CN109149116B - Novel dual-polarized horn antenna - Google Patents
Novel dual-polarized horn antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN109149116B CN109149116B CN201810965203.2A CN201810965203A CN109149116B CN 109149116 B CN109149116 B CN 109149116B CN 201810965203 A CN201810965203 A CN 201810965203A CN 109149116 B CN109149116 B CN 109149116B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel dual-polarized horn antenna which comprises a rectangular horn radiation cavity, a coupling gap, a coupling radiation cavity, a waveguide matching section, an orthogonal mode coupler and a rectangular waveguide coaxial conversion joint. The wide edge and the narrow edge of the rectangular horn radiation cavity can determine the initial size according to the requirements of taper level of an E surface directional diagram and an H surface directional diagram polarized along the direction of the narrow edge; the coupling gaps are symmetrically distributed on the narrow side wall of the rectangular horn, and the long sides of the gaps are parallel to the narrow side direction of the horn; the group of symmetrical coupling radiation cavities are connected with the rectangular horn radiation cavity through the coupling gap; the waveguide matching section is connected with the lower end of the rectangular horn radiation cavity to realize the transition from a rectangular port to a square port, and simultaneously, the impedance matching performance of the dual-polarized horn is improved; the dual-polarization common port of the orthogonal mode coupler is connected with the square port of the waveguide matching section and used for realizing polarization separation; the two rectangular waveguide coaxial conversion joints are respectively connected with two independent polarization ports on the side wall and the bottom end of the orthogonal mode coupler.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a novel dual-polarized horn antenna.
Background
In radar SAR imaging, with increasing demand, dual-polarization and multi-polarization modes of operation are receiving increasing attention as one of the ways to improve imaging performance. In order to ensure that the SAR system can implement dual-polarization and multi-polarization working modes, it is necessary that the transmitting or receiving module antenna has dual-polarization characteristics, and the dual-polarization performance is generally required to be consistent, and in order to ensure that the dual-polarization performance of the conventional horn antenna is consistent, the dual-polarization is generally implemented by using a conical/square horn antenna in cooperation with an orthogonal mode coupler or two rectangular horn antennas are respectively implemented to ensure the consistency of the performance. However, as the integration degree of the existing system is higher and higher, the available space is smaller and smaller, and the way of implementing dual polarization by using two horn antennas is more and more limited. In addition, the conical and square horn antennas are restricted by the outlines in the array design, and the design margin is limited; meanwhile, when the conical horn is used as a feed source to irradiate a reflecting surface, the low-aperture efficiency and the fixed beam form of the conical horn are difficult to meet the requirements of more and more application scenes.
In order to meet the requirements of harsh application environments and high performance index requirements, the dual-polarized horn antenna is often required to have the dual-polarized characteristics of high power resistance, high efficiency and consistency and flexible two orthogonal tangent plane wave beam design in the aspect of electrical performance; in the aspect of physical size, the dual-polarized horn antenna has the characteristics of small size, convenient array design and the like, and the existing dual-polarized horn antenna cannot completely meet the application requirements due to the implementation principle.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the defects of the prior art are overcome, and a novel dual-polarized horn antenna is provided, wherein the horn antenna is realized by increasing a coupling gap on the narrow side wall of the traditional rectangular horn antenna, connecting a set of symmetrical coupling radiation cavities through the coupling gap, and matching a waveguide matching section, an orthomode coupler and a rectangular waveguide coaxial conversion joint at the input end of a rectangular horn. The design can obviously improve the phenomenon that the wave beams corresponding to the two orthogonal sections of the two orthogonal polarizations inherent in the rectangular horn are not equalized, thereby ensuring the consistency of the directional diagrams corresponding to the two orthogonal sections of the two orthogonal polarizations of the rectangular horn antenna, and the novel dual-polarized horn has wide application value in systems such as a multi-polarization imaging SAR and the like.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a novel dual-polarized horn antenna comprises a rectangular horn radiation cavity, a coupling radiation cavity, a waveguide matching section, an orthogonal mode coupler and a rectangular waveguide coaxial conversion joint; the group of symmetrical coupling radiation cavities are connected with the rectangular horn radiation cavity; the waveguide matching section is connected with the input end of the rectangular horn radiation cavity to realize the transition from the rectangular port to the square port, and simultaneously, the impedance mismatch characteristic of the dual-polarized rectangular horn radiation cavity caused by the introduction of the coupling radiation cavity is improved; the dual-polarized common port of the orthogonal mode coupler is connected with the square port at the lower end of the waveguide matching section and is used for realizing the separation of two orthogonal polarizations; the two rectangular waveguide coaxial conversion joints are respectively connected with two independent polarization ports on the side wall and the bottom end of the orthogonal mode coupler, so that the feed connection is conveniently realized.
