CN109107529A - Cross the method that abdomen conversion improves cornstalk biological charcoal cadmium absorption crystallized ability - Google Patents
Cross the method that abdomen conversion improves cornstalk biological charcoal cadmium absorption crystallized ability Download PDFInfo
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- CN109107529A CN109107529A CN201811000050.4A CN201811000050A CN109107529A CN 109107529 A CN109107529 A CN 109107529A CN 201811000050 A CN201811000050 A CN 201811000050A CN 109107529 A CN109107529 A CN 109107529A
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/3078—Thermal treatment, e.g. calcining or pyrolizing
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- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/04—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only applied in a physical form other than a solution or a grout, e.g. as granules or gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4875—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being a waste, residue or of undefined composition
- B01J2220/4887—Residues, wastes, e.g. garbage, municipal or industrial sludges, compost, animal manure; fly-ashes
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Abstract
The invention discloses cross abdomen conversion to improve the method that cornstalk biological charcoal cadmium adsorbs crystallized ability, fresh corn stalk is admixed to 0.1% salt, with unique forage feed ox, abdomen conversion is crossed by ox, collect the cow dung that beefsteak is let out, it is put into Muffle furnace after drying, it is 20 DEG C/min that heating rate is controlled under nitrogen atmosphere, is pyrolyzed 3 hours under the conditions of 600-700 DEG C and prepares charcoal.Abdomen conversion is crossed by ox, charcoal property is significantly changed, and the maximal absorptive capacity to cadmium is 161.2-175.4mg/g, and the charcoal for crossing abdomen conversion preparation improves 45.1-47.2% to the crystallized ability of Cadmium in Soil.This method has that low energy consumption, the distinguishing features such as high-quality, and the multiple stage circulation for not only having realized maize straw resource utilizes, but also provides good repair materials for the passivation reparation of cadmium pollution soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural wastes recyclings and heavy metal-polluted soil to be passivated reparation field, and in particular to a kind of to cross abdomen turn
Change the method for improving cornstalk biological charcoal cadmium absorption crystallized ability.
Background technique
The situation is tense for the pollution such as China's heavy metal-polluted soil, seriously threatens agricultural product security and human health, remediating heavy metal
Contaminated soil is very urgent.Heavy metal pollution of soil in-situ passivation recovery technique have it is low in cost, easy to operate, quick,
The advantages that being suitble to pollution in wide area to administer, is concerned in soil remediation application.The key of heavy metal in-situ passivation reparation exists
In the exploitation of passivator, raw material is mainly calcareous substance, clay mine, phosphorated material and organic fertilizer etc..Due to raw material sources
Shortage, passivation effect is different or there are the reasons such as secondary pollution, is restricted the popularization of in-situ passivation recovery technique.
Therefore, developing cheap efficient, environmental-friendly in-situ passivation agent becomes the hot spot in the field.Recent studies indicate that using agriculture
The charcoal of woods waste production has abundant microcellular structure, large specific surface area, strong adsorption force, pH value height, antidecomposition ability strong
Etc. unique structure and physicochemical property, soil improvement, pollution control, carbon fixation and emission reduction, in terms of have it is wide
Application prospect.In-situ passivation agent of the charcoal as heavy-metal contaminated soil reparation has very strong adsorption capacity to heavy metal, and
The validity that heavy metal-polluted soil can be effectively reduced reduces it to content of beary metal in the murder by poisoning of plant and plant, reparative potential
It is huge.
On the other hand, Chinese stalk annual output breaks through 8 × 10 at present8T, for a long time, China's straw resource utilization mode
It is single, industry chain (supply chain) is short, deficiency in economic performance, industrialization level are low, seriously constrain the raising of stalk comprehensive utilization level.In recent years
Come, charcoal utilization of resources technology, i.e., prepares charcoal using stalk and have become stalk resource using before technical research
Edge.However the technology can not fully utilize the Nutrients such as protein, amino acid, carbohydrate in stalk, while by
It is big in straw biological amount, it the features such as moisture content is high, needs to consume mass energy in charcoal preparation process.Therefore, according to circulation
The theory of agricultural, by developing the straw circulating type agricultural by stalk multiple stage circulation characterized by, to increase stalk resource
Added value, improve the utilization rate of stalk resource, in combination with charcoal utilization of resources technology, prepared by Multi-class propagation product given birth to
Object charcoal, the passivation reparation for heavy-metal contaminated soil, it will help realize straw resource utilization economic benefit and environmental benefit
Maximization.
