CN109088169A - Super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna - Google Patents
Super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN109088169A CN109088169A CN201811158268.2A CN201811158268A CN109088169A CN 109088169 A CN109088169 A CN 109088169A CN 201811158268 A CN201811158268 A CN 201811158268A CN 109088169 A CN109088169 A CN 109088169A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
Super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna constructs the Alford ring arm of all-wave half-wave mixing oscillator；Complete Alford loop antenna is constituted using Alford ring arm；And Alford loop antenna central coaxial line is fed.On the inside of the full-wave dipole of the circle each arm of battle array, circle battle array medium position, the half-wave dipole unit of a pair of of end short circuit is added；One open-circuit minor matters are set on the outside of half-wave dipole；Array is fed using parallel two conductor transmission line, and transmission line is made of the wide transforming section of more piece Length discrepancy, the offset of two-conductor or so up and down of outermost section transforming section, and non-central coincidence；Open an arc incision in outside among full-wave dipole.By optimization full-wave dipole, half-wave dipole, open a way minor matters and twin lead geometric parameter, the present invention realizes the ultra wide bandwidth of Alford loop antenna unit, higher gain, good level omni-directional, high efficiency, high power capacity, and simple feed design, lesser diameter and ultralow section.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to radio antenna equipment and technologies, particularly relate to the horizontally polarized omnidirectional day of super-wide band high-gain
Line.
Background technique
Horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna is the important antenna type of one of radio engineering, and application demand is very extensive,
H/V quadrature dualpolarized omnidirectional mimo antenna such as is formed with vertical depolarized omnidirectional antenna, to meet low cost and high capacity demand.So far
Until the present, all kinds of horizontally polarized omnidirectional antennas invented almost are all based on loop antenna theory, i.e., electric small loop antenna and TV university
Alford loop antenna.The former is the horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna invented earliest, but since perimeter is much smaller than operation wavelength, at electric current
Locate the same phase of constant amplitude, its gain is very low, smaller bandwidth, poor efficiency, uses frequently as Active Receiving Antenna；The latter is then will be more
A half-wave dipole coplanar horizontal is arranged in round battle array, its broader bandwidth, omni-directional is good, efficiency is higher, section is very low, but gain is logical
Normal only 1dBi or so.Moreover, being relatively large in diameter, feeding network design is complicated, higher cost.In order to obtain more high-gain, usually will
Multiple horizontally polarized omnidirectional units coaxial group of battle array along the vertical direction, is then fed with power division network.However, since each unit does not exist
Same plane, as quantity increases, the feed design of the program becomes more sophisticated.In addition, antenna is high in many applications
Degree has stringent limitation, therefore can not improve array gain by adding unit number, increase array element spacing.In this case, it improves
Module gain is most effective method.Module gain raising has following two method: first method is to increase circle battle array
Middle half-wave a period of time (L≈0.5·λ) unit quantity, element number increase so that circle battle array radius increases with it, gain is improved,
As shown in Figure 2.However, circle battle array impedance matching is all the more difficult, and the gain of horizontal direction is decreased obviously as oscillator quantity increases,
Out-of-roundness also will significantly be deteriorated, and widely different with interior directional diagram, and efficiency is greatly reduced；Second method is, by circle battle array
In half-wave dipole unit become full-wave dipole (full-wavelength dipole,L≈1.0·λ).Since full-wave dipole increases
Benefit about 1.8dBi higher than half-wave dipole, therefore array gain accordingly also increases 1.8dBi, and greatest irradiation is in horizontal plane.However,
Since full-wave dipole length is about twice of half-wave dipole, circle battle array diameter is also increase accordingly by about one time, and oscillator unit quantity is reduced,
Array efficiency improves, and designing impedance matching is more simple.But only drawback is that, the horizontally polarized omnidirectional battle array of full-wave dipole
The horizontal out-of-roundness of column is poor.It can be said that its gain promotion is to sacrifice the omni-directional of horizontal plane (out-of-roundness) and bring.To sum up
Described, half-wave dipole circle array gain is low, out-of-roundness is good, diameter is small, and full-wave dipole circle battle array is then just the opposite.If we take long benefit
It is short, by the horizontally polarized omnidirectional array of the two combination construction, then justify the advantages of battle array is provided simultaneously with high-gain and omni-directional.This technology
The successful realization of thinking, has further pushed the progress of horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna technology, has great theory significance and engineering
Application value.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna, the antenna
For the novel all-wave half-wave mixing Alford for having both both half-wave dipole Alford ring and full-wave dipole Alford loop antenna advantage
Loop antenna, it is intended to provide a kind of miniaturization, broadband, high-gain, omni-directional, height for the omni-base station array antenna of cellular communication
Efficiency, low intermodulation and highly reliable, structure be simple, low cost, horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna unit easy to produce, and is (super)
Width/narrow-band, the design of H/V dual-polarization omnidirectional antenna and improvement provide beneficial reference method.
