CN1091443C - 新的咪唑啉化合物及其制备方法和含有该化合物的药物组合物 - Google Patents

新的咪唑啉化合物及其制备方法和含有该化合物的药物组合物 Download PDF

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CN1091443C
CN1091443C CN97125774A CN97125774A CN1091443C CN 1091443 C CN1091443 C CN 1091443C CN 97125774 A CN97125774 A CN 97125774A CN 97125774 A CN97125774 A CN 97125774A CN 1091443 C CN1091443 C CN 1091443C
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M·帕雅德
S·达农
G·巴扎德-毛塞特
M·阿纳斯塔西多
D-H·蔡杰纳德
P·雷纳德
D·马尼彻茨
E·斯考伯特
M-C·雷托里
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Abstract

本发明涉及式(I)化合物及其异构体和可药用酸加成盐:其中R如说明书中的定义;本发明还涉及所述化合物用于治疗与咪唑啉受体有关的疾病。

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新的咪唑啉化合物及其制备方法和含有该化合物的药物组合物
本发明涉及新的咪唑啉化合物及其制备方法和含有该化合物的药物组合物。
从化学结构的观点来讲,文献已提供了许多咪唑啉衍生物的实例。
例如,专利JP-07010871和EP-501074要求保护的含有咪唑啉单元的化合物与本发明的化合物非常接近,所述化合物可用作环氧树脂的交联剂。
E.Uhlig等人的研究(Z.Anorg.Allg.Chem.,534,(1986),188-198)给出了可用作铜离子配位剂的咪唑啉衍生物。
当将其用于治疗时,咪唑啉衍生物也被非常广泛地公开过。
例如,专利JP-60209571给出了具有止痛性质的四氢嘧啶和咪唑啉类化合物。
再者,许多公开出版物(J.N.Sengupta等人,Naunyn-Schniedeberg’s Arch,Pharmacol.,335(4),(1987),391-396;H.Fuder等人,Pharmacol.Adrenoreceptors,(1984),335-336;R.R.Ruffolo,Eur.J.Pharmacol.,157(2-3),(1988),235-239)给出了用作肾上腺素能受体配体的咪唑啉衍生物的药理学研究。
本发明的目的是提供具有原始结构并显示出对咪唑啉受体具有很高亲和力的咪唑啉衍生物。
很显然,这些衍生物在治疗心血管疾病(如高血压)中是很重要的。因此,许多年来广泛用于治疗高血压的可乐宁已是公知的。
人们也已知道,咪唑啉受体涉及通过胰腺β细胞刺激胰岛素释放(Schutz等人,Naunyn-Schniedeberg’s Arch,Pharmacol.,(1989),340(6),712-714)。
咪唑啉受体的配位体在治疗精神病和神经病(如抑郁症、帕金森病和厌食症)方面的重要性也已被报道过(D.J.NUTT等人,Annals New York AcademyofSciences,(1995),125-139)。
除了对咪唑啉受体的亲和力之外,迄今所知的多数咪唑啉衍生物对肾上腺素能受体也具有很高的亲和力,所述肾上腺素能受体能够造成强烈心血管效应的出现。
本申请人现在发现了具有咪唑啉结构、有力的咪唑啉受体配位体且缺乏肾上腺素能受体亲和力的新的衍生物。
因此,通过其对咪唑啉受体的高亲和力的效力,本发明化合物在治疗与咪唑啉受体有关的病理学的治疗方法中发现了特别重要的用途;由于其对肾上腺素能受体的低亲和力,所述化合物没有对中枢源的副作用。所以本发明衍生物不但在治疗心血管疾病、治疗高血压上非常重要,而且在治疗糖尿病以及治疗精神病和神经病(如抑郁症、帕金森病和厌食症)方面也非常重要,这是在现有技术中对于咪唑啉是没有的先例。
更具体地,本发明涉及式(I)化合物、其异构体及可药用酸加成盐:
