CN109089788A - Huang-Huai-Hai wheat stalwartness group based on shooting property cultivates cultural method - Google Patents
Huang-Huai-Hai wheat stalwartness group based on shooting property cultivates cultural method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical fields that the healthy and strong group during Wheat Production cultivates, especially by regulation application rate, control depth of planting, the selection of base manure fertilizer variety and method of the irrigation to cultivate wheat stalwartness group using wheat tillering characteristic before the winter, healthy and strong group specially based on wheat tillering characteristic cultivates cultural method, specially to the application rate for influencing wheat tillering characteristic, base manure dosage is screened and is controlled based on Wheat in Field productive potentialities, to obtain application rate and base manure dosage of the Huang-Huai-Hai area of wheat different target yield wheat within suitable date of seeding, and accomplish water by irrigating before the winter of regulation depth of planting and appropriateness, it is fertile on-demand, it launches on time, realize the management of wheat agronomy and the coordinating and unifying of Growth of Wheat.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to during Wheat Production healthy and strong group cultivate technical field, especially by the regulation amount of broadcasting,
It controls depth of planting, the selection of base manure fertilizer variety and was irrigated before the winter to cultivate the plainly-packed group of wheat using wheat tillering characteristic
Method, the Huang-Huai-Hai wheat stalwartness group specially based on shooting property cultivate cultural method.
Background technique
Wheat is one of the Three major grain crops in China, is the main grain ration of the northern China people, constantly improve wheat list
Production is the important channel for ensureing our people's basic grain ration safety.Influence yield of wheat play factor it is numerous, both include illumination,
Precipitation, CO2The multinomial non-artificial controllable factor such as concentration and temperature, and including land smoothing situation, application rate, seedtime, kind
Fertilizer applies and the influence of the controllable factors such as irrigation, and the regulation of abovementioned technology is to influence each other to the performance of wheat tillering feature
It mutually promotes again, if lacking standardization and standardized operation, easily causes the pole of the excessive and insufficient both direction of group
End occurs.For example, and application rate is biggish if having selected the stronger wheat breeds of shooting properties such as Jimai 22 in production
Words, if irrigated before the winter it is early be very likely to cause Dong Qian group is excessive, before the winter prosperous growth phenomenon appearance, be unfavorable for coming year wheat
High yield.
Since the beginning of the eighties in last century, with the successful breeding of China's High-yield Wheat new varieties, mechanization of agriculture by
Step is universal perfect with field irrigation condition, and the process continued to increase occurs in China's yield of wheat, but since 2010, with
The appearance of above-mentioned well stimulation edge effect, Huang-Huai-Hai area of wheat yield of wheat present a high position and hover.Because with agricultural
Mechanization, the variation of fertilizer type and Wheat Production practitioner's quality, corresponding cultivation production technology variation is little, in production
It is carried out mostly by former years experience, lacks the regulation calculation basis of unified operation standard and science.Itself tiller that wheat has
Cheng Sui is characterized in the basis of this technology invention, and wheat is then individually to realize group's structure at fringe using the tillering node tiller of itself
It builds, tillering node is made of the close packing that does not extend section together and internode, and tillering node has active separate living tissue, breathing
It acts on vigorous, needs sufficient nutrient, moisture and air.Tiller occur order are as follows: when wheat grows 3 leaves, first from
Tiller is grown between plumule armpit, when the 4th leaf occurs, the 1st axil bud of stem extends to form tiller；It is main when 5th leaf occurs
The 2nd axil bud of stem extends to form tiller, and tiller generation and Leaves on main stem occur keeping leaf tiller with the relationship for stretching (i.e. n-3).From
Level-one tiller is also named in the tiller grown on stem.When level-one tiller grows 3 leaves, tiller is grown between the axil of its sheath.From
Beginning tiller in 15~20 days after seedling is told in the tiller grown in level-one tiller, later with the increase of leaf number of the main culm, single plant point
Tiller is continuously increased, and the total stem number of group increases rapidly.
