CN108011160B - A K-band Miniaturized Orthogonal Mode Converter - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of satellite communication, and discloses a K-band miniaturized orthogonal mode converter, which comprises an input interface, a first output interface and a second output interface. The input interface adopts a gradient common waveguide, and the output interface is realized by directly coupling the two sides of the common waveguide through a rectangular waveguide, which realizes the good matching of each port and the ideal separation effect of the input signal. The invention has a simple structure and is easy to produce, the standing wave ratio of the ports in the 21-24GHz frequency band is less than 1.2, and the isolation parameter of the two orthogonal ports is less than-45dB. It is different from other mode converters in that it has good mode separation and transmission performance, and its simple structure and small size are convenient for processing and engineering applications.

Description

A K-band Miniaturized Orthogonal Mode Converter

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of satellite communication, in particular to a K-band miniaturized orthogonal mode converter.

Background technique

Orthogonal mode converter, also known as dual mode converter. Orthogonal mode converters are generally used in the antenna feed network at the front end of the radio electronic equipment system to realize the independent operation of two orthogonally polarized signals, and can identify the modes of the two independent signals on the common port and convert them. It is transmitted to two independent ports respectively and realizes a single mode output of both ports. Orthogonal mode converters can match all ports, and as an important component in dual-polarized antennas, they play an important role in solving frequency reuse. In the existing orthogonal mode coupler, in order to ensure the good mode transmission performance of each output port and the simple structure of the device, the two output ports are usually two standard rectangular waveguide ports that are perpendicular to each other, and the size of the standard rectangular waveguide of the output port is adjusted by adjusting the size of the output port. To control its transmission mode, in practical engineering applications, these two mutually perpendicular output ports still need to be connected to the two parallel rectangular waveguide ports of the duplexer. The complexity of the design is increased, and too many transition waveguides and curved waveguides bring greater losses, affect system performance indicators, and are even more unfavorable for system integration. In order to design an orthogonal mode converter that meets the requirements of engineering indicators, the physical size of the device is usually larger, which is not conducive to practical application and engineering implementation. If the problems existing in this technology of OMT are solved, the application range of OMT will be wider, so as to truly realize frequency reuse and improve the utilization efficiency of channels.

To sum up, the problem in the prior art is that the two mutually perpendicular output ports of the existing orthogonal mode converter still need to be connected to the two parallel rectangular waveguide ports of the duplexer, and many transition waveguides need to be added in between. It can only be realized by bending waveguides, which greatly increases the complexity of the design; too many transition waveguides bring greater losses, affect the system performance indicators, and are even more unfavorable for system integration.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a K-band miniaturized orthogonal mode converter and a radio electronic device.

The present invention is realized in this way, a K-band miniaturized quadrature mode converter, wherein the K-band miniaturized quadrature mode converter is provided with:

Input interface using gradient common waveguide;

The two output interfaces of the rectangular waveguide on the side of the common waveguide are coupled.

Further, the input interface is a φ4.5mm non-standard circular waveguide.

Further, the first and second output ports are both 10.67mm×4.32mm non-standard rectangular waveguides, and strict electrical symmetry suppresses the transmission of higher-order modes in the two output ports.

Further, the input interface is a circular waveguide, and a rectangular cut is performed on the opposite side of the branch of the waveguide wall. Different cutting depths form a graded common waveguide, which ensures good matching and return loss characteristics of the input end.

Further, the output interface directly couples the rectangular waveguide on the common waveguide wall, and couples the rectangular waveguide in the middle of the common waveguide, which greatly simplifies the OMT structure and makes the OMT convenient for design and engineering applications.

Further, several rectangular waveguides of different sizes are transitioned to the first output interface, ensuring a good matching effect of the output ports to output the horizontally polarized signal; the rectangular waveguide is coupled at the bottom of the common waveguide, and the direction is opposite to the direction of the branch of the first output port; Several different sizes transition to the second output interface, outputting vertically polarized signals.

