得CF3CHCl2(HCFC-123)和CF3CH2Cl(HCFC-133a)的氟化中使用载于AlF3的Cr2O3。
这类催化剂在工业氟化厂中的使用期间,由于在其表面沉淀了含有由放入反应的有机化合物的裂解和/或低聚而衍生的含碳残留物和/或有机低聚物的有机污染物,因而易于失活。
为了恢复催化活性,一般将废催化剂用诸如空气或氧气/氮气混合物之类的氧化气体,在足够高的温度下(300-500℃)进行处理,以引起有机污染物的燃烧。
然而,上述处理也使Cr(III)部分氧化为Cr(VI),因此损耗活性金属Cr(III),而降低催化剂的活性,并缩短其寿命。
此外还生成非常讨厌的有毒的挥发性Cr(VI)化合物,由于它们在环境中的分散受法律管制,使得废水中不允许Cr(VI)的浓度高于1ppm,甚至在气体流出物中不允许较低浓度的Cr(VI)出现。
在用HF进行的氟化生产中,在使用如此再活化的催化剂的情况下,更讨厌出现Cr(VI),因为它与HF反应,生成Cr(VI)的氧氟化物-CrO2F2,后者在室温下为气态,并且有毒,污染生产流出物。
在用空气再生期间以及在与HF的连续反应中,为了避免催化剂的铬的损耗,欧洲专利475,693中提出了通过用含有高至30%(摩尔)空气的HF/空气混合物,在300-500℃进行处理来再生基于铬化合物的催化剂。
然而,这一方法的缺点是,为了避免再生混合物中所用的显著量HF的损耗,必须使用两个反应器,其中可选地在一个反应器中进行废催化剂的再生,而同时在另一反应器中通过再循环直接来自再生反应器的加热的HF,进行含卤有机化合物的氟化。
现已发现废或失活的、基于Cr(III)化合物的催化剂的再生方法可以在含有催化剂床的同一反应器中进行,不显示先有技术的不便之处和缺点,并允许获得不含Cr(VI)化合物并且不损耗活性Cr(III)的、再生的高活性催化剂。
本发明方法包括
a)用氧化气体、特别是空气,以本领域已知的形式进行处理的第一阶段,
b)在特殊温度下,用以特殊比率与惰性气体混合的气态脂族烃处理,以将在先前的氧化相期间生成的Cr(VI)化合物还原为Cr(III)化合物的后续阶段。
由于在b)阶段中使用气态脂族烃,我们可以预期,气态脂族烃与基于Cr(III)催化剂的活性催化表面接触,具体地说该催化剂基于Cr2O3和/或Cr(III)氧氟化物,并且所用的高温导致烃分子裂解或低聚等多种反应,生成含碳化合物和/或沥青化合物,通过污染催化剂表面而降低其活性。
申请人意外地发现,由于在b)阶段中使用以特殊比率与惰性气体混合的脂族烃,在催化剂表面没有含碳残留物生成,反而使得Cr(VI)化合物还原为Cr(III)化合物。
因此本发明的目的是提供再生由于其表面存在有机污染物而废的、可选地负载的基于Cr(III)化合物的氟化催化剂的方法,包括:
a)在350-400℃,用空气流或用氧气/惰性气体混合物处理废催化剂,直至有机污染物消失,
b)在a)阶段后获得的催化剂在300-380℃,用由惰性气体和0.5-5%(体积)的一种或多种具有1-8个碳原子的脂族烃形成的气态混合物流进行处理,直至氧化相期间生成的Cr(VI)化合物完全还原为Cr(III)化合物。
在a)阶段和b)阶段中使用的惰性气体最好是氮气。
在b)阶段中所用的脂族烃最好含有1-4个碳原子,诸如甲烷、乙烷、丙烷和丁烷、丁烷或丙烷之类,最好是它们的混合物,在与惰性气体的混合物中的它们的量最好为1-3%(体积)。
在b)阶段中的处理温度范围最好为310-340℃,而压力不重要,可以在大气压至大约5个相对巴内变化。
b)阶段中的处理时间一般少于1小时。
本发明方法特别适用于载于AlF3、Al2O3或氟化Al2O3的、基于Cr(III)氧化物和/或氧氟化物的氟化催化剂(用于在气相中用HF进行的含卤烃的氟化)的再生。
具体地说,载于AlF3的基于Cr(III)氧化物和/或氧氟化物的催化剂,可以在工厂中长时间地连续用来由全氟乙烷和HF、按美国专利5,262,574中描述的、按照本发明用再生周期更换生产周期而制备HCFC-123,而没有铬和催化活性的实际损失。
相反,如果在几个生产/再生周期后只用a)氧化阶段进行再生,那么可注意到催化剂铬的实际损耗及其催化活性的衰退。
以下一些实施例是为了说明本发明。
对实施例中所用的催化剂测定:
-通过TPO分析(温度程控氧化)测定含碳物质的含量
-通过TPR分析(温度程控还原)和用湿法的氧化滴定分析测定Cr(VI)化合物的含量
-通过催化试验测定催化活性。
本领域众所周知的TPO分析和TPR分析如下进行:分别让氧化气体和还原气体流过催化剂样品,同时将其逐渐地从室温、以10℃/min的编程速度加热至700℃,测定分析气体成分的变化,与不通过样品的参考气流相比较。
对于TPO,使用40cc/min、含有5%(体积)氧气的氧气/氦气混合物流。
对于TPR,使用40cc/min、含有10%(体积)氢气的氢气/氩气混合物流。
在本领域众所周知的用湿法的氧化滴定分析中,通过用酸化水洗涤,然后连续用KI/硫代硫酸盐滴定,从催化剂样品中提取Cr(VI)化合物。
催化试验包括在320℃用无水HF进行的HCFC-133a(CF3CH2Cl)的标准氟化(133a/HF的摩尔比为1∶4)中使用催化剂样品。
实施例1
将按美国专利5,262,574中描述制备的、含有7.4%铬、载于AlF3的、基于Cr(III)氧化物的催化剂用于由全氟乙烷和HF进行的HCFC-123的连续合成(按照上述美国专利实施例1描述的操作条件)中。
催化剂在连续操作直至催化活性降至70%其原始值后(用催化试验评价),按顺序通过以下处理,进行现场再生:
a)用含有30%(体积)空气的氮气/空气混合物流在380℃进行处理,直至有机污染物消失(用TPO分析),并且恢复催化活性。
TPR和用湿法的氧化滴定分析表明,催化剂含有0.2%(重量)Cr(VI),
b)在325℃连续用含有1%(体积)丙烷的氮气/丙烷混合物以及流率在150Nl/小时每公斤的催化剂处理50分钟。
通过TPR分析,催化剂显示出不存在Cr(VI)。
TPO分析表明不存在可探测量的有机污染物,而催化试验表明,催化剂的活性与起始新鲜催化剂的活性相同。
然后将如此再生的催化剂再置于合成HCFC-123的操作中,催化剂的作图方式与起始新鲜催化剂相同。
实施例2(比较例)
重复实施例1,只是b)阶段用含有10%(体积)丙烷的气态氮气/丙烷混合物进行25分钟。