Figure C9712577400071
其中R代表:●式(α)的苯基:其中R1代表:·(C1-C6)烷基,此时,R2以及R3和R5代表氢原子,此时的R4代表卤原子,或R2以及R4和R5代表氢原子,此时的R3代表除氯之外的卤原子,或R2代表氰基,R3、R4和R5各自代表氢原子,·或卤原子,此时,R3也代表与R1不同的卤原子,及R2、R4和R5各自代表氢原子,R3以及R2和R5代表氢原子,R4代表(C1-C6)烷基,·或氢原子,此时,R2、R3和R4同时代表氢原子,R5代表苯基,或R2和R3同时代表相互不同的卤原子,R4和R5各自代表氢原子,或R2代表卤原子或(C2-C6)烷基或(C1-C6)烷基羰基,R3、R4和R5各自代表氢原子,或R2以及R4和R5代表氢原子,此时R3为选自乙基、正丙基、正丁基、三氟甲基、(C1-C6)烷硫基、三氟甲氧基、苯基、苯氧基、(C1-C6)酰基氨基、氨基磺酰基、氮原子上由一个或两个(C1-C6)烷基取代的氨基磺酰基,或R2代表硝基,R3代表羟基,R4代表卤原子以及R5代表氢原子,或R3和R5各自代表氢原子,R2和R4各自代表卤原子且不能同时代表氯;●或式(β)的萘基:
Figure C9712577400081
其中R6代表卤原子、(C1-C6)烷基或甲氧基;●或选自:吲哚-5-基
Figure C9712577400082
1-苯基-1-环己基甲基,环庚基,4-(苯并噻唑-2-基)苄基,和基团
应当理解,所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C2-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷硫基是指直链基团和支链基团。
在能够与本发明化合物形成加成盐的可药用酸中,可例举的实例包括盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、马来酸、甲酸、草酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、樟脑酸和柠檬酸。
本发明中使用的符合“Δ2”是指咪唑啉环中双键的位置。
在通式(I)化合物中存在的卤素为选自溴、氯、氟和碘、当并不局限于上述实例。
优选地,本发明涉及下列式(αI/a)至式(αI/f)的化合物:
Figure C9712577400091
其中R1代表直链或支链(C1-C6)烷基;
Figure C9712577400092
其中R1代表卤原子或直链或支链(C1-C6)烷基,R3代表与R1不同的卤原子;
Figure C9712577400093
其中R1代表卤原子,R4代表直链或支链(C1-C6)烷基;
Figure C9712577400094
其中R2和R3各自代表相互不同的卤原子;其中R3代表选自乙基、正丙基、正丁基、三氟甲基、(C1-C6)烷硫基、三氟甲氧基、苯基、苯氧基、(C1-C6)酰基氨基、氨基磺酰基、氮原子上由一个或两个直链或支链(C1-C6)烷基取代的氨基磺酰基;其中R2代表卤原子或直链或支链(C2-C6)烷基或直链或支链(C1-C6)烷基羰基。
更特别地,本发明涉及R为选自下列基团的式(I)化合物:
Figure C9712577400101
其中R6代表卤原子、直链或支链(C1-C6)烷基,或甲氧基,如R代表2-甲氧基-1-萘基、5-吲哚基、环庚基。
本发明还涉及制备式(I)化合物的方法,该方法包括:在催化剂量五硫化磷存在下,将式(II)的腈:
                   R-C≡N    (II)
其中R如上文定义,与乙二胺缩合,如果需要的话,可将所得的粗产物
-根据选自下列的一种或多种方法纯化:结晶、硅胶色谱纯化、萃取、过滤经过活性炭或树脂处理;
-如果适当的话,根据常规的分离方法,将以纯产物形式或以混合物形式存在的产物分离成可能的异构体;
-和/或通过酸形成酸加成盐。
用于分离式(I)化合物的方法中的原材料可通过市购或对于本领域技术人员来说是易得的。
对临床医师和医生来说,式(I)化合物具有很重要的药理学性质。
本发明化合物及含有该化合物的药物组合物已被证明是有力的I1和/或I2咪唑啉受体的配位体。
咪唑啉受体也涉及贫血(特别是镰状细胞性贫血)和癌性增生。
