CN105244607B - A kind of spiral loads high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antenna - Google Patents
A kind of spiral loads high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN105244607B CN105244607B CN201510772701.1A CN201510772701A CN105244607B CN 105244607 B CN105244607 B CN 105244607B CN 201510772701 A CN201510772701 A CN 201510772701A CN 105244607 B CN105244607 B CN 105244607B
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- 230000005404 monopole Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010415 tropism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 brass) Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006855 networking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000191 radiation effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
A kind of spiral loads high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antenna, if there are one round floor, a spiral loading radiator and multiple conductor stubs, the spiral loading radiator is arranged on the center on round floor, multiple conductor stubs are evenly distributed on the round floor around spiral loading radiator, spiral loading radiator is made of upper conductor section, spiral section and lower conductor section, upper conductor section is L-shaped and upper end with spiral section is connect, and lower conductor section is connect in inverted L-shaped and with the lower end of spiral section.Using the method for floor loading circumferential arrangement metal column, high-gain in monopole antenna narrowband, omni-directional, width E surface waves beam, low side/back lobe and high efficiency radiation are realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of mobile communication base stations and terminal antenna equipment and technology, are loaded more particularly to a kind of spiral
High-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antenna and its technology.
Background technology
Antenna is terminals in wireless communication systems equipment air interface connected to the network, therefore is whole system most critical
One of component, the quality of the good and bad directly decision communication quality of its performance.In mobile communication system, because of transmitting station and terminal
The being mutually shifted property of equipment, both sides are required to mounting omnidirectional antenna to remain to communicate when ensuring and being in arbitrary orientation relationship each other.
Therefore, omnidirectional antenna has a wide range of applications demand and is studied much, wherein singly/dipole antenna be invention earliest,
Most simple, the most widely used omnidirectional antenna type of structure.In addition, realize the same of omni-directional in dual-mode antenna azimuth plane or horizontal plane
When, it also requires its elevation angle face or vertical plane beam angle relatively narrow to realize higher gain, so as to improve communication efficiency and increases logical
Communication distance.However, list/dipole antenna is 0.25 due to its typical electrical lengthλWith 0.5λ, vertical plane wave beam is wider（E
Face, HBPW ≈ 78o）, gain therefore it is relatively low（G≈2.15 dBi）.In order to improve gain, list/dipole antenna usually will be multiple
Unit alinement battle array or composition planar array and postposition reflecting plate is further to improve gain.Array antenna feeding network is set
Meter is complicated, cost is higher, is suitable for wide scope wide area networking covering, such as large-scale macro base station antenna.Mobile terminal is due to volume, ruler
Very little limited, list/dipole omnidirectional antenna typically directly constructs array on unit, and concrete mode is loading phase inverter and increases
Electrical length so that electric current is more than 0.25λOr 0.5λStraight conductor section on keep in the same direction, so as to obtain similar conventional arrays
High-gain.The principle of phase inverter is to allow half-wavelength reverse current section radiation effect between two adjacent same direction current sections most
Weak, way of realization usually has spiral conducting line, bending conducting wire and lumped-circuit etc..Conducting wire bending size is larger, to bandwidth and side
Tropism tropism can also have an adverse effect；Lumped circuit element loading permissive waste is larger, larger to antenna efficiency loss, commonly uses
In miniaturization reception antenna design；And spiral loading becomes the first choice of inverter design because of its low-loss, weak radiation, small size
Scheme.However, being bent with geometry, spiral is also a kind of narrowband structure, can be substantially reduced the beamwidth of antenna.
Invention content
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of miniaturization, low section, high-gain, omni-directional, width E surface waves
Beam, low sidelobe/back lobe, high efficiency, the spiral of low cost loading monopole antenna, and be omnidirectional's list/dipole of more high-gain
Antenna optimization design provides effective reference method.
The used to solve above-mentioned technical problem technical solution of the present invention is：A kind of spiral loads high-gain omni directional monopoles
Sub-antenna, if there are one round floor, a spiral loading radiator and multiple conductor stubs, the spiral loading radiator is set
It puts at the center on round floor, multiple conductor stubs are evenly distributed on the round floor around spiral loading radiator, spiral
Loading radiator is made of upper conductor section, spiral section and lower conductor section, and upper conductor section is L-shaped and upper end with spiral section is connect,
Lower conductor section is connect in inverted L-shaped and with the lower end of spiral section.