TPR和用湿法的氧化滴定分析表明,催化剂不存在Cr(VI),但TPO分析表明存在0.3%(重量)(用碳表示)的有机污染物。
如实施例1那样,将催化剂再次置于合成HCFC-123的操作中,在实施例1再生催化剂操作时间的一半时间后失活。
Claims (8)
1.再生由于其表面存在有机污染物而废的、可选地负载的基于Cr(III)化合物的氟化催化剂的方法,包括:
a)在350-400℃,用空气流或用氧气/惰性气体混合物处理废催化剂,直至有机污染物消失,
b)在300-380℃,用由惰性气体和0.5-5体积%的一种或多种具有1-8个碳原子的脂族烃形成的气态混合物流处理在a)阶段后获得的催化剂,直至氧化相期间生成的Cr(VI)化合物完全还原为Cr(III)化合物。
2.按照权利要求1的方法,其中Cr(III)化合物为氧化物和/或氧氟化物,而载体选自AlF3、Al2O3、氟化Al2O3。
3.按照权利要求1的方法,其中催化剂由载于AlF3上的Cr(III)氧化物和/或氧氟化物组成。
4.按照权利要求1的方法,其中脂族烃含有1-4个碳原子。
5.按照权利要求1的方法,其中脂族烃为丙烷和/或丁烷,在与惰性气体的混合物中的量为1-3体积%。
6.按照权利要求1的方法,其中在a)阶段和b)阶段中使用的惰性气体是氮气。
7.按照权利要求1的方法,其中b)阶段的实施温度为310-340℃。
8.按照权利要求1的方法再生的催化剂在用HF在气相中进行含卤烃氟化的方法中的用途,所述催化剂可选地是负载的基于Cr(III)化合物的催化剂。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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ITMI96A000891 | 1996-05-06 | ||
IT96MI000891A IT1282960B1 (it) | 1996-05-06 | 1996-05-06 | Processo per la rigenerazione di un catalizzatore a base di composti cromo trivalente |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1166379A CN1166379A (zh) | 1997-12-03 |
CN1091652C true CN1091652C (zh) | 2002-10-02 |
Family
ID=11374203
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN97111148A Expired - Fee Related CN1091652C (zh) | 1996-05-06 | 1997-05-06 | 基于三价铬化合物的催化剂的再生方法 |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5817895A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0806241B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH1043607A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR970073686A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1091652C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE228032T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU712733B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9703059A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2204584A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69717191T2 (zh) |
IN (1) | IN191115B (zh) |
IT (1) | IT1282960B1 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW409073B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP3257832B2 (en) | 2011-01-21 | 2022-10-19 | Arkema France | Catalytic gas phase fluorination |
FR3045029A1 (fr) * | 2015-12-14 | 2017-06-16 | Arkema France | Fluoration catalytique en phase gazeuse avec des catalyseurs a base de chrome |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5092141A (zh) * | 1973-12-13 | 1975-07-23 | ||
CN1071348A (zh) * | 1990-09-14 | 1993-04-28 | 帝国化学工业公司 | 再生氟化催化剂的方法 |
US5262574A (en) * | 1987-03-09 | 1993-11-16 | Ausimont S.P.A. | Process for preparing 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane by hydrofluorination in the presence of catalysts |