In order to improve maize straw resource utilization efficiency, this research attempts to turn by feeding corn stover to ox by abdomen
Change, recycles slow method for pyrolysis to prepare charcoal, improve its absorption crystallized ability to cadmium.Both maize straw resource is realized
Multi-class propagation, and good repair materials are provided for the passivation reparation of cadmium pollution soil.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of absorption of raising cornstalk biological charcoal cadmium to fix
The method of ability.To achieve the above object, abdomen conversion is crossed by feeding corn stover to Niu Jinhang, collects excreta cow dung, utilizes
Slow method for pyrolysis prepares charcoal, utilizes the cadmium in charcoal absorption fixing soil.This method had both realized corn stover money
The Multi-class propagation in source, and passivation agent material well is provided for the passivation reparation of cadmium pollution soil.
The method that abdomen conversion improves cornstalk biological charcoal cadmium absorption crystallized ability is crossed, specifically includes the following steps:
(1) corn stover crosses abdomen conversion: taking fresh corn stalk, cuts up with a hay cutter into 2-3cm segment of uniform size, admix 0.1%
Salt, it is continuous to feed 4 days or more as unique forage feed ox；
(2) cow dung is collected and is handled: cow dung is collected since second day of nursing, continuously collect 3 days or more, the ox of collection
Excrement air-dries at room temperature, and water content is controlled in 15-20%；
(3) preparation of charcoal: the cow dung after above-mentioned drying process being put into crucible, baking oven is put into, in 65-70 DEG C of item
It is dried 22-24 hours under part, controls water content in 4-8%；Then the cow dung after drying and processing is put into Muffle furnace, using a step
Slowly pyrolysis prepares charcoal to method；Pyrolytical condition is to be warming up to 600-700 DEG C in nitrogen atmosphere with 20 DEG C/min, keeps the temperature 3 hours,
The charcoal obtained after cooling is levigate, crosses 40 meshes.
The absorption and fixation of cadmium: taking the cow dung charcoal of above-mentioned cracking preparation, carries out the isothermal adsorption test of cadmium, wherein cadmium
Concentration gradient is 1-300mg/L, and solid-to-liquid ratio 0.002 calculates the maximal absorptive capacity of cadmium using Langmuir equation simulation；In life
For object charcoal in the fixed test of Cadmium in Soil, the adding proportion of charcoal is 0.5%, keeps field capacity 60%, balance culture
Effective cadmium content of soil is measured after a week, calculates the fixed efficiency of Cadmium in Soil.
According to the above aspect of the present invention, the invention has the following advantages that (1) present invention by corn stover passed through abdomen conversion, make straw
The nutriments such as protein, amino acid, carbohydrate in stalk are fully used, while greatly reducing cornstalk biological amount,
Realize minimizing；(2) present invention utilized abdomen converted product (cow dung), and by one-step method, pyrolysis prepares charcoal slowly, significantly
Reduce the energy consumption of cornstalk biological charcoal preparation.(3) of the invention by corn stover Multi-class propagation and charcoal utilization of resources skill
Art organically combines, and so that cow dung is turned waste into wealth, and improve charcoal to the absorption crystallized ability of cadmium.
Detailed description of the invention
Figure 1A is scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph under the conditions of 600 DEG C of comparative example cornstalk biological charcoal；
Figure 1B is scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph under the conditions of 700 DEG C of comparative example cornstalk biological charcoal；
Fig. 1 C is that 1 corn of embodiment crosses scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph under the conditions of abdomen converts 600 DEG C of straw biological charcoal；
Fig. 1 D is that 1 corn of embodiment crosses scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph under the conditions of abdomen converts 700 DEG C of straw biological charcoal.
Fig. 2 is embodiment 2 compared with the cadmium adsorption isothermal curve of comparative example charcoal；
Fig. 3 A is embodiment 3 compared with the variation of comparative example charcoal effective cadmium content of soil；
Fig. 3 B is embodiment 3 compared with comparative example charcoal Cadmium in Soil fixed efficiency.
Specific embodiment
The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention..
Comparative example
Fresh corn stalk is taken simultaneously, hand hay cutter dries 22h at 70 DEG C after air-drying 1 week at 2-3cm segment of uniform size,
Then corn stover is put into Muffle furnace, using one-step method, pyrolysis prepares charcoal slowly.Pyrolytical condition is in nitrogen atmosphere
600 DEG C or 700 DEG C are warming up to 20 DEG C/min, pyrolysis was down to room temperature after 3 hours naturally.Taking-up product, ground 40 mesh,
It stores for future use.
Embodiment 1
(1) corn stover crosses abdomen conversion: taking fresh corn stalk, cuts up with a hay cutter into 2-3cm segment of uniform size, admix 0.1%
Salt, it is continuous to feed 4 days or more as unique forage feed ox.