Further, a coupling groove is included at the coupling between the common waveguide and the side rectangular waveguide, which ensures good matching and return loss characteristics of the output port.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a radio electronic device using the K-band miniaturized orthogonal mode converter.

The input interface of the present invention inputs a group of orthogonal polarized signals, which are propagated by the circular common waveguide, and the field distribution in the circular common waveguide can be expressed as:

H _z =AsinφJ ₁ (k _c ρ)e ^-jβz

E _z = 0

The side branch waveguide in the middle of the circular common waveguide is designed by the size of the coupling position, so that the horizontally polarized wave enters the branch waveguide and propagates, and is reflected multiple times through several rectangular waveguides, and finally the horizontally polarized wave is output at the port; After the polarized wave propagates to the bottom of the circular waveguide, it changes its propagation direction, and is transmitted from the opposite direction to the first output port. It also passes through multiple reflections of several rectangular waveguides, and finally outputs a vertically polarized wave at the port. The output ports are all connected with rectangular waveguides of different sizes to output polarized signals, which can ensure that the two output ports of the quadrature mode converter have a good matching effect.

In the present invention, coupling grooves are designed at the branch waveguides coupled by the common waveguide, which makes up for the function of the impedance converter that is omitted in the design of the orthogonal mode converter in order to simplify the structure and reduce the size. The coupling grooves are mainly used for impedance conversion to realize Ideal return loss characteristics for each port.

The invention realizes the good return loss characteristics of each output port; adopts the coupling groove design for impedance transformation, so that each port has an ideal matching effect; through the completely electrically symmetrical design of the two output ports, the high order is suppressed. mode transmission; and for a single circular waveguide orthogonal mode converter, an orthogonal output rectangular waveguide port is designed to achieve a good polarization separation effect of the signal; the two branch ports designed are directly coupled through the side of the common waveguide. The method is realized, the structure of the orthogonal mode converter is simplified, the size is reduced, and the mode separation transmission performance of the converter is better.

Compared with the working characteristics of other OMTs, most of the existing OMTs contain a large number of transition waveguides to meet the output characteristics and matching effects of each port, while the OMT described in this paper only contains two or three transition waveguides, which also realizes the output port. The good matching effect simplifies the device structure; on the connecting parts, most of the existing OMTs design special impedance converters to realize the characteristics of the output ports. The general structure is relatively complex, which is not conducive to actual processing. The coupling groove realizes the function of the impedance converter, which makes the OMT structure simple and easy to process; because the general OMT structure is relatively complex, the physical size is generally not particularly small, and the application range is limited. The OMT described in this paper has a small size, Easy to process and easy for engineering applications. To sum up, the outstanding advantages of the OMT described in this paper are its simple structure and small size, and also achieves good transmission reflection isolation characteristics, which is convenient for processing and application.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a K-band miniaturized orthogonal mode converter provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a K-band miniaturized orthogonal mode converter provided in an embodiment of the present invention when viewed from the bottom;

FIG. 3 is a simulation result diagram of parameters of the K-band miniaturized orthogonal-mode converter S (1:1, 1:1) provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a K-band miniaturized orthogonal-mode converter S(1:2,1:2) parameter simulation result diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a K-band miniaturized orthogonal-mode converter S(2:1, 2:1) parameter simulation result diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a simulation result diagram of parameters of the K-band miniaturized orthogonal-mode converter S (3:1, 3:1) provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a simulation result diagram of parameters of the K-band miniaturized orthogonal-mode converter S (1:2, 2:1) provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a simulation result diagram of parameters of the K-band miniaturized orthogonal-mode converter S (1:1, 3:1) provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a simulation result diagram of parameters of the K-band miniaturized orthogonal-mode converter S (1:1, 1:2) provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a simulation result diagram of parameters of the K-band miniaturized orthogonal-mode converter S (2:1, 3:1) provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

In the figure: 1. Input interface; 2. First output interface; 3. Second output interface; 4. Coupling groove.