DE4419534C1 (de) * | 1994-06-03 | 1995-10-19 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur Regenerierung eines chrom- und magnesiumhaltigen Fluorierungskatalysators |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ATE132478T1 (de) * | 1990-10-22 | 1996-01-15 | Fina Research | Verfahren zur katalytischen dehydrierung von alkylaromatischen kohlenwasserstoffen |
JP3248923B2 (ja) * | 1991-05-29 | 2002-01-21 | 昭和電工株式会社 | クロム系フッ素化触媒の賦活再生方法およびハロゲン化炭化水素の製造方法 |
-
1996
- 1996-05-06 IT IT96MI000891A patent/IT1282960B1/it active IP Right Grant
-
1997
- 1997-04-24 DE DE69717191T patent/DE69717191T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-04-24 EP EP97106795A patent/EP0806241B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-24 AT AT97106795T patent/ATE228032T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-05-02 IN IN789CA1997 patent/IN191115B/en unknown
- 1997-05-02 JP JP9114865A patent/JPH1043607A/ja active Pending
- 1997-05-02 US US08/850,771 patent/US5817895A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-05-05 AU AU20034/97A patent/AU712733B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-05-05 TW TW086105944A patent/TW409073B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-05-05 BR BR9703059A patent/BR9703059A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-05-06 KR KR1019970017241A patent/KR970073686A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-05-06 CN CN97111148A patent/CN1091652C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-05-06 CA CA002204584A patent/CA2204584A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5092141A (zh) * | 1973-12-13 | 1975-07-23 | ||
US5262574A (en) * | 1987-03-09 | 1993-11-16 | Ausimont S.P.A. | Process for preparing 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane by hydrofluorination in the presence of catalysts |
CN1071348A (zh) * | 1990-09-14 | 1993-04-28 | 帝国化学工业公司 | 再生氟化催化剂的方法 |
DE4419534C1 (de) * | 1994-06-03 | 1995-10-19 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur Regenerierung eines chrom- und magnesiumhaltigen Fluorierungskatalysators |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1166379A (zh) | 1997-12-03 |
IT1282960B1 (it) | 1998-04-02 |
ITMI960891A1 (it) | 1997-11-06 |
CA2204584A1 (en) | 1997-11-06 |
DE69717191T2 (de) | 2003-07-10 |
BR9703059A (pt) | 1998-08-25 |
ITMI960891A0 (zh) | 1996-05-06 |
JPH1043607A (ja) | 1998-02-17 |
IN191115B (zh) | 2003-09-20 |
KR970073686A (ko) | 1997-12-10 |
MX9703303A (es) | 1998-07-31 |
US5817895A (en) | 1998-10-06 |
EP0806241A1 (en) | 1997-11-12 |
DE69717191D1 (de) | 2003-01-02 |
ATE228032T1 (de) | 2002-12-15 |
AU2003497A (en) | 1997-11-13 |
TW409073B (en) | 2000-10-21 |
EP0806241B1 (en) | 2002-11-20 |
AU712733B2 (en) | 1999-11-11 |
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