CN112615162B - Common-caliber three-frequency multi-mode horn antenna - Google Patents

Common-caliber three-frequency multi-mode horn antenna Download PDF

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CN112615162B
CN112615162B CN202011469602.3A CN202011469602A CN112615162B CN 112615162 B CN112615162 B CN 112615162B CN 202011469602 A CN202011469602 A CN 202011469602A CN 112615162 B CN112615162 B CN 112615162B
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CN112615162A (en
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傅光
俞海丰
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Xidian University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
    • H01Q13/0208—Corrugated horns
    • H01Q13/0216—Dual-depth corrugated horns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
    • H01Q13/025—Multimode horn antennas; Horns using higher mode of propagation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands

Abstract

The invention relates to a common-caliber three-frequency multi-mode horn antenna, belonging to the field of electronic science and technical discipline. The optical wall type electromagnetic wave power generation device is composed of an OMT, a ripple excitation section, an optical wall horn section and an L-band feed section. The orthogonal mode coupler is positioned at the lowest end of the antenna; the ripple excitation section is positioned above the OMT, the input end of the ripple excitation section is connected with the output end of the OMT, and the output port of the ripple excitation section is connected with the input end of the optical wall horn section; the light wall horn section is positioned above the ripple excitation section; the L-band feed section is connected with the side wall of the optical wall horn section through a coupling port; the invention adopts an orthogonal mode coupler to realize S-band feed and C-band feed, wherein the C-band feed is realized through a through port, the S-band feed is realized through a coupling port on the side wall, and the polarization of the two ports is orthogonal. The high-order mode of the S/C wave band is excited through the double-groove deep partial ripple excitation section, and the optical wall horn section is connected to form the multimode horn, so that the polarization isolation degree of the S/C wave band and the directional diagram wave beam equalization are improved, the in-band gain fluctuation is reduced, and the performance is superior to that of the optical arm horn antenna.

Description

Common-caliber three-frequency multi-mode horn antenna
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electronic science and technical subjects, and particularly relates to a common-caliber three-frequency multi-mode horn antenna and a wireless communication system thereof. And multi-channel high-polarization isolation communication can be realized simultaneously, and the interference between communication systems is reduced. The method can be applied to a multiband high-polarization isolation wireless communication system, such as a satellite communication system.
Background
With the development of electronic technology, the requirement for space utilization of electronic components and their accessories is higher and higher. The capacity of a channel can be effectively increased by realizing multiple polarizations or multiple frequency bands through a single antenna, and the occupied space of a system is reduced. At present, the multi-frequency mode of the horn antenna generally comprises a nested mode and a common interface mode. Nested general high-frequency band signals are transmitted by internal circular waveguides, low-frequency band signals are transmitted between internal and external conductors, conversion from a coaxial mode to a waveguide mode needs to be carried out, the structure is relatively complex, and the polarization isolation degree of each frequency band is difficult to guarantee. The common-caliber type structure is simple, and different frequency bands share one mouth surface, so that the directional diagram is convenient to control.
When the polarization of the receiving antenna of the satellite is consistent with the polarization of the satellite signal, the two are called polarization matching, and the received signal is strongest. Mismatch of polarization can result in signal loss and weakening of the received signal. Generally, polarization mismatch of satellite communication can cause leakage of transmission signals in the horizontal and vertical polarization directions to interfere with each other, and even signals cannot be received, so that the maintenance of high polarization isolation is very important for satellite communication.
At present, a corrugated horn form is generally adopted for realizing higher polarization isolation, but the conventional corrugated horn has more corrugations and a complex structure. If a multi-frequency design is made on this basis, the complexity of the antenna is further increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention provides a common-caliber three-frequency multimode horn antenna, aiming at the problem that a multi-band full-corrugated horn is complex in structure. The directional diagram of the antenna is optimized by adopting partial corrugated sections, the polarization isolation is improved, and meanwhile, the simplicity of the antenna structure is also ensured. In addition, multi-frequency design is carried out on the basis, double-groove depth design is carried out on the corrugated structure, three-frequency-band port positions are reasonably distributed, and L, S, C three-frequency-band common-caliber receiving and transmitting can be achieved through the antenna. The invention can greatly simplify the complexity of the antenna while meeting the high performance of the antenna.