To realize the above-mentioned technical purpose, used technical solution is: super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna, packet
Include Alford loop antenna and coaxial cable:
Alford loop antenna is that three all-wave half-wave mixing oscillators being arranged on the circular media layer with a thickness of T are spaced by 120 °
Loop aerial made of the connection of angle center merges；
Coaxial cable connect with Alford loop antenna center and feeds to Alford loop antenna；
The all-wave half-wave mixing oscillator includes circular arc oscillator, flat shape two-conductor feeder line, short-circuit minor matters and open circuit minor matters；
The circular arc oscillator is the all-wave arc oscillator using the center of Alford loop antenna as arc core, the radius of circular arc oscillatorR 1
For (0.35 ~ 0.45) ×λ c, widthW 1 For (0.015 ~ 0.045) ×λ c, center arc lengthS 1 For (0.75 ~ 0.95) ×λ c, center arc
Degreeθ 1 =115 ° ± 15 °, circular arc oscillator is broken as the symmetrical oscillator upper arm in left and right by centre and oscillator lower arm forms, on oscillator
Vertical interval between arm and oscillator lower arm is T, and the outer side center of circular arc oscillator opens up a circular lance, and circular lance is symmetrically opened
It is located on oscillator upper arm and oscillator lower arm, the center arc length of circular lance, width are the center arc length of circular arc oscillator, width
0.20 ~ 0.33 times, 0.35 ~ 0.65 times；
The upper and lower conductor of the flat shape two-conductor feeder line is made of the wide transforming section of Length discrepancy, flat shape two-conductor feeder line
The head end of upper and lower conductor is located at Alford loop antenna center, and tail end extends to the gap of circular arc oscillator, makes flat shape is double to lead
The upper and lower conductor of body feeder line is generally aligned in the same plane with the upper and lower arm of oscillator respectively, and is connected respectively with oscillator upper arm and oscillator lower arm
Connect, the tail end of the upper and lower conductor of flat shape two-conductor feeder line respectively to the right, left side offset be not overlapped, the flat shape of remaining position is double
The upper and lower conductor of conductor feeder line coincides；
The short-circuit minor matters be half-wave dipole, the upper and lower minor matters coincidence symmetrical above and below of short-circuit minor matters, short-circuit minor matters it is upper and lower
Minor matters are symmetrical set the medium position in flat shape two-conductor feeder line by line of symmetry of flat shape two-conductor feeder line, and respectively with
The upper and lower conductor of flat shape two-conductor feeder line connects, the upper and lower minor matters short circuit connection of short-circuit minor matters end, the center of short-circuit minor matters
The distance between Alford loop antenna centerR 2 For (0.15 ~ 0.25) ×λ c, widthW 2 For (0.001 ~ 0.01) ×λ c, center
Arc lengthS 2 For (0.25 ~ 0.35) ×λ c；
The open circuit minor matters are arranged on the flat shape two-conductor feeder line between short-circuit minor matters and circular arc oscillator, and minor matters of opening a way are by two
The oppositely oriented upper and lower minor matters composition of item, the upper minor matters for minor matters of opening a way and the lower minor matters of open circuit minor matters are simultaneously presented with flat shape two-conductor
Line is symmetrical set for line of symmetry, and the upper and lower minor matters upper and lower conductor with flat shape two-conductor feeder line respectively for the minor matters that make to open a way
Connection, open circuit minor matters are arc minor matters, the distance between center and Alford loop antenna center of minor matters of opening a wayR 3 For (0.25 ~
0.35) ×λ c, widthW 3 For (0.001 ~ 0.008) ×λ c, center arc lengthS 3 For (0.15 ~ 0.25) ×λ c。
Short circuit minor matters of the present invention are arc minor matters or linear type minor matters.
Short circuit minor matters of the present invention are the arc-shaped minor matters using the center of Alford loop antenna as arc core.
Open circuit minor matters of the present invention are the arc-shaped minor matters using the center of Alford loop antenna as arc core.
Short circuit minor matters center of the present invention radianθ 2 =85°±10°。
The center radian of open circuit minor matters of the present inventionθ 3 =45±5°。
The present invention, which is printed entire Alford loop antenna integration using PCB printing technology, to be shaped, or uses sheet metal process
Alford loop antenna is integrally machined forming, the two-arm up and down of Alford loop antenna is with air-gap separately and with medium block or spiral shell
Nail is fixed, supports.