The coupling gaps are symmetrically distributed on the narrow side wall of the rectangular horn radiation cavity; and the group of symmetrical coupling radiation cavities are connected with the rectangular horn radiation cavity through the coupling gap.
The sizes of the wide side and the narrow side of the rectangular horn radiation cavity are designed according to the taper level requirements of an E surface directional diagram and an H surface directional diagram of the rectangular horn polarized along the narrow side direction.
The dimension of the rectangular horn radiation cavity in the direction of the narrow side is not lower than 1/2 wavelengths.
The coupling gap is rectangular, and the long side of the coupling gap is parallel to the narrow side of the rectangular horn radiation cavity; the distance between the coupling gap and the radiation opening surface of the rectangular horn radiation cavity is adjusted according to the requirement of two orthogonal tangent plane wave beam tapering levels along the wide-side polarization direction.
The distance between the coupling gap and the radiation opening surface of the rectangular horn radiation cavity is between 1/25 and 1/10 wavelengths.
The coupling radiation cavities are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the narrow side of the rectangular horn radiation cavity and are connected with the rectangular horn radiation cavity through coupling gaps.
The mouth face of the coupling radiation cavity is rectangular, and the depth of the radiation cavity is between 1/3-1/2 wavelengths.
A rectangular input port at the lower end of the rectangular horn radiation cavity is connected to the waveguide matching section; the waveguide matching section is in a multistage step type, and two ports are respectively rectangular and square.
The rectangular waveguide coaxial conversion joint is designed by adopting a TNC joint, and the orthogonal mode coupler adopts a T-shaped section coupling groove type.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention realizes the equalization of corresponding beams of two orthogonal polarized two orthogonal tangent planes by adding the coupling radiation cavity at the narrow side of the rectangular caliber loudspeaker, and has the advantages of ingenious design and easy processing. A novel design approach is provided for the dual-polarized horn antenna for dual-polarized tangent plane beam equalization. In addition, the dual-polarized horn antenna can adjust the taper of the tangent plane wave beams polarized along the broadside direction according to the actual application requirement, and the adjusting range is large. For certain antenna systems with different requirements on the dual-polarization performance of the antenna, the dual-polarization horn antenna can also meet the requirements.
(2) The invention realizes the equalization of the beams corresponding to the two orthogonal sections in two orthogonal polarizations by using the horn with the rectangular outer contour, and for any polarization, the beam tapering design of the two orthogonal sections is free and is not restricted by each other, thereby being obviously different from the traditional conical horn and other realization approaches, having larger design freedom and aperture efficiency in the design and having important application prospect in compact dual-polarized horn antennas, dual-polarized antenna arrays and feed systems.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the external structure of the dual-polarized horn of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a dual polarized horn of the present invention;
FIG. 3(a) is a schematic diagram of the horizontal polarization working principle of the dual-polarized rectangular horn of the present invention;
fig. 3(b) is a schematic view of the vertical polarization working principle of the dual-polarized rectangular horn of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a novel dual-polarized horn antenna which comprises a rectangular horn radiation cavity, a coupling gap, a coupling radiation cavity, a waveguide matching section, an orthogonal mode coupler and a rectangular waveguide coaxial conversion joint, and is shown in figure 1. The rectangular horn radiation cavity is used as a main radiator of the horn antenna, and the sizes of the wide side and the narrow side of the rectangular horn radiation cavity can be preliminarily determined according to the tapering requirements of two orthogonal tangent plane directional diagrams polarized along the narrow side direction. In order to adjust the taper of the section pattern polarized along the wide side direction, slits are formed on the narrow sides of the two sides of the rectangular horn radiation cavity, and the rectangular horn radiation cavity is connected with the added coupling radiation cavity through the coupling slits. The purpose of adjusting the taper of the wave beam polarized along the wide side direction of the rectangular horn is realized by adjusting the position of the coupling slot on the narrow side wall and the cavity depth of the coupling radiation cavity, so that the equalization of the corresponding wave beams of two orthogonal polarized orthogonal tangent planes is realized.
When a coupling gap and a coupling radiation cavity are introduced into the narrow side of the rectangular horn radiation cavity, in order to ensure impedance matching of polarization along the direction of the wide side of the rectangular horn radiation cavity, a waveguide matching section is connected to the input end of the rectangular horn radiation cavity, as shown in fig. 2. The waveguide matching section adopts a step waveguide form, improves the impedance matching of the rectangular horn radiation cavity polarized along the width direction, and simultaneously realizes the transition from the rectangular input port to the square input port of the rectangular horn radiation cavity.