Technical scheme
A common-caliber three-frequency multi-mode horn antenna is characterized by comprising an orthogonal mode coupler, a ripple excitation section, an optical wall horn section and an L-waveband feed section, wherein the orthogonal mode coupler is positioned at the lowest end; the ripple excitation section is positioned above the orthogonal mode coupler; the light wall horn section is positioned above the ripple excitation section; the L-band feed section L is positioned above the ripple excitation section and is connected with the side wall of the optical wall horn section through a coupling port; the corrugated exciting section is a rotator coaxial with the horn section of the optical arm and has an axial length of 1.5 lambda0C，λ0CThe wavelength is corresponding to the center frequency of the C wave band; the corrugation groove is deep
Figure BDA0002833059620000021
And
Figure BDA0002833059620000022
λ of0SIs a wavelength corresponding to the central frequency of S band and is used for exciting SAnd high-order mode of C wave band, and optimizing the width and depth of corrugated groove to make TE in waveguide11Mode and TM11Reach the optimal proportion and generate a corrugated mixed mode HE11And (5) molding.
The technical scheme of the invention is further that: the orthogonal mode coupler is in a rectangular waveguide form and comprises three ports, the through port is in a rectangular waveguide form and is a C-waveband feed port, and the through port is transited to the square waveguide through multi-stage step transformation; the coupling port is also used for improving the voltage standing wave ratio by adopting multistage steps, is an S-band feed port and is connected with the side wall of the square waveguide through a coupling hole; and the output port is connected with the input end of the ripple excitation section.
The technical scheme of the invention is further that: the output end radius R of the ripple excitation sectionOSatisfies the following conditions:
Figure BDA0002833059620000023
Figure BDA0002833059620000024
λMSis the high-end corresponding wavelength, lambda, of the S bandmLThe corresponding wavelength is the lower end of the L-band.
The technical scheme of the invention is further that: the optical arm horn section is positioned at the top end of the common-caliber three-frequency multi-mode horn antenna and is in a conical horn form; the input end of the waveguide is connected with the output end of the corrugated excitation section, so that the energy in the waveguide can be effectively radiated; the aperture of the horn section of the optical arm is determined according to the gain requirement of each wave band, the length of the optical arm affects the amplitude and the phase of each transmission mode in the horn, the radiation efficiency of different frequency bands can be adjusted by proper length, and the in-band gain fluctuation of the antenna is small.
Advantageous effects
The common-caliber three-frequency multimode horn antenna provided by the invention excites S, C waveband high-order modes by applying a double-groove-depth structural design of a partial ripple excitation section, and obtains the port surface distribution close to an HE11 mode by improving and optimizing the groove width and the groove depth through the ripple profile, thereby realizing S, C waveband wave beam equalization, the directional diagram polarization isolation degree is more than 38dB, and the in-band gain fluctuation is less than +/-0.25 dB under the conditions of small volume and simple structure. The problems of complex structure, large volume and heavy weight of the conventional full-corrugated horn antenna are solved. Meanwhile, the L-band is mainly composed of light wall radiation and is coplanar with the S, C band. In order to improve the isolation, the radius of the output end of the ripple excitation section is smaller than the cutoff radius of the main mode of the L waveband, and the interference of the L waveband on other frequency bands is inhibited. The antenna can be used for a satellite communication system, can simultaneously realize signal receiving and transmitting of the LSC three-frequency band, and can reduce the complexity of the antenna to the greatest extent.
The invention adopts an orthogonal mode coupler to realize S-band feed and C-band feed, wherein the C-band feed is realized through a through port, the S-band feed is realized through a coupling port on the side wall, and the polarization of the two ports is orthogonal. The high-order mode of the S/C wave band is excited through the double-groove-depth partial ripple excitation section, the optical wall horn section is connected to form the multimode horn, polarization isolation of the S/C wave band and directional diagram wave beam equalization are improved, in-band gain fluctuation (the bandwidth of the S wave band is 3.8%, the bandwidth of the C wave band is 4.4%) is reduced, and the performance of the multimode horn antenna is superior to that of the optical arm horn antenna. Compared with the traditional full-corrugated horn, the invention has the advantages of simple structure, light weight and easy processing.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a common-caliber triple-band multimode horn antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-an orthogonal mode coupler; 2-a ripple excitation section; 3-a smooth wall horn section; a 4-L band feed section.
Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a common-aperture triple-band multimode horn antenna ripple excitation section according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is voltage standing wave ratios of three ports of a common-caliber triple-band multimode horn antenna LSC according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 shows the transmit-receive isolation of two common-aperture triple-band multimode horn antennas, which are orthogonally disposed with a polarization of 1.2m apart according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 shows the E-plane and H-plane directional patterns of the L-band of the common-aperture triple-band multimode horn antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention: (a)1.16GHz, (b)1.26GHz, and (c)1.36 GHz.
Fig. 6 shows E-plane and H-plane directional patterns of the S-band of the common-aperture triple-band multimode horn antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention: (a)3.14GHz, (b)3.20GHz, and (c)3.26 GHz.
Fig. 7 shows E-plane and H-plane directional patterns of the C-band of the common-aperture triple-band multimode horn antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention: (a)5.28GHz, (b)5.40GHz, and (c)5.52 GHz.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the following examples and drawings:
the invention realizes the wave beam equalization and high polarization isolation of S and C wave bands by a partial ripple excitation mode, and reduces the in-band gain fluctuation. The reasonable design of the radius and the port position of the ripple excitation section gives consideration to the mutual isolation of three frequency bands, and can simultaneously transmit and receive signals of L, S, C three frequency bands. It comprises the following components: an orthogonal mode coupler (OMT)1, a ripple excitation section 2, an optical wall horn section 3 and an L-band feed section 4.
In the solution, the orthogonal mode coupler 1 takes the form of a rectangular waveguide; the antenna voltage standing-wave ratio is effectively reduced by adopting a rectangular waveguide form and transitioning to a square waveguide through multi-stage step transformation, wherein the straight-through port is a C-band feed port; the coupling port is an S-band port, and the voltage standing wave ratio is improved by adopting multi-stage step transformation. The coupling port is coupled and connected with the side wall of the square waveguide through the aperture, and the coupling hole can be equivalent to the superposition of the capacitive sensing diaphragm. The coupling hole size has a great influence on the matching of the coupling port with the square waveguide.
In the solution, the corrugated excitation section 2 is a rotator, and is coaxial with the horn section 3 of the optical arm. The inlet of the corrugated excitation section 2 is connected with the output end of the orthogonal mode coupler 1, and the outlet of the corrugated excitation section 2 is connected with the inlet of the optical wall horn section 3. The electromagnetic wave in the orthogonal mode coupler 1 enters the corrugated excitation section 2, and the transmission main mode TE10 in the square waveguide is transited to the circular waveguide main mode TE11 mode. The corrugated groove is designed with double groove depth according to S and C wave bands, the corrugated exciting section 2 is used for exciting and generating high-order mode TM11 mode of S and C wave bands, thereby obtaining mixed corrugated mode mainly comprising HE11 mode, then the corrugated mode excites main mode TE11 mode of the conical horn, high-order mode TM11 mode and TE12 mode, and the like, and the size of the corrugated exciting section 2 and the size of the horn are controlledThe mode ratio of each mode and the mode of the orofacial field can be controlled to obtain the required performance. According to theoretical derivation, the electric field expression of the HE11 mode of the ripple main mode is shown in the specification
Figure BDA0002833059620000041
Irrelevantly, namely, the aperture field is a circularly symmetric field, the center of the field is the largest, the edge is gradually reduced to zero, and according to the amplitude-phase distribution of the field, a circularly symmetric radiation directional diagram can be generated, namely, the directional diagram is equalized, the highest radiation efficiency is achieved, and the polarization isolation degree is extremely high.
In the scheme, the inlet of the light wall horn section 3 is connected with the outlet of the corrugated excitation section 2, and the maximum opening surface of the horn is designed according to the L-band gain, so that the high gain of S, C bands is realized. The antenna length needs to be compatible with the radiation performance of the S and C bands. Particularly for the C wave band, because the caliber of the antenna is larger than the electrical size of the C wave band, under the condition of a large opening angle, the high-order mode in the loudspeaker is obvious, the performance of the antenna is deteriorated, and therefore the opening angle of the antenna needs to be ensured to be smaller, and the length of the loudspeaker is longer. By adjusting the length of the loudspeaker, the amplitude and phase of each transmission mode in the loudspeaker can be changed, and the modulus value can still be adjusted. Under the appropriate length, the radiation efficiency of each frequency band can be considered, and the in-band gain fluctuation of the antenna is ensured to be small.