Dielectric constant=1 ~ 20 of dielectric layer material of the present invention, the various medium bases as including air
Material.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: by taking following measures: 1) (the circular arc vibration of the full-wave dipole on the circle each arm of battle array
Son) inside, circle battle array medium position, add the half-wave dipole unit of a pair of of end short circuit；2) it is arranged on the outside of half-wave dipole unit
One open-circuit minor matters；3) array is used is fed with parallel two conductor transmission line, and transmission line is made of the wide transforming section of more piece Length discrepancy,
Two-conductor or so up and down of outermost section transforming section deviates, and non-central coincidence；4) arc is opened in the outside among circular arc oscillator
Notch.By optimization full-wave dipole, half-wave dipole, the minor matters and twin lead of opening a way geometric parameter, the present invention realizes
The ultra wide bandwidth (1.70-2.2GHz, VSWR≤2.1, BW=500MHz, >=25.64%) of Alford loop antenna unit, higher increasing
Benefit (G=1.1-2.75dBi), good level omni-directional (high frequency out-of-roundness < 3.25dB), high efficiency (η A >=87%), high power holds
Amount, and simple feed design, lesser diameter ((0.7-0.9) ×λ C ,λ C For center frequency wavelength) and ultralow section (≈
0.00975×λ C ).Compared to half-wave dipole, full-wave dipole scheme, the hybrid plan of the two advantage is combined, overall gain compares half-wave
Oscillator scheme promotes 1 ~ 1.5dBi, about 1dBi lower than full-wave dipole scheme, and horizontal gain is then all significantly improved compared with two schemes；It is horizontal
Out-of-roundness about 0.5dB poorer than half-wave scheme then at least improves 3dB than all-wave scheme, and high frequency even improves 20dB or more；Efficiency compared with
Half-wave scheme raising 10 ~ 15%, it is higher than all-wave scheme by about 3 ~ 5%；Diameter is smaller than all-wave scheme about than half-wave scheme about 40 ~ 50%
7~10%.On the whole, it is mixed with new departure of full-wave dipole and half-wave dipole, is truly realized and has merged outside the two advantage room
Purpose so that Alford loop antenna technology obtains new breakthrough again, and will greatly expand its engineer application.
In addition, this method also has, thinking novelty, clear principle, method is pervasive, realization is simple, it is inexpensive, be suitble to batch
The features such as production is the horizontally polarized omnidirectional preferred embodiment of broadband, high-gain, high efficiency, high intermodulation, low cost.Moreover,
Array antenna horizontally polarized omnidirectional for wide band high-gain, multiband horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna and wide band high-gain H/V are bis-
The design and improvement of polarized omnidirectional antenna are also applicable and effective.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that rectangular coordinate system used by antenna model defines.
Fig. 2 is the top view for the Alford loop antenna model that hexa-atomic half-wave dipole is constituted.
Fig. 3 is the top view of the all-wave half-wave mixing oscillator of one arm of super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna.
Fig. 4 is the all-wave half-wave mixing oscillator side view of one arm of super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna.
Fig. 5 is the top view of super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna model.
Fig. 6 is the side view of super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna model.
Fig. 7 is the input impedance of super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antennaZ in Frequency characteristic.
Fig. 8 is the standing-wave ratio VSWR curve of super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna.
Fig. 9 is the reflection coefficient of super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna |S 11 | curve.
Figure 10 is that super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna existsf 1 The gain pattern of=1.70GHz.
Figure 11 is that super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna existsf 2 The gain pattern of=1.95GHz.
Figure 12 is that super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna existsf 3 The gain pattern of=2.20GHz.
Figure 13 is the gain G of super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna with frequency f variation characteristic.
Figure 14 is the face the H out-of-roundness of super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna with frequency f change curve.
Figure 15 is the face E- (vertical plane) the half-power beam width HBPW of super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna with frequency f
Variation characteristic.
Figure 16 is the efficiency of super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antennaη A With frequencyfChange curve.
This paper attached drawing is and to constitute part of specification for being further described and understanding to of the invention, with this
The specific embodiment of invention is used to explain the present invention together, but is not construed as limiting the invention or is limited.
Specific embodiment
Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawing, in order to explain the technical scheme of the invention in detail.Here, will
Providing respective drawings, the present invention is described in detail.It should be strongly noted that preferred implementation example as described herein is only
For instruction and explanation of the present invention, the present invention is not limited to or limited.
Super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna, including Alford loop antenna and coaxial cable 60.
Alford loop antenna is ternary all-wave half-wave mixing element antenna, and Alford loop antenna is to be arranged in a thickness of T's
Loop aerial made of three all-wave half-wave mixing oscillators on circular media layer are merged by 120 ° of angular interval center connections；I.e. three
The flat shape two-conductor feeder line 20 of a all-wave half-wave mixing oscillator connects at the center of Alford loop antenna, two-by-two the connection of 120 ° of gap
It is split into an antenna for annular, the outer edge of dielectric layer is just the outer edge of all-wave half-wave mixing oscillator, Alford ring day
The center 206 of line or the center of circle are feeding point, as shown in figure 5, the center of the coaxial cable 60 of 50 Ω of standard and Alford loop antenna
It connects and is fed to Alford loop antenna, the internal and external conductor of coaxial cable is separately connected two arm center up and down of Alford loop antenna
Pad.
As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, single all-wave half-wave mixing oscillator include circular arc oscillator 10, flat shape two-conductor feeder line 20,
Short-circuit minor matters 30 and open circuit minor matters 40；Circular arc oscillator is full-wave dipole, and short-circuit minor matters are half-wave dipole, is presented using flat shape two-conductor
Line feeds circular arc oscillator, short-circuit minor matters and open circuit minor matters.