The input end of the waveguide matching section is a square port, so that the waveguide matching section is conveniently connected with a dual-polarized public port of the orthogonal mode coupler in a matching mode. The orthogonal mode coupler adopts a T-shaped section coupling slot type, as shown in figure 2, and a side wall port and a bottom end port of the orthogonal mode coupler respectively realize polarization input or output along a narrow side direction and a wide side direction. Finally, in order to facilitate feed connection and implementation, rectangular waveguide coaxial conversion joints are added to two single-polarization input/output ports of the orthogonal mode coupler, and a coaxial interface adopts a TNC form so as to meet certain power requirements.
The operation principle of the dual polarized horn of the present invention is briefly described with reference to fig. 3. When the horn works in horizontal polarization, the polarized wave can be propagated in the symmetrical coupling radiation cavity, at this time, the coupling radiation cavity and the rectangular horn radiation cavity act together, and the equivalent caliber of the horn mouth surface along the broadside direction is shown in fig. 3 (a). When the horn works in vertical polarization, a group of symmetrical coupling radiation cavities on the narrow side is in a cut-off state, the polarized wave cannot be transmitted, the distribution of the mouth surface electric field of the rectangular horn radiation cavity along the length and width directions is approximate to cosine distribution, and the equivalent caliber along the width direction under the polarization is shown in fig. 3 (b). At the moment, the equivalent caliber in the broadside direction under two polarizations can be equal by properly adjusting and optimizing the height of the coupling gap, the distance from the coupling gap to the short-circuit reflection point and the width of the coupling gap, so that the wave beam equalization of the corresponding tangent planes under the two polarizations is realized.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows the novel dual-polarized horn antenna of the invention. The dual-polarized horn antenna comprises a rectangular horn radiation cavity 1, a coupling gap 2, a coupling radiation cavity 3, a waveguide matching section 4, an orthogonal mode coupler 5 and a waveguide coaxial conversion joint 6.
The rectangular horn radiation cavity 1 is made of aluminum alloy materials and is made of aluminum materials, the outer envelope of the rectangular horn radiation cavity 1 is cuboid, and as shown in figure 1, on one hand, in order to ensure that two orthogonal polarized waves of a certain frequency along the wide side and the narrow side of the rectangular horn are not cut off, the length of the narrow side of the rectangular horn radiation cavity 1 is larger than half wavelength; on the other hand, the length of the wide side can be preliminarily determined according to the taper level of the tangential directional pattern polarized in the direction of the narrow side. A group of symmetrical coupling gaps 2 are formed in narrow side walls on two sides of the rectangular horn radiation cavity 1, and a group of symmetrical coupling radiation cavities 3 are connected with the rectangular horn radiation cavity 1 through the coupling gaps 2. The cross section of the coupling gap 2 is rectangular, the dimension of the wide side of the coupling gap is consistent with that of the narrow side of the rectangular horn, the dimension of the narrow side of the coupling gap is about 1/20 wavelengths, and the dimension of the coupling gap 2 from the opening face of the radiation cavity of the horn is about 1/20 wavelengths.
A group of symmetrical coupling radiation cavities 3 are connected with the rectangular horn radiation 1 cavity through the coupling gap 2. The cross section of the coupling radiation cavity 3 is rectangular, the dimension of the wide side of the coupling radiation cavity is consistent with that of the narrow side of the rectangular horn, the dimension of the narrow side of the coupling radiation cavity is 1/10 wavelengths, and the depth of the coupling radiation cavity 3 is about 1/3 wavelengths. The mouth surface of the coupling radiation cavity 3 is parallel to the mouth surface of the rectangular horn radiation cavity 1. The whole rectangular horn radiation cavity 1 and the coupling radiation cavity 3 are formed in an integrated processing mode.
The input end of the rectangular horn radiation cavity 1 is connected with the waveguide matching section 4, and the waveguide matching section 4 is in a multistage step type. The functions of the utility model are as follows: on one hand, the phenomenon of impedance mismatch of polarized wave transmission along the broadside direction caused by loading the coupling radiation cavity 3 in the rectangular horn radiation cavity 1 is obviously improved; on the other hand, the transition from the rectangular port at the input end of the rectangular horn radiation cavity 1 to the dual-polarized common port in the direction of the orthogonal mode coupler 5 is completed.