Therefore, protecting tillering node it is made to give full play to Tiller ears characteristic is to cultivate the core pass of wheat stalwartness group
Key.Firstly, protection tillering node safe overwintering is the basis for cultivating coming year wheatland stalwartness group.Current the Yellow River and Huai He River sea region Wheat Production
In the noisy pine of 0-20cm topsoil soils caused due to corn stover total crop return, winter cold current easily enters soil to wheat point
Tiller section causes freeze injury, is unfavorable for the safe overwintering of wheat seeding.Secondly, suitable depth of planting is the key that nurturing staff.It sowed
It is deep easily to cause ischaemia, the formation of wheat tillering is influenced, sowing is shallowly unfavorable for very much wheat safe overwintering, therefore perfect, mark
Quasi- cultivation technique is to protect the important technique measure of wheat tillering section.Again, suitable thickness of sowing is to realize that tillering node is strong
Strong important technique measure.Thickness of sowing is excessive to cause wheat seeding in unit area excessive, fights for nutrient mutually, moisture is unfavorable for list
The cultivation of the healthy and strong group of strain, application rate deficiency cause Basic Seedling very few, can not achieve earth's surface all standing, the leakage of wheatland group later period
Light is unfavorable for the accumulation and formation of photosynthate.
From the point of view of regulation application rate cultivates wheat stalwartness group technology, conventional wheat production technology is by production warp mostly
It tests, lacks unified operation standard and evaluation index.Sowing date estimation is relied primarily in application rate adjustment, such as in Shandong
If central and west regions sowing date suggests that application rate is 8 kgs/acre between September 20 days to September 25th, sowing date is 9
Suggest that application rate is 10 kgs/acre between 25 days to September 30th moon, sowing date suggests in October between October 10 on the 1st
Application rate is 12.5 kgs/acre, and October 11 to suggestion application rate between October 20 is 15 kgs/acre, thereafter until November
Every Postpone sowing increases by 0.5 kg/acre of application rate for 2 days before 10 days, and November 10 was just no longer suitable for sowing wheat later.
The organ that the close packing not extended by wheat base portion section together and internode form is tillering node.It is general one plant small
Only one tillering node of wheat.The tillering node of wheat is big due to being shot through in tiller in addition to can play the role of that tiller and root section occurs
The vascular bundle group of the connected meeting of the branch of amount, gets in touch with root system and overground part, so, and be the distribution of wheat seeding nutriment and transport
Hinge.Tillering node is also the vitals that wheat seeding reserves nutrient.In overwintering period, a large amount of sugar is stored in tillering node, is made thin
Cytoplasm concentration improves freezing point and reduces, cold hardiness enhancing, a part of energy matter needed for wheat seeding is grown in overwintering period and early spring
From being transported by tillering node reserve substance.If low temperature freezing-disaster occurs for winter wheat Winter-Spring, aerial part is freezed to death, as long as tillering node
It is not frozen to death, tiller can be grown up to by tiller bud on tillering node successively, make plant restoration ecosystem, and maturation of earing.Therefore promote
The sugar of tillering node is stored, and protecting tillering node is not the key that wheat seeding safe overwintering by freeze injury.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide the method for instructing winter wheat stalwartness group to cultivate of set of system, this method can have
The characteristic using wheat tillering Cheng Sui of effect significantly improves wheat stalwartness group in the case where reducing agricultural production investment
Cultivation ratio improves grain-production comparative effectiveness.
The standard of healthy and strong wheat tillering section is to can adapt to the lowest temperature of planting area, so that it is guaranteed that safe overwintering, and with
Wheat can safe overwintering key index be the larger molecular organics such as the soluble sugar of tillering node, proline content, it is such
The increase of larger molecular organics content can not only increase the winter resistance of wheat, and can ensure the stalwartness of wheat tillering,
Improve rate of tillering panicle.The farming operations ring of such tillering node larger molecular organics content can be regulated and controled in current Wheat Production
Section is the proportion of the control of application rate, depth of planting and N P and K base manure, therefore the technical scheme is that cultivate wheat
Healthy and strong group is target, carries out inverse calculating to the various factors for influencing wheat tillering characteristic, to realize that wheat stalwartness group trains
The target educated.
The 1 horizontal water of Huang-Huai-Hai area of wheat different output of table is irrigated the fields the standard of group of wheat stalwartness group
| Target output (thousand grams/acre) | Population (ten thousand fringes/mu) | Basic Seedling (ten thousand/mu) | Required nitrogen base manure (thousand grams/acre) | Required potash fertilizer base manure (thousand grams/acre) | Required phosphate fertilizer base manure (thousand grams/acre) |
| 650 | 55 | 17 | 15 | 8 | 7 |
| 600 | 50 | 20 | 18 | 7 | 6 |
| 550 | 45 | 23 | 12 | 6 | 3 |
It is foundation with table 1, calculates application rate of the Huang-Huai-Hai area of wheat different target yield wheat within suitable date of seeding, and mating application
Corresponding base manure.Soil is ploughed deeply with 1LFT-450 pivot plow before sowing, deep 30cm is turned over, thereafter by medium-sized speed change (ZXBS) rotary cultivator
Leveling earth's surface simultaneously crushes topsoil soils.Sow the wide seedling of 2BFJK series Wheat wide produced by Shandong great Hua Machinery Co., Ltd.