Circular arc oscillator 10 is using the center of Alford loop antenna as the all-wave of arc core arc-shaped oscillator the half of circular arc oscillator 10
DiameterR 1 For (0.35 ~ 0.45) ×λ c, widthW 1 For (0.015 ~ 0.045) ×λ c, center arc lengthS 1 For (0.75 ~ 0.95) ×λ c, in
Heart radianθ 1 =115 ° ± 15 °, circular arc oscillator 10 is broken as left and right symmetrical oscillator upper arm 101 and oscillator lower arm 102 by centre
Composition, i.e., oscillator upper arm 101 and oscillator lower arm 102 when can be seen that vertical view from the depression angle of Fig. 3 are in the shape of split
State, and from fig. 4, it can be seen that vertical interval when side view between oscillator upper arm 101 and oscillator lower arm 102 is T, circular arc oscillator 10
Outer side center open up a circular lance 111, circular lance 111 is symmetrically provided on oscillator upper arm 101 and oscillator lower arm 102,
I.e. circular lance 111 respectively opens up half in the upper and lower arm of oscillator, and the center arc length of circular lance 111, width are circular arc oscillator 10
Center arc length, 0.20 ~ 0.33 times, 0.35 ~ 0.65 times of width；
Each corresponding circular arc oscillator 10 of flat shape two-conductor feeder line 20, three flat shape two-conductor feeder lines are in Alford loop antenna
Center connection, i.e., the upper and lower conductor of three flat shape two-conductor feeder lines are separately connected, the upper and lower conductor of flat shape two-conductor feeder line 20
It is made of the wide transforming section of Length discrepancy, the head end of the upper and lower conductor of flat shape two-conductor feeder line 20 is located in Alford loop antenna
At the heart, it is connect with the flat shape two-conductor feeder line of other two all-wave half-wave mixing oscillator, tail end extends to circular arc oscillator 10
Gap is generally aligned in the same plane the upper and lower conductor of flat shape two-conductor feeder line 20 with the upper and lower arm of oscillator respectively, and respectively with vibration
Sub- upper arm 101 and oscillator lower arm 102 connect, i.e., the vertical interval between the upper and lower conductor of flat shape two-conductor feeder line 20 is T, put down
The tail end of the upper and lower conductor of shape two-conductor feeder line 20 respectively to the right, left side offset be not overlapped, the flat shape two-conductor of remaining position
The upper and lower conductor of feeder line 20 coincides, as shown in figure 3, upper conductor tail end 201 and lower conductor tail end 207 are not overlapped when looking down,
The two is in the state of phase split；
As shown in figure 4, being equipped with short-circuit minor matters and at least one open circuit minor matters, short circuit on a flat shape two-conductor feeder line 20
Minor matters 30 be half-wave dipole, the upper and lower minor matters coincidence symmetrical above and below of short-circuit minor matters 30, the upper and lower minor matters of short-circuit minor matters 30 with
Flat shape two-conductor feeder line 20 is that line of symmetry is symmetrical set the medium position in flat shape two-conductor feeder line 20, which refers to
Be flat shape two-conductor feeder line 20 close to most intermediate position, such as at the 1/3-2/3 of flat shape two-conductor feeder line, short-circuit branch
The upper and lower minor matters of section 30 are connect with the upper and lower conductor of flat shape two-conductor feeder line 20 respectively, the upper and lower branch of short-circuit 30 end of minor matters
The central point of section short circuit connection, the i.e. upper minor matters 301 of short circuit is connected with the upper conductor of flat shape two-conductor feeder line 20, and according to flat shape
Two-conductor feeder line 20 is symmetricly set on the two sides of flat shape two-conductor feeder line 20 as line of symmetry, and the lower minor matters 303 of short circuit are when looking down
It is completely coincident with minor matters 301 in short circuit, the central point of the lower minor matters 303 of short circuit is connected with the lower conductor of flat shape two-conductor feeder line 20
It connects, the both ends of the lower minor matters 303 of short circuit and the upper minor matters 301 of short circuit offer the short-circuit via hole 302 of metallization, utilize metallization short circuit
Via hole 302 carries out the distance between short circuit, the center and Alford loop antenna center of short-circuit minor matters 30R 2 For (0.15 ~ 0.25) ×λ c, widthW 2 For (0.001 ~ 0.01) ×λ c, center arc lengthS 2 For (0.25 ~ 0.35) ×λ c；
Open circuit minor matters 40 are arranged on the flat shape two-conductor feeder line 20 between short-circuit minor matters 30 and circular arc oscillator 10, minor matters 40 of opening a way
It is made of two oppositely oriented upper and lower minor matters, optimal design form is, under minor matters 40 of opening a way, the rotation direction of lower minor matters and institute
Connection flat shape two-conductor feeder line 20 upper and lower conductor tail end offset direction on the contrary, as shown, upper conductor tail end 201 to
Right avertence is moved, and (clockwise) rotation direction, lower conductor tail end 207 deviate minor matters 401 to the left to the left in open circuit, opens a way lower minor matters 402 to the right
(counterclockwise) rotation direction, open a way minor matters 40 upper minor matters and open circuit minor matters 40 lower minor matters and be symmetrical with flat shape two-conductor feeder line 20
Line is symmetrical set, and connects the upper and lower minor matters of open circuit minor matters 40 with the upper and lower conductor of flat shape two-conductor feeder line 20 respectively
It connects, open circuit minor matters 40 are the distance between arc minor matters, the center and Alford loop antenna center of minor matters 40 of opening a wayR 3 It is (0.25
~ 0.35) ×λ c, widthW 3 For (0.001 ~ 0.008) ×λ c, center arc lengthS 3 For (0.15 ~ 0.25) ×λ c。
Preferably, short-circuit minor matters 30 are arc minor matters or linear type minor matters.