The orthogonal mode coupler 5 adopts a general T-shaped section coupling groove type, the dual-polarized public port is square, and the port of the side wall and the port of the bottom are rectangular. The rectangular waveguide coaxial conversion joint 6 adopts a TNC joint, 50-ohm impedance matching is realized, and meanwhile, the loudspeaker can conveniently work in a high-power state.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and general changes and substitutions by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known in the art.
Claims (6)
1. A novel dual-polarized horn antenna is characterized in that: the device comprises a rectangular horn radiation cavity (1), a coupling radiation cavity (3), a waveguide matching section (4), an orthogonal mode coupler (5) and a rectangular waveguide coaxial conversion joint (6); a group of symmetrical coupling radiation cavities (3) are connected with the rectangular horn radiation cavity (1); the waveguide matching section (4) is connected with the input end of the rectangular horn radiation cavity (1) to realize the transition from a rectangular port to a square port, and simultaneously, the impedance mismatch characteristic of the dual-polarized rectangular horn radiation cavity (1) caused by the introduction of the coupling radiation cavity (3) is improved; a dual-polarized common port of the orthogonal mode coupler (5) is connected with a square port at the lower end of the waveguide matching section (4) and is used for realizing two orthogonal polarizations; the two rectangular waveguide coaxial conversion joints (6) are respectively connected with two independent polarization ports on the side wall and the bottom end of the orthogonal mode coupler (5), so that the feed connection is conveniently realized;
the coupling gaps (2) are symmetrically distributed on the narrow side wall of the rectangular horn radiation cavity (1); a group of symmetrical coupling radiation cavities (3) are connected with the rectangular horn radiation cavity (1) through a coupling gap (2);
the coupling gap (2) is rectangular, and the long side of the coupling gap (2) is parallel to the narrow side of the rectangular horn radiation cavity (1); the distance between the coupling gap (2) and the radiation opening surface of the rectangular horn radiation cavity (1) is adjusted according to the requirement of two orthogonal tangent plane wave beam tapering levels along the wide-edge polarization direction;
the coupling radiation cavities (3) are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the narrow side of the rectangular horn radiation cavity (1) and are connected with the rectangular horn radiation cavity (1) through coupling gaps (2);
a rectangular input port at the lower end of the rectangular horn radiation cavity (1) is connected to the waveguide matching section (4); the waveguide matching section (4) is in a multistage step type, and two ports are respectively rectangular and square.
2. A novel dual polarized feedhorn according to claim 1, wherein: the sizes of the wide side and the narrow side of the rectangular horn radiation cavity (1) are designed according to the taper level requirements of E-plane and H-plane directional diagrams polarized along the narrow side direction of the rectangular horn.
3. A novel dual polarized feedhorn according to claim 2, wherein: the dimension of the rectangular horn radiation cavity (1) in the direction of the narrow side is not lower than 1/2 wavelengths.
4. A novel dual polarized feedhorn according to claim 3, wherein: the distance between the coupling gap (2) and the radiation opening surface of the rectangular horn radiation cavity (1) is 1/25-1/10 wavelengths.
5. A novel dual polarized feedhorn according to claim 1, wherein: the mouth face of the coupling radiation cavity (3) is rectangular, and the depth of the radiation cavity is 1/3-1/2 wavelengths.
6. A novel dual polarized feedhorn according to claim 1, wherein: the rectangular waveguide coaxial conversion joint (6) is designed by adopting a TNC joint, and the orthogonal mode coupler (5) adopts a T-shaped section coupling groove type.
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| CN201810965203.2A CN109149116B (en) | 2018-08-23 | 2018-08-23 | Novel dual-polarized horn antenna |
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| CN201810965203.2A CN109149116B (en) | 2018-08-23 | 2018-08-23 | Novel dual-polarized horn antenna |
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| CN109149116B true CN109149116B (en) | 2020-06-09 |
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| CN110085980B (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2020-09-29 | 电子科技大学 | Low-profile broadband feed antenna for feed-forward monopulse reflector antenna |
| CN113126173B (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2022-06-03 | 清华大学 | Passive security inspection equipment and receiving antenna unit thereof |
| CN112615162B (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-10-22 | 西安电子科技大学 | Common-caliber three-frequency multi-mode horn antenna |
| CN112864598B (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2022-04-01 | 北京邮电大学 | Circularly polarized antenna suitable for millimeter wave communication and communication equipment |
| CN114336064A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-04-12 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十九研究所 | Horn antenna |
| CN117712715B (en) * | 2024-02-04 | 2024-04-26 | 南京纳特通信电子有限公司 | Broadband dual-polarized antenna array applied to K-band field intensity generation system |
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