Band fertilising precision planter sowing, strict control depth of planting brings base manure by machinery when sowing between 4-5cm when sowing,
Table 1 is corresponded to based on Wheat in Field productive potentialities according to the calculating wheat cultivation amount of formula 1, by Nintaus according to wheatland region
The 15 of big ecological engineering Group Plc productionN-5P2O5-7K2OCompound fertilizer is as base manure, and corresponding table 1 adjusts base manure and uses
Amount.
1 wheat cultivation amount calculation formula of formula
Basic Seedling corresponds to agriculture according to the irrigate the fields standard of group of wheat stalwartness group of the 1 horizontal water of Huang-Huai-Hai area of wheat different output of table in formula
Field yield level is searched, and the mass of 1000 kernel of wheat seed and germination percentage actual measurement, Seedling emergence rate are calculated with conventional 85%.
Field-moisture capacity is surveyed before overwintering, carries out winter irrigation when field capacity is lower than 80%, if single plant point at this time
Tiller field capacity after 1.8-2.0, winter irrigation reaches 95%；If single plant tiller is between 1.4-1.8, this irrigation
The 100% of field capacity should be reached；If single plant tiller, between 1.0-1.4, field capacity should be lower than 90% after irrigation, with
Exempting from the later period acutely cools down and causes freeze injury.The time of winter irrigation should be when daily mean temperature drops to 7-8 DEG C, when to 5 DEG C or so
Terminate.
The cardinal principle that the present invention utilizes is: the tillering ability of wheat tillering section by potash fertilizer, wheat tillering section buried depth and
Soil water content combined influence is embodied in topsoil soils quick-acting potassium content when more than 180mg/kg, the tiller of wheat
Ability orientation is more abundant, and when being lower than 120 mg/kg, tillering ability is limited.The buried depth of wheat tillering section is in 4-5cm
Ensure that the safe overwintering of tillering node ensures that being unearthed for thin and weak tiller, if the buried depth of wheat tillering section is lower than 4cm, tillering node
Safe overwintering cannot be ensured, especially under the working condition of corn stover total crop return.If buried depth is more than 6cm, can make
Too long at stem in the ground of wheat, the limiting nutrient for excessively consuming wheat seed makes wheat emerge, and thin and weak seedling can be caused more, and
It is unfavorable for being unearthed for thin and weak tiller, shifts to an earlier date the polarization of wheat tillering, be unfavorable for the building of wheat stalwartness group.Soil contains
Water can also produce a very large impact the performance of wheat tillering ability, and best field capacity when wheat tillering is 85%-90%,
The too low performance that can seriously limit wheat tillering ability of field capacity, the excessively high anoxic that will cause soil region locating for tillering node
The erosion of tillering node is caused when serious.
The invention has the benefit that
Huang-Huai-Hai wheat stalwartness group based on shooting property cultivates cultural method, realizes by wheat target yield retrospectively calculate
Wheat cultivation amount, required base manure dosage, and accomplish water, fertilizer on demand, on time by irrigating before the winter of regulation depth of planting and appropriateness
It launches, realizes the management of wheat agronomy and the coordinating and unifying of Growth of Wheat.Method of the invention can to wheat tillering node
The Resistance Physiologies indexs such as dissolubility sugar, soluble protein, Proline generate positive effect, optimize Agronomic Characters in Wheat and production
Amount is constituted.
The cultivation that the shooting property that the invention takes full advantage of wheat tillering section realizes wheat stalwartness group is precisely adjusted
Control, this method are to realize the major technique basis of China's Huang-Huai-Hai wheat main producing region Wheat Production precision agriculture, can alleviated
It plays a significant role in the contradiction of agricultural production and environmental protection, while improving grain-production comparative effectiveness, facilitates agriculture
The raising of people's specialist skill increases the enthusiasm that peasant is engaged in Wheat Production, ensures China's grain security.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below by specific embodiment.