再者,正如已经述及的,本发明化合物的药理学研究表明除了其很高的咪唑啉受体亲和力之外完全没有毒性。
这就使得本发明化合物及含有该化合物的药物组合物可用于治疗与中枢神经系统有关的疾病(特别是抑郁症、帕金森病、厌食症),心血管疾病(特别是高血压),以及治疗糖尿病、肥胖症、贫血(特别是镰状细胞性贫血)和癌症。
本发明的主题也述及含有与一种或多种可药用赋形剂相结合的式(I)产物的药物组合物,或者如果适当的话,述及含有与一种或多种可药用赋形剂相结合的一种式(I)产物的可药用酸加成盐。
在本发明的药物组合物中,特别应当提及适用于经口、非肠道、鼻、皮、直肠、舌、眼和呼吸道给药的药物组合物,尤其是普通或糖衣片剂、舌下片剂、药囊、药包、明胶胶囊、舌下制剂、锭剂、栓剂、膏剂、油膏、皮肤胶剂、口服或注射安瓿  和气溶胶。
用药剂量可根据患者的性别、年龄和体重,给药路线、治疗适应症的性质或可能相关的治疗方法而改变,可在每24小时以1次或2次给药0.1mg至100mg之间变化,更特别地,在1mg至10mg之间,如1至2mg。
下列实施例将进一步说明本发明,无论如何不是用来限制本发明的。
实施例1至30一般步骤:
在搅拌条件下,回流加热含25ml乙二胺、0.01mol至0.02mol腈和催化剂量(大约0.5g)五硫化磷的混合物4至8小时。在腈消失后薄层色谱纯化。将冷却的混合物注入50ml冷水中,用50ml二氯甲烷萃取整个混合物两次。蒸发有机馏分后由环己烷结晶残留物。
通过利用适当的腈并进行在一般步骤中描述的步骤,可制得下列实施例中的化合物:实施例1:2-(4-联苯基)-Δ2-咪唑啉
产率:91%
熔点:200℃实施例2:2-(4-三氟甲氧基苯基)-Δ2-咪唑啉
产率:77%
熔点:150℃实施例3:2-(5-吲哚基)-Δ2-咪唑啉
产率:60%
熔点:181℃实施例4:2-(1-环己基-1-苯基甲基)-Δ2-咪唑啉
产率:41%
熔点:178℃实施例5:2-[4-(苯并噻唑-2-基)苄基]-Δ2-咪唑啉
产率:52%
熔点:157℃实施例6:2-(6-甲氧基-2-萘基)-Δ2-咪唑啉
产率:61%
熔点:155℃实施例7:2-环庚基-Δ2-咪唑啉
产率:77%
熔点:255℃实施例8:2-(4-乙基苯基)-Δ2-咪唑啉
产率:98%
熔点:135℃实施例9:1-甲基-4,5-双(Δ2-咪唑啉-2-基)咪唑
产率:84%
熔点:162℃实施例10:2-(4-正丙基苯基)-Δ2-咪唑啉
产率:70%
熔点:126℃实施例11:2-(4-正丁基苯基)-Δ2-咪唑啉
产率:61%
熔点:98℃实施例12:2-(3-氰基-2-甲基苯基)-Δ2-咪唑啉
产率:78%
熔点:144℃实施例13:2-(4-苯氧基苯基)-Δ2-咪唑啉
产率:56%
熔点:129℃实施例14:2-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-Δ2-咪唑啉
产率:41%
熔点:109℃实施例15:2-(2-氯-4-氟苯基)-Δ2-咪唑啉
产率:40%
1H NMRδ(ppm):2.97和3.16(2m,4H,2CH2);4.93(s,1H,NH);6.46(dd,1H,J=2.37和8.71Hz,H5);6.59(d,1H,J=2.37Hz,H3);7.35(d,1H,J=8.71Hz,H6)。实施例16:2-(2-氟-5-甲基苯基)-Δ2-咪唑啉
产率:40%
熔点:85℃实施例17:2-(4-乙硫基苯基)-Δ2-咪唑啉实施例18:2-(4-甲硫基苯基)-Δ2-咪唑啉
产率:72%
熔点:158℃实施例19:2-(2-甲氧基-1-萘基)-Δ2-咪唑啉
产率:70%
熔点:157℃实施例20:2-(4-三氟甲基苯基)-Δ2-咪唑啉
产率:81%
熔点:180℃实施例21:2-(3-乙基苯基)-Δ2-咪唑啉实施例22:2-(2-苯基苯基)-Δ2-咪唑啉实施例23:2-(5-氟-2-甲基苯基)-Δ2-咪唑啉实施例24:2-(4-羟基-5-碘-3-硝基苯基)-Δ2-咪唑啉实施例25:2-(4-氨基磺酰基苯基)-Δ2-咪唑啉实施例26:2-(4-乙酰氨基苯基)-Δ2-咪唑啉实施例27:2-(4-甲基-1-萘基)-Δ2-咪唑啉实施例28:2-(4-氟-1-萘基)-Δ2-咪唑啉实施例29:2-(4-溴-2-甲基苯基)-Δ2-咪唑啉实施例30:2-(3,5-二氟苯基)-Δ2-咪唑啉