Detailed ways

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

Orthogonal mode converters can match all ports, and as an important component in dual-polarized antennas, they play an important role in solving frequency reuse.

The application principle of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the K-band miniaturized quadrature-mode converter provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes: an input interface 1 , a first output interface 2 , and a second output interface 3 .

The input interface 1 adopts a graded common waveguide, and the output interface is realized by a rectangular waveguide on the coupling side of the common waveguide. The waveguide and the coupling slot ensure better performance of the entire orthogonal mode coupler.

The application principle of the present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a miniaturized quadrature mode converter operating in the K-band according to an embodiment of the present invention. The quadrature mode converter includes: an input interface 1 , a first output interface 2 and a second output interface 3 .

The input interface 1 is realized by a circular waveguide, and a rectangular cut is made on the opposite side of the branch of the waveguide wall. The cutting depth is different to form a gradient common waveguide, which is connected to the output ends on both sides and inputs the signal in the working frequency band.

The branches of the first output interface 2 and the second output interface 3 are both realized by directly coupling rectangular waveguides on the common waveguide wall, wherein the first output interface 3 branches are coupled at the middle section of the circular common waveguide, and through several rectangular waveguides of different sizes Transition to the first output port 2, and output a horizontally polarized signal; the second output port 3 is branched and coupled to the bottom of the circular common waveguide, coupled at the diameter of the common waveguide, and the direction is opposite to the direction of the first output port 2 branch, Similarly, it transitions to the second output interface 3 through several different sizes, and finally outputs a vertically polarized signal; the sides of the rectangular waveguide branched by the first output interface 2 and the second output interface 3 are located on the same plane, and the two output interfaces have the same size They are all non-standard rectangular waveguides, forming electrical symmetry characteristics and suppressing the propagation of unwanted modes.

Input port 1 is a non-standard circular waveguide input port of φ4.5mm, which is the orthogonal polarization signal input port of the orthogonal mode converter; the first output port 2 is the horizontal polarization signal output port of the orthogonal mode converter; The output interface 3 is the vertical polarization signal output port of the quadrature mode converter. The first output interface 2 and the second output interface 3 are directly coupled to both sides of the circular common waveguide, so that the orthogonal polarized signals can be output orthogonally at the waveguide position in the orthogonal mode converter, so as to realize the orthogonal mode conversion. polarization separation function.

Where the common waveguide is directly coupled with the output port, it is connected by several coupling grooves 4, which replace the impedance converter in the general orthogonal mode converter, and play the function of impedance transformation. Together with several transition rectangular waveguides, the input and output are made. The ports are well matched and have ideal return loss characteristics.

The application effect of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with simulation.

Figures 3 and 4 show the simulation results of S(1:1, 1:1) and S(1:2, 1:2) parameters in the example of the present invention, where S(1:1, 1:1 ) represents the reflection coefficient received in the vertical polarization mode, and S(1:2,1:2) represents the reflection coefficient of the input interface 1 when the horizontal polarization signal is input. As can be seen from the figure, in the frequency range of 21-24GHz, the two curves are below -22dB, which shows that the orthogonal mode converter has good return loss characteristics.

Figures 5 and 6 show the simulation result diagrams of S(2:1, 2:1) and S(3:1, 3:1) parameters in the example of the present invention, which represent the first output interface 2 and the first output interface 2 respectively. The reflection coefficient of the second output interface 3 can be seen from the figure, in the 21-24GHz frequency band, the two curves are below -22dB, which also meets the return loss index requirements of high-performance orthogonal mode converters;

Figures 7 and 8 show the simulation results of S(1:1,3:1) and S(1:2,2:1) parameters in the example of the present invention, S(1:2,2:1) Represents the reverse transmission coefficient from the first output interface 2 to the input interface 1 in the horizontal polarization mode, S(1:1,3:1) represents the reverse transmission coefficient from the second output interface 3 to the input interface 1 in the vertical polarization mode , it can be seen from the parameter curve in the figure that in the 21-24GHz frequency band, the two curves are both around -0.2dB, which shows that the orthogonal mode coupler has good insertion loss characteristics in the working frequency band.

Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 are the simulation results of the isolation characteristics of the orthogonal mode converter in the example of the present invention, S(1:1,1:2) represents the transmission power and leakage of a polarization mode in its channel The power ratio to the other channel, that is, the transmission isolation characteristics of the two modes. It can be seen from the figure that it is less than -30dB in the 21-24GHz frequency band, and S(2:1,3:1) means that The isolation of the two polarization channels is less than -45dB in the working frequency band. Generally speaking, the isolation of -30dB can basically guarantee the overall system performance.

The output interface of the invention adopts the transition of rectangular waveguides of different sizes, and a coupling slot is designed at the coupling between the common port and the branch port to perform impedance transformation, so that each port of the orthogonal mode converter has good matching degree and ideal echo loss, and realize the impedance matching of input and output; for a single circular waveguide orthogonal mode converter, a rectangular waveguide port with orthogonal output is designed to realize the polarization separation of the signal; different from the previous orthogonal mode converter with complex structure, The impedance converter of the original orthogonal mode converter is replaced by the branch waveguide directly coupled to the side of the common waveguide, which makes the device structure simpler, easy to produce and process, and makes the device small in size and wider in application range. The two output port branches are directly coupled to both sides of the circular waveguide, so that the mode separation transmission performance is better.

The output end of the invention adopts rectangular waveguides of different sizes for transition, so as to achieve good return loss characteristics of each output port; impedance transformation is carried out by adopting a coupling slot design, so that each port has an ideal matching effect; The completely electrically symmetrical design suppresses the transmission of high-order modes; and for a single circular waveguide orthogonal mode converter, a rectangular waveguide port with orthogonal output is designed to realize the polarization separation of the signal; the two branch ports are designed by The direct coupling of the side of the common waveguide simplifies the structure of the orthogonal mode converter, reduces the size, and makes the mode separation and transmission performance of the converter better.

The present invention adopts the design that the two branch interfaces are directly coupled to both sides of the common waveguide, which can simplify the model structure, reduce the model size, and can better separate two groups of signals of different polarization modes to achieve better mode separation and transmission characteristics.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within the range.

Claims (6)

1. a K-band miniaturized orthogonal mode converter, is characterized in that, described K-band miniaturized orthogonal mode converter is provided with: Input interface using gradient common waveguide; Adopt two output interfaces of the rectangular waveguide on the coupling side of the common waveguide; The output interface is directly coupled to the rectangular waveguide through the common waveguide wall; The input interface is a φ4.5mm non-standard circular waveguide; The input interface is realized by a circular waveguide, and a rectangular cut is performed on the opposite side of the waveguide wall branch, and the cutting depth is different to form a gradient common waveguide, which is connected with the output ends on both sides; the first output interface branch is coupled to the circular common waveguide. At the middle section of the waveguide, the second output interface branch is coupled to the bottom of the circular common waveguide. 2 . The K-band miniaturized orthogonal mode converter according to claim 1 , wherein the first output interface is a 10.67mm×4.32mm non-standard rectangular waveguide. 3 . 3 . The K-band miniaturized orthogonal mode converter according to claim 1 , wherein the second output interface is a 10.67mm×4.32mm non-standard rectangular waveguide. 4 . 4. The K-band miniaturized orthogonal mode converter according to claim 1, characterized in that, through several rectangular waveguides of different sizes, the transition to the first output interface is used to output a horizontally polarized signal; the direction of the branch of the second output port Opposite to the direction of the first output port branch; the common waveguide section transitions to the second output port through several different sized waveguides. 5 . The miniaturized orthogonal mode converter of K-band according to claim 4 , wherein a coupling slot is included at the coupling between the common waveguide and the side rectangular waveguide. 6 . 6. A radio electronic device using the K-band miniaturized orthogonal mode converter according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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