Case study on implementation 1
Implement in Crop Inst. of shandong Prov. Agriculture science Academy experimental plot within 2016/2017 year, which is clay loam, soil
Bulk density is 1.36g/m3, have irrigation conditions, wheat breed of participating in the experiment is Jimai 229 (by Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences's crop investigations
Institute's breeding), nearly 3 years wheat average products are 586.5 thousand grams/acre, this time assumes that target output is 600,000 grams/acre, right
It irrigates the fields the standard of group of wheat stalwartness group according to the 1 horizontal water of Huang-Huai-Hai area of wheat different output of table, required Basic Seedling is 200,000/mu,
18,000 grams/acre of required nitrogen base manure, 7,000 grams/acre of required potash fertilizer base manure, 6,000 grams/acre of required phosphate fertilizer base manure.It is used before wheat cultivation
1LFT-450 pivot plow ploughs deeply soil, turns over deep 30cm, flattens earth's surface by medium-sized speed change (ZXBS) rotary cultivator thereafter and crushes topsoil
Soil.The wide seedling band of the 2BFJK series Wheat wide that sowing produce by Shandong great Hua Machinery Co., Ltd. apply fertilizer precision planter in
Sowing on October 8th, 2016, average depth of planting are 4.2cm.Double centner/big life of mu Nintaus is brought by seeding machinery when sowing
The 15 of state engineering Group Plc productionN-5P2O5-7K2OCompound fertilizer is the complete of later period wheat tillering as wheat basal fertilizer
At offer nutrient.
Field capacity actual measurement is 82.4% when on November 20th, 2016, and single plant the mean tillering is 1.72, it is seen that total stem tiller
47.2 ten thousand/mu, technical solution according to the invention irrigate experimental plot on 21st November, and irrigation quantity is 45 cubic metres/mu,
Field capacity reaches 92% after irrigation.Control plot is traditional production technique plot, and wheat cultivation amount is Conventional wisdom value 16,000
Gram/acre, it is sowed by the wheat seeder of skill Machinery Co., Ltd. of Yuncheng in Shandong production, average depth of planting is 3.8cm, before the winter
It irrigates and is irrigated using full dose, irrigation quantity is 68 cubic metres/mu, and field capacity is 100% after irrigation.
Comparison finds that the relatively control of wheat tillering section soluble sugar of the invention, soluble protein content increases obvious, phase
Conductivity is increased significantly, the winter low temperature resistance of tillering node is significantly improved.Superoxide dismutase, mda content increase
Add and shows that its internal physiological regulatory mechanism is fully played.Finally the technology achieve 610.8kg/ mus of yield at
Achievement increases 67.1kg/ mus compared with control treatment, amount of increase in production 12.34%.
Shadow of 2 present invention of table to Resistance Physiologies indexs such as wheat tillering section soluble sugar, soluble protein, Prolines
It rings
Influence of 3 present invention of table to Agronomic Characters in Wheat and yield forming
| Processing | Maximum tiller number × 104/ mu | Rate of tillering panicle (%) | Mu spike number × 104/ mu | Grain number per spike (a) | Mass of 1000 kernel (g) | Yield (kg/ mus) |
| This technology | 108.4 | 44.88 | 48.65 | 36.71 | 37.85 | 610.8 |
| Control | 128.3 | 35.29 | 45.28 | 38.14 | 34.50 | 543.7 |
Embodiment 2
Implement in Dezhou City Academy of Agricultural Sciences experimental plot within 2016/2017 year, which is sandy loam, and the soil weight is
1.16g/m3, there is irrigation conditions, wheat breed of participating in the experiment is Jimai 22 (by Crop Inst. of shandong Prov. Agriculture science Academy's breeding),
Nearly 3 years wheat average products are 521.7 thousand grams/acre, this time assumes that target output is 550,000 grams/acre, and the table of comparisons 1 is yellow
The Huai-Hai horizontal water of area of wheat different output is irrigated the fields the standard of group of wheat stalwartness group, and required Basic Seedling is 230,000/mu, required nitrogen
12,000 grams/acre of base manure, 6,000 grams/acre of required potash fertilizer base manure, 3,000 grams/acre of required phosphate fertilizer base manure.1LFT-450 is used before wheat cultivation
Pivot plow ploughs deeply soil, turns over deep 30cm, flattens earth's surface by medium-sized speed change (ZXBS) rotary cultivator thereafter and crushes topsoil soils.Sowing
The wide seedling band fertilising precision planter of the 2BFJK series Wheat wide produced by Shandong great Hua Machinery Co., Ltd. is in October, 2016
It sows within 12nd, average depth of planting is 4.1cm.Big ecological engineering group of double centner/mu Nintaus is brought by seeding machinery when sowing
The 15 of limited liability company's productionN-5P2O5-7K2OAs wheat basal fertilizer, the completion for later period wheat tillering provides nutrient for compound fertilizer.