Preferably, diameter to be led more than the metal of its ontology there are one the upper end settings of vertical portion in the upper conductor section
Body.
Preferably, diameter to be led more than the metal of its ontology there are one the middle part settings of vertical portion in the lower conductor section
Body.
Preferably, the electrical length of upper conductor section is 0.5 λ, and the electrical length of lower conductor section is 0.25 λ.
Preferably, the angle in the upper conductor section and lower conductor section between vertical portion and bending part is 99 °.
Preferably, the diameter rosette bigger than lower diameter there are one being set at the top of the conductor stub.
Preferably, the diameter of the conductor stub and spiral section, upper conductor section and lower conductor section in spiral loading radiator
Diameter it is identical.
Preferably, 3 times of a diameter of conductor stub diameter of the rosette.
Preferably, the height of the conductor stub is 0.225 λ, and the distance between conductor stub and the floor center of circle are 0.625
λ。
Preferably, the screw diameter of the spiral sectionD h =0.155·λ, conductor diameterD 1 =0.031·λ, helix angle be
7o―8o, spiral number of turns 2.
The circle floor is diameterD g =2·λRosette.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Due to reducing half height instead of vertical underarm with horizontal floor, monopole
The greatest irradiation direction of antenna can upwarp certain angle, and horizontal direction gain significantly reduces, and have larger side/back lobe, most
Eventually so that the communication efficiency of horizontal direction is deteriorated.Therefore, only E surface waves beam width is widened, can just overcomes this difficulty.This hair
The bright method for uniquely loading circumferential arrangement metal column using the spiral of structure loading radiator and floor, realizes monopole
High-gain, omni-directional, width E surface waves beam, low side/back lobe and high efficiency radiation in sub-antenna narrowband.Think in addition, this method also has
Road novelty, clear principle, method are pervasive, realize the features such as simple, the design for list/dipole omnidirectional antenna of more high-gain
It is also applicable and effective with improving.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the positive structure schematic that spiral loads radiator.
Fig. 2 is the side view that spiral loads radiator.
Fig. 3 is the overall structure diagram that spiral loads high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antenna.
Fig. 4 is the vertical view of antenna.
Fig. 5 is the side view of antenna.
Fig. 6 loads high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antenna input impedance for spiralZ in Frequency characteristic.
Fig. 7 is the reflectance factor that spiral loads high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antenna |S 11 | curve.
Fig. 8 loads high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antenna for spiral and existsf L The 2D reality gain patterns of=4.52 GHz.
Fig. 9 loads high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antenna for spiral and existsf L The 2D reality gain patterns of=4.65 GHz.
Figure 10 loads high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antenna for spiral and existsf L The 2D reality gain patterns of=4.73 GHz.
Figure 11 is the gain that spiral loads high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antennaG P With frequencyfChange curve.
Figure 12 is that spiral loads the half-power beam width HPBW of high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antenna with frequencyfVariation is bent
Line.
Figure 13 is the horizontal direction gain that spiral loads high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antennaG H With frequencyfChange curve
（Theta=90o, Phi=0o）.
Figure 14 is the efficiency that spiral loads high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antennaη A With frequencyfChange curve.
It is marked in figure：1st, spiral section, 2, lower conductor section, 3, upper conductor section, 4, the bending part of lower conductor section, 5, upper conductor
The bending part of section, 6, feeding coaxial lines, 7, conductor stub, 8, rosette, 9, round floor.
Specific embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention are illustrated below in conjunction with attached drawing and preferred embodiment.
Here, will spiral loading high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antenna be designed, and give based on 0.75 times of same direction current wavelength
Going out respective drawings, the present invention is described in detail.It should be strongly noted that preferred implementation example as described herein is only used
In the description and interpretation present invention, the present invention is not limited to or limited.