Preferably, short-circuit minor matters 30 are the arc-shaped minor matters using the center of Alford loop antenna as arc core, i.e., short-circuit minor matters
30 be a part of positive round, and the center of Alford loop antenna is the center of circle of positive round, the center and Alford ring day of short-circuit minor matters 30
The distance between line centerR 2 The as radius of positive round.
Preferably, open circuit minor matters 40 are the arc-shaped minor matters using the center of Alford loop antenna as arc core, i.e. open circuit minor matters
40 be a part of semicircle, and the center of Alford loop antenna is the center of circle of positive round, the center and Alford ring day of minor matters 40 of opening a way
The distance between line centerR 3 The as radius of positive round.
Preferably, short-circuit 30 center radian of minor mattersθ 2 =85°±10°。
Preferably, the center radian for minor matters 40 of opening a wayθ 3 =45±5°。
Entire Alford loop antenna integration is printed using PCB printing technology and is shaped, or will using sheet metal process
Alford loop antenna is integrally machined forming, and the two-arm up and down of Alford loop antenna is with air-gap separately and with medium block or screw
Fixed, support.
Dielectric constant=1 ~ 20 of dielectric layer material, the various media substrates as including air, such as Rogers system
Column, Taconic series and Arlon series.
The design method of the super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna the following steps are included:
Step 1 establishes rectangular coordinate system in space, sees Fig. 1；
Step 2 constructs the Alford ring arm of all-wave half-wave mixing oscillator.In XOY plane, with coordinate originOFor the center of circle, withR 1
≈ (0.35 ~ 0.45) ×λ c(λ cFor center frequency wavelength) it is that radius one width of work isW 1 Circular arc oscillator (W 1 ≈ (0.015 ~
0.045) ×λ c), center arc lengthS 1 ≈ (0.75 ~ 0.95) ×λ c, circular arc oscillator 10, which is therefrom interrupted, is split into left and right two-arm, oscillator
Lower arm 102 and oscillator upper arm 101, then by oscillator lower arm 102 downward (-ZAxis direction) moving distanceT, so that 101,102 points of two-arm
It Wei Yu not upper and lower two planes.Then, with the center of circleOFor endpoint, along+XAxis direction makees a pair of flat shape two-conductor feeder line 20,
Upper and lower conductor is generally aligned in the same plane with the upper and lower arm of circular arc oscillator respectively, and flat shape two-conductor feeder line 20 is by the wide transformation of more piece Length discrepancy
Section (201,202,203,204,205,207) composition, the upper conductor of flat shape two-conductor feeder line 20 is by 201,202,203,204,205
Composition, the lower conductor of flat shape two-conductor feeder line 20 are formed by 207,202,203,204,205, and wherein upper conductor tail end 201 is under
Conductor tail end 207 is deviated toward the left and right sides respectively, and upper lower conductor is completely coincident no longer as transforming section 202 ~ 205.In order to
It is further tuned impedance and improves directional diagram, further add a pair of arc-shaped short-circuit minor matters respectively on parallel two-conductor feeder line
30 and open circuit minor matters 40.Wherein, short-circuit minor matters 30 are close to feeder line middle position, the radius of short-circuit minor matters 30R 2 ≈ (0.15 ~
0.25) ×λ c, center arc lengthS 2 ≈ (0.25 ~ 0.35) ×λ c, widthW 2 ≈ (0.001 ~ 0.01) ×λ c；Short-circuit minor matters 30 are by upper
Symmetrical two minor matters are constituted a pair of down, minor matters 301 and lower 302 both ends of the minor matters short circuit up and down of short circuit in short circuit；Minor matters in open circuit
401, lower minor matters 402 of opening a way then are located among short-circuit minor matters 30 and circular arc oscillator 10, wherein upper 401 rotation direction of minor matters of opening a way is up time
Needle, lower 402 rotation direction of minor matters of opening a way is counterclockwise, the complete bilateral symmetry of two minor matters, the radius for minor matters of opening a wayR 3 ≈ (0.25 ~ 0.35)
×λ c, center arc lengthS 3 ≈ (0.15 ~ 0.25) ×λ c, widthW 3 ≈ (0.001 ~ 0.008) ×λ c.All-wave circular arc oscillator, parallel pair
After conductor feeder line, half-wave short circuit minor matters and open circuit minor matters are all linked together, structure just constitutes the Alford of Alford loop antenna
Ring arm.Finally, open a circular lance 111 in the outside middle position of the upper and lower arm of oscillator of circular arc oscillator, circular lance 111 its
Arc length and width are respectively 0.20 ~ 0.33 times, 0.35 ~ 0.65 times of all-wave circular arc oscillator arc length and width, such as the part of Fig. 3 ~ 4
Shown in 101 ~ 102,111,201 ~ 206,301 ~ 302 and 401 ~ 402；
Step 3, Alford ring arm constitute complete Alford loop antenna.By the all-wave half-wave mixing oscillator antenna feeder one of step 2
Body Alford ring arm unit, edgeZAxis swivel replicationN=3It is secondary, and three parts are merged into a single whole, form an angular intervalθ=
120 °ThreeThe Alford loop antenna that first all-wave, half-wave dipole mix, i.e. super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna.So
Afterwards, it between the gap of two conductor of oscillator two-arm and feeder line, fills one layer of dielectric constant and loss angle is respectively the medium of ε r, tan δ
Layer 50, the thickness of dielectric layer 50 be equal to oscillator two-arm between the upper and lower away fromT, outer edge is circle.In three pairs of parallel two-conductor feeder lines
Each short-circuit minor matters latter end, there is the short-circuit via hole of metallization to pass through dielectric layer, as Fig. 5 ~ 6 part 101 ~ 102,201 ~ 207,301 ~
Shown in 302 and 401 ~ 402；
Step 4, array center's coaxial feeding.With 50 Ω coaxial cables 60 of a standard, connect in Alford loop antenna
206 feeding point of the heart, internal and external conductor are respectively welded on the upper and lower surface pad of dielectric layer 50, see the part 206,50,60 of Fig. 6
It is shown.