In the scheme, the L-band feed section 4 is positioned above the corrugated excitation section 2, is connected to the side wall of the optical wall horn section 3 through a coupling hole, and realizes the L-band feed 4 and impedance matching through the waveguide coaxial converter. The L-band is mainly the optical wall horn radiation, and the length of the coupling port from the horn mouth surface needs to be large enough. The position of the coupling port depends on the radius of the coupling port, and according to the waveguide transmission line theory, the radius value R at the coupling port needs to meet the following requirements: 0.29 lambdamL<R<0.38λML(λmL、λMLRespectively, wavelengths corresponding to the lower end of the L-band). The horn mouth surface is determined according to the antenna gain requirement, and the radius of the mouth surface is 0.67 lambda0L(typical value) (lambda)0LWavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the L-band), if the horn length is too short, the coupling port is closer to the horn mouth face, at the junction of large opening angle and short transmissionDue to the structure, the field distribution generated by the L-band coupling port is not uniform, so that the L-band feed section 4 is connected to the sidewall of the lowest end of the optical arm horn.
In the aspect of processing, because the antenna works in a field environment, in order to ensure that the electrical index is not deteriorated, the dimensional accuracy of each part is strictly ensured on the aspects of structural design and manufacturing, the accurate close fit of each part of the antenna after connection is ensured, and the contact surface is firm; on the other hand, the joints of all the parts are treated by sealing rings and sealing glue, and the sealing ring can play a good role in isolating rainwater and sand blown by the wind.
The specific processing process comprises the following steps: firstly, high-quality raw materials such as 7-series high-grade aviation aluminum materials are strictly selected, and the high-precision processing method has the advantages of good material uniformity, high surface precision, good processing performance, good material compactness, high temperature resistance and the like, and is used for high-precision processing on the basis. Firstly, reserving allowance according to a drawing, and processing a blank; secondly, heat treatment; thirdly, machining a cutter and performing numerical control programming; fourthly, finish machining of the internal structure; and fifthly, external processing and connector processing. As shown in fig. 1, the common-caliber triple-band multimode horn antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes: 1. an orthogonal mode coupler; 2. a corrugated excitation section; 3. a smooth wall horn section; 4. an L-band feed section.
The orthogonal mode coupler 1 takes the form of a rectangular waveguide comprising a through port 101, a coupled port 102 and an output port 103. The through port 101 is a C-band feed port, adopts a rectangular waveguide form, and is transited to a square wave guide port of the orthogonal mode coupler 1 through multi-stage step transformation, so that the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna is effectively reduced. The rectangular waveguide of the through port 101 is coaxially converted into an SMA-K joint by waveguide and is connected with other external equipment through a coaxial line; the coupling port 102 is an S-band port, and the voltage standing wave ratio is also improved by using multi-stage step transformation. The coupling port 102 is coupled and connected with the side wall of the square waveguide through an aperture, the rectangular waveguide of the coupling port 102 is also converted into an SMA-K joint through coaxial conversion of the waveguide, and is connected with other external equipment through a coaxial line; the output port 103 is connected to the input port of the corrugated excitation section 2. Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a ripple excitation section of a common-aperture triple-band multimode horn antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. The ripple excitation section 2 adopts a double-groove depth design to excite a high-order mode of an S, C wave band, and mode mixing is achieved so as to achieve the effects of optimizing directional diagram wave beam equalization, improving polarization isolation and the like. The S, C wave band is realized in the bandwidth of 3.8% and 4.4% respectively, and the in-band gain fluctuation is small. The output port of the ripple excitation section 2 is connected with the input port of the optical wall horn section 3, the L-band feed section 4 is connected to the rectangular waveguide through waveguide coaxial conversion by a standard N-type joint and then is connected to the side wall of the optical wall horn section 3 through a coupling hole, and therefore LSC three-band signal receiving and transmitting are achieved. The common-caliber three-frequency multi-mode horn antenna can be designed by adopting the method.
The application effect of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the simulation.
1. Emulated content
Fig. 3 to 7 show simulation calculation results of voltage standing wave ratio, transmission/reception isolation, and gain pattern of the three bands of the antenna according to the above-described embodiment by using simulation software.