The spiral loading high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antenna of the present invention, if there are one round 9, spiral loading spokes in floor
Beam and multiple conductor stubs 7.Its material selection metal good conductor, such as red copper（Fine copper）, alloyed copper（Such as brass）, the systems such as fine aluminium
Make.The spiral loading radiator is arranged on the center on round floor 9, and multiple conductor stubs 7 are evenly distributed on spiral loading spoke
On round floor around beam, spiral loading radiator is made of 2 sections of upper conductor section 3, spiral section 1 and lower conductor, upper conductor
L-shaped and with spiral section the upper end of section is connect, and lower conductor section is connect in inverted L-shaped and with the lower end of spiral section.Feed is coaxial
The outer conductor of line is connect with round floor, and inner wire is connect with lower conductor section.
Preferably, the spiral loading radiator of the spiral loading high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antenna is using integrated molding work
Then skill is assembled into one with round floor, conductor stub and feeding coaxial lines again.Spiral loading high-gain omni directional monopoles day
The common connectors such as the practical 50 standard coaxial tape SMA, BNC fed of line, TNC, N-type.
Using rosette, diameter is typically no less than 1 λ, the present invention preferably diameter D on the circle floorg=2·λ。
Its thickness TgIt is typically small, usually<<1·λ.
Preferably, diameter to be led more than the metal of its ontology there are one the upper end settings of vertical portion in the upper conductor section
Body.There are one the metallic conductors that diameter is more than its ontology for the middle part setting of vertical portion in lower conductor section.By in lower conductor section
Stage casing and upper conductor section end load the conductor segment of larger diameter respectively, so as to increase bandwidth of operation（The MHz of BW=220,
4.76%）.
Preferably, the electrical length of upper conductor section is 0.5 λ, and the electrical length of lower conductor section is 0.25 λ.With above-mentioned loading bigger
For the mode of diameter conductor section.A diameter of D of lower conductor section body part1, the length difference of vertical portion and bending part
For L1And L2, the diameter and length of the metallic conductor that vertical portion middle part loads are respectively D2And L3, then L1+ L2+(D2- D1)
≈0.25·λ.A diameter of D of lower conductor section body part1, the length of vertical portion and bending part is respectively L2And L4, erect
The diameter and length of the metallic conductor of straight portion distal end loading are respectively D2And L5, then L2+ L4+ L5+(D2- 0.5·D1)≈
0.5·λ。
Preferably, the angle [alpha] in the upper conductor section and lower conductor section between vertical portion and bending part is 99 °.
Preferably, the height of conductor stub is 0.225 λ, and the distance between conductor stub and the floor center of circle are 0.625 λ.It leads
The quantity of body stub could be provided as 3,4,5 or more, preferably 6.
Preferably, it is set at the top of the conductor stub there are one the diameter rosette bigger than lower diameter, it preferably will be golden
Belong to the diameter D of diskdIt is set as conductor stub diameter D13 times, thickness HdWith round floor thick-ness TgUnanimously.
Preferably, the spiral section is using dextrorotation cylindrical screw from bottom to top, screw diameter Dh=0.155 λ, it leads
Body diameter D1=0.031 λ, helix angle are 7 ° -8 °, preferably 7.5 °, spiral number of turns 2.
The present invention by selecting suitable helix parameter, realize monopole at centre frequency 0.75 wavelength it is in the same direction
Current distribution, thus obtain high-gain horizontal omnidirectional radiation（GainGFor 5.15 dBi-6.25 dBi；Out-of-roundness low frequency is less than
0.9 dB, high frequency is close to positive round）；By selecting suitable ground board size, vertical stub and loading top plate parameter, after realizing
Effective inhibition of valve/sidelobe level（Low frequency secondary lobe disappears, and medium-high frequency secondary lobe/back lobe is reduced by about 5 dB）, be widened E faces half-power
Beam angle HPBW（Maximum broadening 12o）, and significantly improve the gain of horizontal direction（Minimum improves 6.25 dB, and maximum improves
15.45 dB）；The conductor segment of stage casing and end loading larger diameter is respectively adopted by loading upper conductor section under spiral, so as to increase
Bandwidth of operation is added（BW=220 MHz, 4.76%）.