(2) cow dung is collected and is handled: cow dung is collected since second day of nursing, continuously collect 3 days or more, the ox of collection
Excrement air-dries at room temperature, and water content is controlled in 15-20%.
(3) preparation of charcoal: the cow dung after above-mentioned drying process being put into crucible, baking oven is put into, in 65-70 DEG C of item
It is dried 22-24 hours under part, controls water content in 4-8%.Then the cow dung after drying and processing is put into Muffle furnace, using a step
Slowly pyrolysis prepares charcoal to method.Pyrolytical condition is to be warming up to 600 DEG C or 700 DEG C in nitrogen atmosphere with 20 DEG C/min, pyrolysis 3
It is down to room temperature naturally after hour.Product is taken out, ground 40 mesh stores for future use.
PH, content of ashes, the element composition and BET specific surface area, data for measuring charcoal product are shown in Table 1.It adopts simultaneously
With scanning electron microscope analysis charcoal shape characteristic, the result is shown in Figure 1 A to Fig. 1 D.
As can be seen from Table 1, it under the conditions of 600-700 DEG C, crosses the content of ashes of abdomen maize transformation straw biological charcoal, compare table
Area dramatically increases, and wherein content of ashes increases 58.3-83.4%, and specific surface area improves 4.0-4.8 times.It simultaneously can be with from Fig. 1
Find out, comparative example cornstalk biological carbon surface is smooth, and cavernous structure is less, and crosses the surface of abdomen maize transformation straw biological charcoal
Cavernous structure dramatically increases, and marshalling, thus specific surface area dramatically increases.
1 comparative example cornstalk biological charcoal of table and the basic physical and chemical for crossing abdomen maize transformation straw biological charcoal
Embodiment 2
(1) corn stover crosses abdomen conversion: taking fresh corn stalk, cuts up with a hay cutter into 2-3cm segment of uniform size, admix 0.1%
Salt, it is continuous to feed 4 days or more as unique forage feed ox.
(2) cow dung is collected and is handled: cow dung is collected since second day of nursing, continuously collect 3 days or more, the ox of collection
Excrement air-dries at room temperature, and water content is controlled in 15-20%.
(3) preparation of charcoal: the cow dung after above-mentioned drying process being put into crucible, baking oven is put into, in 65-70 DEG C of item
It is dried 22-24 hours under part, controls water content in 4-8%.Then the cow dung after drying and processing is put into Muffle furnace, using a step
Slowly pyrolysis prepares charcoal to method.Pyrolytical condition is to be warming up to 600 DEG C or 700 DEG C in nitrogen atmosphere with 20 DEG C/min, pyrolysis 3
It is down to room temperature naturally after hour.Product is taken out, ground 40 mesh stores for future use.
(4) absorption of cadmium: taking the cow dung charcoal of above-mentioned cracking preparation, carries out the isothermal adsorption test of cadmium, compares comparison
To the adsorption capacity of cadmium, concrete outcome is shown in Fig. 2 for example cornstalk biological charcoal and abdomen maize transformation straw biological charcoal excessively.Wherein cadmium is dense
Degree gradient is 1-300mg/L, and solid-to-liquid ratio 0.002 calculates the maximal absorptive capacity of cadmium using Langmuir equation simulation.
Fig. 2 is the cadmium adsorption curve of charcoal product in the present embodiment, from figure 2 it can be seen that crossing abdomen maize transformation straw
Stalk charcoal is significantly larger than comparative example cornstalk biological charcoal to the adsorbance of cadmium.The mistake prepared under the conditions of 600 DEG C and 700 DEG C
Abdomen maize transformation straw biological charcoal is respectively 161.2mg/g and 175.4mg/g to the maximal absorptive capacity of cadmium, with comparative example corn stalk
Stalk charcoal is compared, and cadmium adsorbance increases 1.6-2.1 times.
Embodiment 3
(1) corn stover crosses abdomen conversion: taking fresh corn stalk, cuts up with a hay cutter into 2-3cm segment of uniform size, admix 0.1%
Salt, it is continuous to feed 4 days or more as unique forage feed ox.
(2) cow dung is collected and is handled: cow dung is collected since second day of nursing, continuously collect 3 days or more, the ox of collection
Excrement air-dries at room temperature, and water content is controlled in 15-20%.
(3) preparation of charcoal: the cow dung after above-mentioned drying process being put into crucible, baking oven is put into, in 65-70 DEG C of item
It is dried 22-24 hours under part, controls water content in 4-8%.Then the cow dung after drying and processing is put into Muffle furnace, using a step
Slowly pyrolysis prepares charcoal to method.Pyrolytical condition is to be warming up to 600 DEG C or 700 DEG C in nitrogen atmosphere with 20 DEG C/min, pyrolysis 3
It is down to room temperature naturally after hour.Product is taken out, ground 40 mesh stores for future use.