                        药理研究实施例A:对I1和I2咪唑啉受体的结合模型目的:
通过确定本发明化合物替代特用于I1和I2咪唑啉受体的放射性配体的能力,体外测定所述化合物对I1和I2受体的结合亲和力。原始记录:
下表指明了用于标记受体的放射性配体、为确定非特异成分而选择的产物和浓度及所选择的组织。
  受体或位置   放射性配体     非特异     结构
    I1 [3H]-可乐宁+10μM降肾上腺素   10-5M冷可乐宁 牛肾上腺髓质
    I2 [3H]-咪唑克生+10μM降肾上腺素   10-5M冷咪唑克生 兔肾皮质
结果:
在我们的实验条件下,在中枢和末梢受体中得到的体外结果表明:本发明化合物具有很高的兔肾皮质I1和/或I2位置的亲和力,Ki值在几个nM至几百个nM之间变化。实施例B:对α1和α2肾上腺素能中枢受体的结合模型目的:
通过确定本发明化合物替代特用于α1和α2中枢受体的放射性配体的能力,体外测定该产物这些受体的结合亲和力。原始记录:
下表指明了用于标记受体的放射性配体、为确定非特异馏分而选择的产物和浓度及所选择的组织。
  受体或位置   放射性配体     非特异       结构
    α1   [3H]-哌唑嗪   10-5M酚胺唑啉   腓肠前侧皮质
    α2   [3H]-RX821002   10-5M育亨宾   腓肠前侧皮质
结果:
在我们的实验条件下,在肾上腺素能受体中得到的体外结果表明:本发明化合物只有很低的α1-肾上腺素能受体(Ki>7μM)和α2-肾上腺素能受体(Ki>10μM)亲和力。实施例C:行为绝望试验
将用于本试验的小鼠置于一装满水的圆筒中,小鼠不能从该圆筒中溜出。经过几次试图逃出的努力之后,动物变得温顺并保持静止,现在只进行一些必须保持其头部露出水上的运动。此时将每组为10只的动物置于圆筒中6分钟,在最后4分钟内测定稳定的时间。
稳定时间使得能够表征试验化合物的抗抑郁活性。因此抗抑郁药(如丙咪嗪或去甲丙咪嗪)减少了这种稳定时间。
本发明化合物表明具有可与丙咪嗪和去甲丙咪嗪相比的活性,所测得的稳定时间与参照产品具有相同的数量级。实施例D:单胺氧化酶的亲和力测定体外(in vitro)
根据C.Carpene描述的原始记录(Annals.N.Y.Acad.Sci.,1995,763,p.380)进行I2咪唑啉位置的结合以及单胺氧化酶的亲和力的试验。
所使用的参照放射性配体是氚化BFI。为了说明本发明化合物替代参照放射性配体的能力,利用本发明化合物进行竞争性实验。体外(ex vivo)
所使用的动物为遗传性肥大Zucker大鼠,利用试验化合物对上述动物进行亚慢性治疗。在该试验的最后,根据C.Carpene描述的方法(J.Lipids.Res.,1990,31,p.811),在提取体外脂肪组织之后测定对I2咪唑啉位置的结合以及单胺氧化酶的活性。结果
试验表明:本发明化合物具有很高的对I2咪唑啉结合位置的亲和力(数量级为1至100nM);通过对脂肪细胞中的单胺氧化酶具有数量级为10-6M的亲和力的结合,本发明化合物具有对该氧化酶的抑制作用。
实施例E:降糖血活性
本发明衍生物的降糖血活性是在大约250g的3个月的Witsar雄性大鼠中进行试验的。通过在Ketamine盐酸麻醉(75mg/kg,IP)条件下,静内注射小剂量溶解在柠檬酸盐缓冲液(171)中的链脲菌素,得到患有糖尿病的实验大鼠。这些大鼠被称为“STZ”,正常的大鼠也在相同的条件下接受柠檬酸盐缓冲液注射。
通过在注射链脲菌素两周后进行的葡萄糖耐量试验,评估体内平衡。·静脉内葡萄糖耐量试验(IVGTT)
将葡萄糖溶解在0.9%NaCl水溶液中,通过隐静脉对由戊巴比妥麻醉(60mg/kg,IP)的大鼠给药。在注射葡萄糖前和注射葡萄糖后5、10、15、20和30分钟时,通过尾巴上的脉管按序采集血样。然后离心并分离血浆,立刻在10μl等分试样上测定血浆葡萄糖浓度,剩余的血浆贮存在-20℃下。
对IVGTT前20分钟由戊巴比妥麻醉的大鼠进行试验产品的一次IP注射。·口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTF)
对清醒的大鼠经口给药(2g/kg)。在给用葡萄糖之前和给用葡萄糖之后10、20、30、40、60、90和120分钟时采集血样。根据上述相同的方法处理血样。