Fig. 6 loads high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antenna input impedance for spiralZ in Frequency characteristic.Wherein, horizontal axis（X
Axis）It is frequencyf, unit GHz；The longitudinal axis（Y-axis）It is input impedanceZ in , unit Ω；Solid line represents real partR in , dotted line expression
Imaginary partX in ；Thick line represents stub loading, and filament indicates no stub loading.
Fig. 7 is the reflectance factor that spiral loads high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antenna |S 11 | curve.Wherein, horizontal axis（X-axis）It is
Frequencyf, unit GHz；The longitudinal axis（Y-axis）It isS 11 Amplitude |S 11 |, unit dB；Thick line represent stub loading, filament indicate without
Stub loads.Known by figure, stub is loaded in 4.52 GHz-4.74 GHz（BW=220 MHz, 4.76%）Realize matched well,
（|S 11 |≤-10 dB）, it is then slightly wider that no stub loads bandwidth.
Fig. 8 loads high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antenna for spiral and existsf L The 2D reality gain patterns of=4.52 GHz.Wherein,
Solid line represents H- faces（Phi planes；There are stub-Theta=- 38o, no stub-Theta=- 40o）, dotted line expression E- faces（Theta is put down
Face, Phi=90o）；Thick line represents stub loading（G=4.67 dBi, HPBW=52.75o）, filament indicates the loading of no stub（G=5.68
DBi, HPBW=42.62o）.After loading stub, secondary lobe disappears, and back lobe improves 4.6 dB.
Fig. 9 loads high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antenna for spiral and existsf L The 2D reality gain patterns of=4.65 GHz.Wherein,
Solid line represents H- faces（Phi planes；There are stub-Theta=- 36o, no stub-Theta=- 42o）, dotted line expression E- faces（Theta is put down
Face, Phi=90o）；Thick line represents stub loading（G=5.68 dBi, HPBW=45.32o）, filament indicates the loading of no stub（G=5.92
DBi, HPBW=41.96o）.After loading stub, secondary lobe improves 4.26 dB, and back lobe improves 5.25 dB.
Figure 10 loads high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antenna for spiral and existsf L The 2D reality gain patterns of=4.73 GHz.Wherein,
Solid line represents H- faces（Phi planes；There are stub-Theta=- 35o, no stub-Theta=44o）, dotted line expression E- faces（Theta is put down
Face, Phi=90o）；Thick line represents stub loading（G=6.03 dBi, HPBW=43.83o）, filament indicates the loading of no stub（G=5.86
DBi, HPBW=42. 76o）.After loading stub, secondary lobe and back lobe improve about 5 dB.
Figure 11 is the gain that spiral loads high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antennaG P With frequencyfChange curve.Thick line represents short
Stake loading（It is 5.15 dBi -6.25 dBi with interior gain, is gradually increased by low frequency to high-frequency gain）, filament indicates no stub
Loading（It is 6 dBi or so with interior gain, gain is varied less with frequency）.
Figure 12 is that spiral loads the half-power beam width HPBW of high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antenna with frequencyfVariation is bent
Line.Thick line represents stub loading（Low frequency HPBW=55o, high frequency HPBW=45o, minimum HPBW=43.8o）, filament indicates that no stub adds
It carries（Low frequency HPBW=43o, high frequency HPBW=40o, maximum HPBW=43.4o）.
Figure 13 is the horizontal direction gain that spiral loads high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antennaG H With frequencyfChange curve
（Theta=90o, Phi=0o）.Thick line represents stub loading, and filament indicates no stub loading.The former compares the latter, low frequencyG H Greatly
9.28 dBi, intermediate frequencyG H Big 15.45 dBi, high frequencyG H Big 6.25 dBi.