(4) fixation of cadmium: taking the cow dung charcoal of above-mentioned cracking preparation, carries out the fixed test of cadmium, compares corn stover
To the crystallized ability of cadmium, concrete outcome is shown in Fig. 3 for charcoal and abdomen maize transformation straw biological charcoal excessively.In fixed test, cadmium is taken
Contaminated soil 100g, the adding proportion of charcoal are 0.5%, are mixed well, and field capacity 60%, balance culture one week are kept
After measure effective cadmium content of soil, calculate the fixed efficiency of Cadmium in Soil.
Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B are the cadmium fixed effect of charcoal product in the present embodiment, can be seen that abdomen from Fig. 3 A and turn
Change cornstalk biological charcoal and comparative example cornstalk biological charcoal is significantly larger than to the crystallized ability of cadmium.The promising 600 μ g/L of soil, makes
With 0.5% charcoal, effect state cadmium content is significantly reduced.From Fig. 3 B as can be seen that and under the conditions of 600 DEG C and 700 DEG C
The abdomen maize transformation straw biological charcoal of crossing of preparation is respectively 80.9% and 86.2% to the fixed efficiency of cadmium, with comparative example corn stalk
Stalk charcoal is compared, and cadmium fixed efficiency improves 45.1-47.2%.
Claims (7)
1. crossing the method that abdomen conversion improves cornstalk biological charcoal cadmium absorption crystallized ability, it is characterised in that: by fresh corn straw
Stalk crosses abdomen conversion by ox, recycles slow method for pyrolysis to prepare charcoal, improves its absorption crystallized ability to cadmium.
2. the method according to claim 1 crossed abdomen conversion and improve cornstalk biological charcoal cadmium absorption crystallized ability, special
Sign is that the method includes following steps:
(1) corn stover crosses abdomen conversion: fresh corn stalk is taken, cuts up with a hay cutter into segment of uniform size, admixes suitable salt, as
Unique forage feed ox, continuous nursing 4 days or more；
(2) cow dung is collected and is handled: cow dung is collected since second day of nursing, the cow dung of acquisition air-dries at room temperature；
(3) preparation of charcoal: the cow dung after above-mentioned drying process is put into crucible, is put into baking oven and dries, at preheating
Cow dung after reason is put into Muffle furnace, and using one-step method, pyrolysis prepares charcoal slowly under conditions of anoxic, by cracking preparation
Sieving that charcoal is levigate.
3. the method according to claim 2 crossed abdomen conversion and improve cornstalk biological charcoal cadmium absorption crystallized ability, special
Sign is: corn stover described in step (1) cuts up with a hay cutter the segment at 2-3cm, admixes 0.1% salt.
4. the method according to claim 2 crossed abdomen conversion and improve cornstalk biological charcoal cadmium absorption crystallized ability, special
Sign is: cow dung described in step (2) air-dries, and water content is controlled in 15-20%.
5. the method according to claim 2 crossed abdomen conversion and improve cornstalk biological charcoal cadmium absorption crystallized ability, special
Sign is: drying temperature described in step (3) is 65-70 DEG C, and drying time is 22-24 hours, water content 4-8%.
6. the method according to claim 2 crossed abdomen conversion and improve cornstalk biological charcoal cadmium absorption crystallized ability, special
Sign is: one-step method pyrolytical condition described in step (3) is to be warming up to 600-700 DEG C in nitrogen atmosphere with 20 DEG C/min, heat preservation 3
Hour, charcoal is obtained after cooling.
7. the method according to claim 2 crossed abdomen conversion and improve cornstalk biological charcoal cadmium absorption crystallized ability, special
Sign is: charcoal described in step (4) is levigate, crosses 40 meshes.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111357868A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-07-03 | 四川农业大学 | Method for simultaneously preparing modified biochar and liquid feed by using corn straws |
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| KR20180029125A (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2018-03-20 | 대한민국(농촌진흥청장) | Method for manufacturing pellet type of slow releasing fertilizer using biochar and manure compost |
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- 2018-08-30 CN CN201811000050.4A patent/CN109107529B/en active Active
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| CN102113623A (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2011-07-06 | 曹孟 | Method for producing biological particle grain-saving straw feed |
| CN105921110A (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-09-07 | 环境保护部华南环境科学研究所 | Preparation method and application of cow dung biological carbon |
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| CN111357868A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-07-03 | 四川农业大学 | Method for simultaneously preparing modified biochar and liquid feed by using corn straws |
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