Preferably, the super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna, byN=3A all-wave circular arc oscillator Unit 10 are coplanar
Alford ring battle array is lined up, circular arc oscillator is arc-shaped, center radiusR 1 ≈ (0.35 ~ 0.45) ×λ c, center arc lengthS 1 ≈
(0.75 ~ 0.95) ×λ c, center radianθ 1 =115 ° ± 15 °, oscillator widthW 1 ≈ (0.015 ~ 0.045) ×λ c)；In oscillator two-arm
Outside middle position open a circular-arc cut, arc length and width are respectively the 0.20 ~ 0.33 of full-wave dipole arc length and width
Again, 0.35 ~ 0.65 times.
Preferably, short-circuit branch is arranged in the super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna on parallel two-conductor feeder line
Section and an open-circuit minor matters, short-circuit minor matters are close to feeder line middle position, radiusR 2 ≈ (0.15 ~ 0.25) ×λ c, center arc lengthS 2
≈ (0.25 ~ 0.35) ×λ c, center radianθ 2 =85 ° ± 10 °, widthW 2 ≈ (0.001 ~ 0.01) ×λ c；Short-circuit minor matters include upper
Symmetrical two minor matters down, their end pass through metallization VIA short circuit up and down；Minor matters of opening a way are located at short-circuit minor matters and circular arc
Among oscillator, wherein upper minor matters rotation direction of opening a way be it is clockwise, minor matters are then counterclockwise under open circuit, and two minor matters are full symmetric, radiusR 3 ≈ (0.25 ~ 0.35) ×λ c, center arc lengthS 3 ≈ (0.15 ~ 0.25) ×λ c, center radianθ 3 =45 ° ± 5 °, widthW 3 ≈
(0.001 ~ 0.008) ×λ c。
Fig. 7 is the input impedance of super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antennaZ in Frequency characteristic.Wherein, horizontal axis
(X-axis) is frequencyf, unit GHz；The longitudinal axis (Y-axis) is impedanceZ in , unit Ω;Solid line indicates real partR in , dotted line expression void
PortionX in .Known by figure, in 1.70 ~ 2.20GHz frequency range, real and imaginary parts variation range be respectively as follows :+26.5 ~+90 Ω and -20 ~+
28.8 Ω have apparent broadband impedance characteristic.
Fig. 8 is the standing-wave ratio VSWR curve of super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna.Wherein, horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequency
Ratef, unit GHz；The longitudinal axis (Y-axis) is VSWR.Known by figure, antenna is at LTE frequency range (1.70 ~ 2.20GHz, BW=500MHz), in fact
Good impedance matching, standing-wave ratio VSWR≤2.1 are showed, minimum reaches 1.30, and relative bandwidth 25.64% realizes ultra wide band
Work.
Fig. 9 is the reflection coefficient of super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna |S 11 | curve.Wherein, horizontal axis (X-axis) is
Frequencyf, unit GHz；The longitudinal axis (Y-axis) isS 11 Amplitude |S 11 |, unit dB.Known by figure, antenna LTE frequency range (1.70 ~
2.20GHz, BW=500MHz), good impedance matching is realized, reflection coefficient |S 11 |≤- 8.5dB, minimum reachable -19dB, phase
25.64% is wider than to band, realizes ultra wide band work.
Figure 10 is that super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna existsf 1 The gain pattern of=1.70GHz.Wherein, solid line
It indicates the face E (horizontal plane), dotted line indicates the face H (vertical plane)；Three lobe shapes are presented in the face E, and out-of-roundness is less than 1.20dB, horizontal homogeneous
Property is preferable, and H surface wave beam is wider, HPBW=118 °, gainG=1.90dBi, than conventional half wave oscillator constitute Alford loop antenna extremely
Few high 1.0dBi.