Figure 14 is the efficiency that spiral loads high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antennaη A With frequencyfChange curve.Thick line represents short
Stake loading, filament indicate no stub loading.Stub load and without stub loaded ribbon internal efficiency all more than 98%, but the former with frequency
Rate gradually increases, and the latter then declines with frequency linearity.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of spiral loads high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antenna, it is characterised in that：To add if there are one round floor, a spirals
Radiator and multiple conductor stubs are carried, the spiral loading radiator is arranged on the center on round floor, and multiple conductor stubs are equal
On the even round floor being distributed in around spiral loading radiator, and it is connected as one with round floor；Spiral loads radiator
It is made of upper conductor section, spiral section and lower conductor section, upper conductor section is L-shaped and upper end with spiral section is connect, and lower conductor section is in
Inverted L-shaped is simultaneously connect with the lower end of spiral section；The outer conductor of feeding coaxial lines is connect with round floor, inner wire and lower conductor
Section connection；
There are one the metallic conductors that diameter is more than its ontology for the upper end setting of vertical portion in the upper conductor section；In lower conductor section
There are one the metallic conductors that diameter is more than its ontology for the middle part setting of vertical portion；Diameter ratio there are one being set at the top of conductor stub
The big rosette of lower diameter.
2. a kind of spiral loading high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antenna as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Upper conductor section
Electrical length is 0.5 λ, and the electrical length of lower conductor section is 0.25 λ.
3. a kind of spiral loading high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antenna as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The upper conductor
Angle in section and lower conductor section between vertical portion and bending part is 99 °.
4. a kind of spiral loading high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antenna as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The round metal
3 times of a diameter of conductor stub diameter of disk.
5. a kind of spiral loading high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antenna as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The conductor is short
The height of stake is 0.225 λ, and the distance between conductor stub and the floor center of circle are 0.625 λ.
6. a kind of spiral loading high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antenna as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The spiral section
Screw diameterD h =0.155·λ, conductor diameterD 1 =0.031·λ, helix angle 7o―8o, spiral number of turns 2.
7. a kind of spiral loading high-gain omni directional monopoles sub-antenna as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described circularly
Plate is diameterD g =2·λRosette.
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| CN106450694B (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2024-08-09 | 广东通宇通讯股份有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted omnidirectional dipole antenna |
| CN108011179B (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2021-01-26 | 深圳市盛路物联通讯技术有限公司 | Chip antenna and electronic equipment applying same |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1239596A (en) * | 1996-10-04 | 1999-12-22 | 艾利森电话股份有限公司 | Retractable multi-band antennas |
| CN1275824A (en) * | 1999-05-27 | 2000-12-06 | 摩托罗拉公司 | Spiral antenna |
| US6407719B1 (en) * | 1999-07-08 | 2002-06-18 | Atr Adaptive Communications Research Laboratories | Array antenna |
| WO2003012922A1 (en) * | 2001-07-30 | 2003-02-13 | Clemson University | Broadband monopole/dipole antenna with parallel inductor-resistor load circuits and matching networks |
| CN1400685A (en) * | 2001-07-26 | 2003-03-05 | 株式会社东芝 | Spiral antenna and portable terminal device |
| CN204156093U (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-02-11 | 东莞市仁丰电子科技有限公司 | A kind of double frequency high-gain omni-directional antenna of improvement |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20050078991A (en) * | 2004-02-03 | 2005-08-08 | 가부시키가이샤 고쿠사이 덴키 츠신 기소 기주츠 겐큐쇼 | Array antenna capable of controlling antenna's characteristic |
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1239596A (en) * | 1996-10-04 | 1999-12-22 | 艾利森电话股份有限公司 | Retractable multi-band antennas |
| CN1275824A (en) * | 1999-05-27 | 2000-12-06 | 摩托罗拉公司 | Spiral antenna |
| US6407719B1 (en) * | 1999-07-08 | 2002-06-18 | Atr Adaptive Communications Research Laboratories | Array antenna |
| CN1400685A (en) * | 2001-07-26 | 2003-03-05 | 株式会社东芝 | Spiral antenna and portable terminal device |
| WO2003012922A1 (en) * | 2001-07-30 | 2003-02-13 | Clemson University | Broadband monopole/dipole antenna with parallel inductor-resistor load circuits and matching networks |
| CN204156093U (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-02-11 | 东莞市仁丰电子科技有限公司 | A kind of double frequency high-gain omni-directional antenna of improvement |
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