在OGTT之前30分钟经口给用试验产品。·分析方法
利用葡萄糖分析仪(Beckman Inc.,Fullerton,CA)测定血浆葡萄糖浓度。葡萄糖耐量通过与两个相关的参数测定:ΔG和K。ΔG表示血糖基于基线的增加;由在葡萄糖过量聚集之后,在30分钟(IVGIT)和120分钟(OGTF)区间内积分而得。
K是葡萄糖给药后,在5和30分钟之间葡萄糖的消失速度(IVGTT)。仅仅在IVGTT期间计算系数K。
结果表明:本发明化合物具有与甲磺吡脲可比的活性,并具有不诱导相同基础低血糖的优点。实施例F:急性毒性研究
在口服给药后,通过增加研究产品的剂量,测定8只小鼠(26±2g)的急性毒性。在第1天按照规律的时间间隔观测动物,并在处理后的两周内每天观测动物。
结果表明:本发明化合物显示出极小的毒性。实施例G:药物组合物:片剂
制备1000片含1mg剂量2-(4-乙基苯基)-Δ2-咪唑啉的药片。2-(4-乙基苯基)-Δ2-咪唑啉                                1g小麦淀粉                                                  20g玉米淀粉                                                  20g乳糖                                                      30g硬脂酸镁                                                  2g硅石                                                      1g羟基丙基纤维素                                            2g

Claims (15)

1.式(I)化合物、其异构体及可药用酸加成盐:
Figure C9712577400021
其中R代表:●式(α)的苯基:
Figure C9712577400022
其中R1代表:·(C1-C6)烷基,此时,除氯原子之外的卤原子,R2以及R3和R5代表氢原子,此时的R4代表卤原子,或R2以及R4和R5代表氢原子,此时的R3代表除氯之外的卤原子,或R2代表氰基,R3、R4和R5各自代表氢原子,·或卤原子,此时,R3也代表与R1不同的卤原子,及R2、R4和R5各自代表氢原子,R3以及R2和R5代表氢原子,R4代表(C1-C6)烷基,·或氢原子,此时,R2、R3和R4同时代表氢原子,R5代表苯基,或R2和R3同时代表相互不同的卤原子,R4和R5各自代表氢原子,或R2代表除氯或氟原子之外的卤原子或(C2-C6)烷基或(C1-C6)烷基羰基,R3、R4和R5各自代表氢原子,或R2以及R4和R5代表氢原子,此时R3为选自乙基、正丙基、正丁基、三氟甲基、(C1-C6)烷硫基、三氟甲氧基、苯基、苯氧基、(C1-C6)酰基氨基、氨基磺酰基、氮原子上由一个或两个(C1-C6)烷基取代的氨基磺酰基,或R2代表硝基,R3代表羟基,R4代表卤原子以及R5代表氢原子,或R3和R5各自代表氢原子,R2和R4各自代表卤原子且不能同时代表氯;●或式(β)的萘基:其中R6代表卤原子、(C1-C6)烷基或甲氧基;●或选自:吲哚-5-基
Figure C9712577400032
1-苯基-1-环己基甲基,环庚基,4-(苯并噻唑-2-基)苄基,和基团
Figure C9712577400033
应当理解,所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C2-C6)烷基和(C1-C6)烷硫基是指直链基团和支链基团。
2.根据权利要求1的式(αI/a)化合物、其异构体及可药用酸加成盐:其中R1代表直链或支链(C1-C6)烷基。
3.根据权利要求1的式(αI/b)化合物、其异构体及可药用酸加成盐:
Figure C9712577400035
其中R1代表卤原子或直链或支链(C1-C6)烷基,R3代表与R1不同的卤原子。
4.根据权利要求1的式(αI/c)化合物、其异构体及可药用酸加成盐:其中R1代表卤原子,R4代表直链或支链(C1-C6)烷基。