Figure 11 is that super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna existsf 2 The gain pattern of=1.95GHz.Wherein, solid line
It indicates the face E (horizontal plane), dotted line indicates the face H (vertical plane)；Three lobe shapes are presented in the face E, and out-of-roundness is less than 1.75dB, horizontal homogeneous
Property is preferable, and H surface wave beam is wider, HPBW=123 °, gainG=2.25dBi, than conventional half wave oscillator constitute Alford loop antenna extremely
Few high 1.0dBi.
Figure 12 is that super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna existsf 3 The gain pattern of=2.20GHz.Wherein, solid line
It indicates the face E (horizontal plane), dotted line indicates the face H (vertical plane)；Three lobe shapes are presented in the face E, and out-of-roundness is less than 3.25dB, horizontal homogeneous
Property is poor, and H surface wave beam is wider, HPBW=134.5 °, gainG=2.75dBi, the Alford loop antenna constituted than conventional half wave oscillator
At least high 1.5dBi.
Figure 13 is the gain of super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antennaGWith frequencyfVariation characteristic.Wherein, horizontal axis (X
Axis) it is frequencyf, unit GHz；The longitudinal axis (Y-axis) is gainG, unit is dBi；Solid line is maximum gainG m , dotted line is horizontal increases
BenefitG H (Theta=90 °, XOY plane), is known by figure, with interior maximum gainGm, horizontal gainG H Variation range is respectively as follows: 1.1 ~
2.73dBi and 0.70 ~ 2.73 dBi, overall gain and horizontal gain are higher, and most of band gain is in 2dBi or so, only high frequency
Gain is relatively low in the very narrow-band of one of section, this is because the preferable reason of out-of-roundness；Overall gain and horizontal gain are shaken than half-wave
The high 1dBi or more of subarray, high-frequency gain then 1dBi lower than full-wave dipole array or so, is also due to the preferable reason of out-of-roundness.
Figure 14 is the face the H out-of-roundness of super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna with frequencyfChange curve.Wherein, horizontal
Axis (X-axis) is frequencyf, unit GHz；The longitudinal axis (Y-axis) is out-of-roundness, unit degree of being dB.Known by figure, it is horizontal in entire frequency band
Face (face H) directional diagram out-of-roundness (omni-directional or uniformity) be 0.5 ~ 3.25dB, most of frequency range be less than 1.8dB, and low frequency it is good,
High frequency difference；Low frequency has comparatively ideal horizontal homogeneous radiation characteristic, and high frequency is then slightly worse.On the whole, out-of-roundness level and half-wave
Layered transducer elements are suitable, are but much better than full-wave dipole array, and significant three lobe or three sector characteristics is presented in high frequency in the latter.
Figure 15 be super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna the face E- (vertical plane) half-power beam width HBPW with
FrequencyfVariation characteristic.Wherein, horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyf, unit GHz；The longitudinal axis (Y-axis) is beam angle, unit degree of being
(deg).Known by figure, the face E half-power wave is wide are as follows: HPBW=118o~134.5o, E surface wave is wide, and smaller with interior difference, explanation
Change in gain is smaller.
Figure 16 is the efficiency of super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antennaη A With frequencyfChange curve.Wherein, horizontal axis (X
Axis) it is frequencyf, unit GHz；The longitudinal axis (Y-axis) is efficiency.Known by figure, in entire frequency band, antenna efficiencyη A >=87%, up to
To 98%, the Alford loop antenna constituted than conventional half wave oscillator at least improves 15%.
By optimizing the geometric parameter of all-wave circular arc oscillator, half-wave short circuit minor matters, the minor matters and parallel two-conductor feeder line of opening a way,
The present invention realize Alford loop antenna unit ultra wide bandwidth (1.70-2.2GHz, VSWR≤2.1, BW=500MHz,
25.64%), higher gain (G=1.1-2.75dBi), good level omni-directional (high frequency out-of-roundness < 3.25dB), high efficiency (η A
>=87%), high power capacity, and simple feed design, lesser diameter (≈ 0.774 ×λ C ,λ C For center frequency wavelength)
With ultralow section (≈ 0.00975 ×λ C ).Compared to half-wave dipole or full-wave dipole scheme, the mixing side of the two advantage is combined
Case, overall gain promote 1 ~ 1.5dBi than half-wave dipole scheme, and about 1dBi lower than full-wave dipole scheme, horizontal gain is then compared with two schemes
All significantly improve；Horizontal out-of-roundness about 0.5dB poorer than half-wave scheme then at least improves 3dB than all-wave scheme, and high frequency even improves
20dB or more；Efficiency is higher than all-wave scheme by about 3 ~ 5% compared with half-wave scheme raising 10 ~ 15%；Diameter than half-wave scheme about 40 ~
50%, it is smaller than all-wave scheme by about 7 ~ 10%.On the whole, it is mixed with new departure of full-wave dipole and half-wave dipole, is truly realized
Purpose outside the two advantage room has been merged, so that Alford loop antenna technology obtains new breakthrough again, and it will have been greatly expanded
Engineer application.