Field capacity actual measurement is 83.65% when on November 21st, 2016, and single plant the mean tillering is 1.82, it is seen that total stem
49.80 ten thousand/mu of tiller, technical solution according to the invention irrigate experimental plot on 26th November, irrigation quantity be 51 cubic metres/
Mu, field capacity reaches 93% after irrigation.Control plot is traditional production technique plot, and wheat cultivation amount is Conventional wisdom value
It 16000 grams/acre, is sowed by the wheat seeder of skill Machinery Co., Ltd. of Yuncheng in Shandong production, average depth of planting is 3.8cm,
It irrigated before winter and is irrigated using full dose, irrigation quantity is 73 cubic metres/mu, and field capacity is 100% after irrigation.
Comparison finds that the relatively control of wheat tillering section soluble sugar of the invention, soluble protein content increases obvious, phase
Conductivity is increased significantly, the winter low temperature resistance of tillering node is significantly improved.Superoxide dismutase, mda content increase
Add and shows that its internal physiological regulatory mechanism is fully played.Finally the technology achieve 610.8kg/ mus of yield at
Achievement increases 46.1kg/ mus compared with control treatment, amount of increase in production 8.90%.
Shadow of 4 present invention of table to Resistance Physiologies indexs such as wheat tillering section soluble sugar, soluble protein, Prolines
It rings
Influence of 5 present invention of table to Agronomic Characters in Wheat and yield forming
| Processing | Maximum tiller number × 104/ mu | Rate of tillering panicle (%) | Mu spike number × 104/ mu | Grain number per spike (a) | Mass of 1000 kernel (g) | Yield (kg/ mus) |
| This technology | 104.21 | 42.80 | 44.58 | 37.85 | 38.19 | 564.5 |
| Control | 127.43 | 33.54 | 42.74 | 36.63 | 36.85 | 518.4 |
Claims (4)
1. Huang-Huai-Hai wheat stalwartness group based on shooting property cultivates cultural method, to cultivate wheat stalwartness group as target,
The application rate, the base manure dosage that influence wheat tillering characteristic are screened and controlled based on Wheat in Field productive potentialities, from
And application rate and base manure dosage of the Huang-Huai-Hai area of wheat different target yield wheat within suitable date of seeding are obtained, to realize wheat stalwartness
The target that group cultivates；
Application rate of the wheat within suitable date of seeding is calculated according to formula 1,
1 wheat cultivation amount calculation formula of formula
In formula Basic Seedling according to the 1 horizontal water of Huang-Huai-Hai area of wheat different output of table irrigate the fields wheat stalwartness group standard correspond to farmland produce
Amount is horizontal to search, and the mass of 1000 kernel of wheat seed and germination percentage actual measurement, Seedling emergence rate are calculated with conventional 85%；
Wherein, the horizontal water of Huang-Huai-Hai area of wheat different output is irrigated the fields the standard of wheat stalwartness group, and specific data are as shown in table 1 below,
The 1 horizontal water of Huang-Huai-Hai area of wheat different output of table is irrigated the fields the standard of wheat stalwartness group
。
2. the Huang-Huai-Hai wheat stalwartness group according to claim 1 based on shooting property cultivates cultural method, feature
It is,
Soil is ploughed deeply with 1LFT-450 pivot plow before sowing, turns over deep 30cm, flattens ground by medium-sized speed change (ZXBS) rotary cultivator thereafter
Table simultaneously crushes topsoil soils；Sowing is applied fertilizer by the wide seedling band of 2BFJK series Wheat wide that Shandong great Hua Machinery Co., Ltd. produces
Precision planter sowing, strict control depth of planting brings base manure by machinery when sowing between 4-5cm when sowing.
3. the Huang-Huai-Hai wheat stalwartness group according to claim 1 based on shooting property cultivates cultural method, feature
It is,
Base manure is 15 produced by Kingenta Ecological Engineering Group Co., Ltd.N-5P2O5-7K2OCompound fertilizer as base manure, and
Corresponding table 1 adjusts base manure dosage.
It is planted 4. the Huang-Huai-Hai wheat stalwartness group described in -3 any claims based on shooting property cultivates according to claim 1
Culture method, which is characterized in that
Field-moisture capacity is surveyed before overwintering, winter irrigation is carried out when field capacity is lower than 80%, if single plant tiller at this time exists
1.8-2.0, field capacity reaches 95% after winter irrigation；If single plant tiller, between 1.4-1.8, this irrigation should reach field
The 100% of water-holding capacity；If single plant tiller, between 1.0-1.4, field capacity should be lower than 90% after irrigation, in case the later period is violent
Cooling causes freeze injury；The time of winter irrigation should terminate when to 5 DEG C or so when daily mean temperature drops to 7-8 DEG C.
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