2. Simulation result
Fig. 3 is a graph of vswr as a function of operating frequency simulated for an antenna of an embodiment. It can be seen that the ports show good matching characteristics and the consistency of the curves is very high. The L wave band is from 1.16GHz to 1.26GHz, the voltage standing wave ratios are all less than 1.33, and the relative bandwidth is 16%; the S wave band is from 3.14GHz to 3.26GHz, the voltage standing wave ratios are all less than 1.30, and the relative bandwidth is 3.8%; the C wave band is from 5.28GHz to 5.52GHz, the voltage standing wave ratios are all less than 1.30, and the relative bandwidth is 4.4%; the antenna of the invention meets the requirement of three frequency bands under the size.
Fig. 4 is a graph of transmit-receive isolation as a function of operating frequency for two identical embodiments with orthogonal antenna polarizations and a separation of 1.2 m. The results show that the transmitting-receiving isolation degrees of the three wave bands are all larger than 80 dB.
Fig. 5, 6, and 7 show the gain directional diagrams of the E-plane and H-plane of the three frequency points at the low end, the middle end, and the high end of the three bands respectively obtained by the antenna simulation of the embodiment, which show that the gain of the L-band of the antenna is greater than 12dBi, the gain of the S-band is greater than 18dBi, and the gain of the C-band is greater than 24dBi, thereby satisfying the gain requirement of the horn antenna. And S, C wave band wave beam equalization is better, the simulation polarization isolation degree is larger than 50dB, and the actual measurement polarization isolation degree is larger than 38 dB. And the requirement of antenna polarization isolation is met.
Table 1 shows the performance statistics in each band for the antenna of the example.
Table 1 statistical table of antenna performance of the embodiment
Figure BDA0002833059620000071
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A common-caliber three-frequency multi-mode horn antenna is characterized by comprising an orthogonal mode coupler (1), a ripple excitation section (2), an optical wall horn section (3) and an L-waveband feed section (4), wherein the orthogonal mode coupler (1) is positioned at the lowest end; the ripple excitation section (2) is positioned above the orthogonal mode coupler (1); the light wall horn section (3) is positioned above the ripple excitation section (2); the L-band feed section (4) L is positioned above the corrugated excitation section (2) and is connected with the side wall of the optical wall horn section (3) through a coupling port; the corrugated excitation section (2) is a rotator, is coaxial with the horn section (3) of the optical arm, and has an axial length of 1.5 lambda0C，λ0CThe wavelength is corresponding to the center frequency of the C wave band; the corrugation groove is deep
Figure FDA0003180989580000011
And
Figure FDA0003180989580000012
λ of0SThe wavelength corresponding to the central frequency of S wave band is used for exciting higher modes of S and C wave bands, and the width and depth of corrugated groove are optimized to make TE in waveguide11Mode and TM11Reach the optimal proportion and generate a corrugated mixed mode HE11Molding; the radius of the output end of the ripple excitation section (2) is smaller than the cutoff radius of a main mode of the L-waveband feed section (4); the orthogonal mode coupler (1) adopts rectangular waveThe direct connection port (101) is in a rectangular waveguide form, is a C-waveband feed port and is transited to a square waveguide through multi-stage step transformation; the coupling port (102) also adopts multi-stage steps to improve the voltage standing wave ratio, is an S-band feed port and is connected with the side wall of the square waveguide through a coupling hole; an output port (103) is connected with the input end of the ripple excitation section (2).
2. A common aperture triple-band multimode horn antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the output end radius R of said corrugated excitation section (2)OSatisfies the following conditions:
Figure FDA0003180989580000013
λMSis the high-end corresponding wavelength, lambda, of the S bandmLThe corresponding wavelength is the lower end of the L-band.
3. The common-caliber triple-band multimode horn antenna according to claim 1, wherein the horn section (3) of the optical arm is positioned at the top end of the common-caliber triple-band multimode horn antenna and is in the form of a conical horn; the input end of the waveguide is connected with the output end of the corrugated excitation section (2) so that the energy in the waveguide can be effectively radiated; the aperture of the optical arm horn section (3) is determined according to the gain requirement of each wave band, the length of the optical arm horn section affects the amplitude and the phase of each transmission mode in the horn, the radiation efficiency of different frequency bands can be adjusted by proper length, and the in-band gain fluctuation of the antenna is small.
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《宽角入射频率选择表面极化转换器研究》;郭英;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 (基础科学辑)》;20170315;全文 *

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