Claims (8)
1. super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna, including Alford loop antenna and coaxial cable (60): it is characterized by:
Alford loop antenna is that three all-wave half-wave mixing oscillators being arranged on the circular media layer with a thickness of T are spaced by 120 °
Loop aerial made of the connection of angle center merges；
Coaxial cable (60) connect with Alford loop antenna center and feeds to Alford loop antenna；
The all-wave half-wave mixing oscillator include circular arc oscillator (10), flat shape two-conductor feeder line (20), short-circuit minor matters (30) and
It opens a way minor matters (40)；
The circular arc oscillator (10) is the all-wave arc oscillator using the center of Alford loop antenna as arc core, circular arc oscillator (10)
RadiusR 1 For (0.35 ~ 0.45) ×λ c, widthW 1 For (0.015 ~ 0.045) ×λ c, center arc lengthS 1 For (0.75 ~ 0.95) ×λ c, center radianθ 1 =115 ° ± 15 °, circular arc oscillator (10) is broken as the symmetrical oscillator upper arm (101) in left and right and vibration by centre
Sub- lower arm (102) composition, the vertical interval between oscillator upper arm (101) and oscillator lower arm (102) are T, circular arc oscillator (10)
Outer side center opens up a circular lance (111), and circular lance (111) are symmetrically provided with oscillator upper arm (101) and oscillator lower arm
(102) on, the center arc length of circular lance (111), width be the center arc length of circular arc oscillator (10), width 0.20 ~ 0.33
Again, 0.35 ~ 0.65 times；
The upper and lower conductor of the flat shape two-conductor feeder line (20) is made of the wide transforming section of Length discrepancy, flat shape two-conductor feedback
The head end of the upper and lower conductor of line (20) is located at Alford loop antenna center, and tail end extends to the disconnection of circular arc oscillator (10)
Place, be generally aligned in the same plane the upper and lower conductor of flat shape two-conductor feeder line (20) with the upper and lower arm of oscillator respectively, and respectively with oscillator
Upper arm (101) and oscillator lower arm (102) connection, the tail end of the upper and lower conductor of flat shape two-conductor feeder line (20) respectively to the right, it is left
Side offset is not overlapped, and the upper and lower conductor of the flat shape two-conductor feeder line (20) of remaining position coincides；
The short-circuit minor matters (30) are half-wave dipole, the upper and lower minor matters coincidence symmetrical above and below of short-circuit minor matters (30), short-circuit minor matters
(30) upper and lower minor matters are that line of symmetry is symmetrical set in flat shape two-conductor feeder line (20) with flat shape two-conductor feeder line (20)
Medium position, and connect respectively with the upper and lower conductor of flat shape two-conductor feeder line (20), short-circuit minor matters (30) end it is upper and lower
Minor matters short circuit connection, the distance between center and Alford loop antenna center of short-circuit minor matters (30)R 2 For (0.15 ~ 0.25) ×λ c, widthW 2 For (0.001 ~ 0.01) ×λ c, center arc lengthS 2 For (0.25 ~ 0.35) ×λ c；
The flat shape two-conductor feeder line that the open circuit minor matters (40) are arranged between short-circuit minor matters (30) and circular arc oscillator (10)
(20) on, open circuit minor matters (40) is made of two oppositely oriented upper and lower minor matters, the upper minor matters and open circuit branch of open circuit minor matters (40)
It saves the lower minor matters of (40) and is symmetrical set with flat shape two-conductor feeder line (20) for line of symmetry, and make open a way minor matters (40)
Upper and lower minor matters are connect with the upper and lower conductor of flat shape two-conductor feeder line (20) respectively, and open circuit minor matters (40) is arc minor matters, open circuit
The distance between center and Alford loop antenna center of minor matters (40)R 3 For (0.25 ~ 0.35) ×λ c, widthW 3 For (0.001 ~
0.008) ×λ c, center arc lengthS 3 For (0.15 ~ 0.25) ×λ c。
2. super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the short-circuit minor matters
It (30) is arc minor matters or linear type minor matters.
3. super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: the short-circuit minor matters
(30) it is arc-shaped minor matters using the center of Alford loop antenna as arc core.
4. super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the open circuit minor matters
(40) it is arc-shaped minor matters using the center of Alford loop antenna as arc core.
5. super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the short-circuit minor matters
(30) center radianθ 2 =85°±10°。
6. super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the open circuit minor matters
(40) center radianθ 3 =45±5°。
7. super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: use PCB printer
Skill, which prints entire Alford loop antenna integration, to be shaped, or Alford loop antenna is integrally machined forming using sheet metal process,
The two-arm up and down of Alford loop antenna separately and with medium block or screw is fixed with air-gap, is supported.
8. super-wide band high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the dielectric layer material
Dielectric constant=1 ~ 20 of material, the various media substrates as including air.
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| CN110289489A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-09-27 | 宁波迈立杰电子有限公司 | Omnidirectional antenna |
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