5.根据权利要求1的式(αI/d)化合物、其异构体及可药用酸加成盐:
Figure C9712577400042
其中R2和R3各自代表相互不同的卤原子。
6.根据权利要求1的式(αI/e)化合物、其异构体及可药用酸加成盐:
Figure C9712577400043
其中R3选自乙基、正丙基、正丁基、三氟甲基、(C1-C6)烷硫基、三氟甲氧基、苯基、苯氧基、(C1-C6)酰基氨基、氨基磺酰基、氮原子上由一个或两个直链或支链(C1-C6)烷基取代的氨基磺酰基。
7.根据权利要求1的式(αI/f)化合物、其异构体及可药用酸加成盐:其中R2代表除氯或氟原子之外的卤原子或直链或支链(C2-C6)烷基或直链或支链(C1-C6)烷基羰基。
8.根据权利要求1的式(I)化合物、其异构体及可药用酸加成盐,其中R代表基团β:
Figure C9712577400045
其中R6代表卤原子、直链或支链(C1-C6)烷基,或甲氧基。
9.根据权利要求1的式(I)化合物,其中该化合物为2-(4-联苯基)-Δ2-咪唑啉或其可药用酸加成盐。
10.根据权利要求1的式(I)化合物,其中该化合物为2-(3-氰基-2-甲基苯基)-Δ2-咪唑啉或其可药用酸加成盐。
11.根据权利要求1的式(I)化合物,其中该化合物为2-(4-苯氧基苯基)-Δ2-咪唑啉或其可药用酸加成盐。
12.根据权利要求1的式(I)化合物,其中该化合物为2-(4-乙基苯基)-Δ2-咪唑啉或其可药用酸加成盐。
13.制备式(I)化合物的方法,该方法包括:在催化剂量五硫化磷存在下,将式(II)的腈:
                   R-C≡N      (II)
其中R如上文定义,与乙二胺缩合;如果需要的话,可将所得的粗产物
-根据选自下列的一种或多种方法纯化:结晶、硅胶色谱纯化、萃取、过滤经过活性炭或树脂处理;
-如果适当的话,根据常规的分离方法,将以纯产物形式或以混合物形式存在的产物分离成可能的异构体;
-和/或通过酸形成酸加成盐。
14.一种用于治疗与咪唑啉受体相关的疾病的药物组合物,该药物组合物含有与一种或多种可药用赋形剂相结合的权利要求1至12之一所述的式(I)化合物或其可药用酸加成盐。
15.根据权利要求14的药物组合物,其中所述与咪唑啉受体相关疾病是指中枢神经系统有关的疾病,抑郁症、帕金森病、厌食症、心血管疾病、高血压、糖尿病、肥胖症、贫血和癌症。
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HUP9702341A2 (hu) 1998-07-28
NO975591D0 (no) 1997-12-03
NO309602B1 (no) 2001-02-26
BR9706126A (pt) 1999-05-18
DE69701307T2 (de) 2000-09-14
HK1011207A1 (en) 1999-07-09
ES2145563T3 (es) 2000-07-01
CA2223541A1 (fr) 1998-06-04
GR3032715T3 (en) 2000-06-30
US5925665A (en) 1999-07-20
PL323515A1 (en) 1998-06-08
FR2756560A1 (fr) 1998-06-05
CN1186074A (zh) 1998-07-01
AU719145B2 (en) 2000-05-04
JPH10168065A (ja) 1998-06-23
DK0846688T3 (da) 2000-07-17
ZA9710918B (en) 1998-06-15
AU4765297A (en) 1998-06-11
NO975591L (no) 1998-06-05
HUP9702341A3 (en) 1999-04-28
EP0846688A1 (fr) 1998-06-10
NZ329312A (en) 1998-07-28
DE69701307D1 (de) 2000-03-23
PT846688E (pt) 2000-05-31
EP0846688B1 (fr) 2000-02-16
ATE189816T1 (de) 2000-03-15

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