CN107611601B - Miniaturized high-gain dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna - Google Patents
Miniaturized high-gain dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a miniaturized high-gain dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna, which comprises a V-polarized antenna, an H-polarized array antenna and an H-polarized subarray feed plate, wherein the V-polarized antenna comprises M half-wave vibrators arranged on a V-polarized antenna substrate and V-polarized antenna feed lines connected with the half-wave vibrators, the H-polarized array antenna comprises N H-polarized array units which are arranged in parallel and are assembled in an array mode, each H-polarized array unit comprises a dielectric disc, X H-polarized vibrators are arranged on the circumference of each dielectric disc, the H-polarized antenna feed lines connected with the H-polarized vibrators are arranged on the outer side of the H-polarized subarray feed plate in parallel, the H-polarized array units, the H-polarized subarray feed plate and the V-polarized antenna feed plate are arranged in an intersecting mode, and the H-polarized subarray feed plate feeds the H-polarized array units, wherein M, N, X is a natural number greater than or equal to 1. The invention provides the omnidirectional antenna with high gain, omnidirectionality, dual polarization, high isolation, high power, short and attractive appearance, simple structure, economy and durability for the outdoor WIFI wireless access point.
Description
[ field of technology ]
The invention relates to outdoor high-gain WIFI/WLAN antenna equipment and technology, in particular to a miniaturized high-gain dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna suitable for urban outdoor deployment and technology thereof.
[ background Art ]
Cellular mobile communications have achieved wide-area, continuous coverage of signals. However, due to the influence of spectrum resources, system capacity, site selection, engineering cost and other factors, the use cost of the cellular network is always high. Network applications such as video, animation or video are extremely capacity-hungry, and the traffic cost becomes a significant overhead in the daily life of mobile phone users, which also affects the further growth of mobile traffic. Even in the 5G age, as capacity increases, the flow rate cost tends to drop, and the total flow rate cost is inversely higher. In contrast, wireless local area networks have the advantages of high capacity, license-free, easy deployment, and low cost, and have been widely used in households, campuses, libraries, offices, hotels, stations, terminal buildings, and other indoor locations. The capacity and coverage of indoor WIFI is not a problem because of the relatively small indoor space, the relatively concentrated and small number of users. If WIFI is deployed outdoors in outdoor public places such as squares, streets, cells, parks, business areas, etc., the capacity and coverage problems are faced as with cellular mobile communications. In order to cover a larger area and serve more users, the antenna is preferably designed with high gain. However, the coverage area is large, the number of users is large, and the problems of insufficient capacity, reduced internet surfing rate of users and the like are caused. As for capacity expansion, a widely used MIMO antenna technology may be employed. In addition, outdoor WIFI is suitable for adopting an omni-directional antenna in consideration of installation, cost, concealment and other factors. From the analysis, the miniaturized high-gain omnidirectional H/V dual-polarized antenna is an ideal antenna scheme suitable for an urban outdoor public WIFI system.
The conventional H/V dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna adopts a mode of two paths of polarization separation design and stacking up and down. This makes the antenna large in height or length dimension, and affects the visual effect and is poor in concealment. The invention creates a new way to longitudinally nest the V (vertical) polarization and the H (horizontal) polarization, so that the total height of the antenna is reduced by nearly half as much as that of the single H or V polarization. In addition, the V polarization is designed into a central series-fed printed oscillator array; the H polarization is designed into Alford printed loop antenna, then a plurality of loop units are stacked up and down at equal intervals to form a linear array, and then the loop units are connected into a subarray by a printed feed board in a triplet mode. Finally, the subarrays are individually combined into a larger high gain array using coaxial cables. Through the measures, the antenna has the diameter of 0.38.lambda in the 2.4GHz WLAN frequency band (2.3-2.6 GHz, BW=12.25%) C Height 2.62. Lambda C Realizes high-gain H/V dual polarized radiation with G=8-9 dBi on the electric scale, and has good impedance matching (VSWR)<1.35, minimum 1.20), and the relative bandwidth reaches 12.25%; an ideal horizontal omnidirectional pattern, with out-of-roundness less than 3.0dB and maximum radiation pointing in the horizontal direction; vertical plane (E plane) half power beam width 12-15.5 deg.; excellent polarization diversity MIMO effect, two portsIsolation is better than-30 dB; the simple feed network design reduces the loss, improves the efficiency (more than or equal to 83 percent), reduces the cost and improves the producibility. In addition, the design is short, small, portable, high in bearing power, economical and durable, and is a preferable scheme suitable for outdoor wireless WIFI antennas. In addition, the method has the characteristics of novel thought, clear principle, universality, simplicity, practicability and the like, and is applicable and effective for the optimization design and improvement of the broadband or multi-frequency H/V single-polarization or dual-polarization omnidirectional antenna with high gain.
[ invention ]
The invention aims to design an omnidirectional antenna with high gain (G is more than or equal to 8 dBi), omnidirectionality, dual polarization, high isolation, high power, short and attractive appearance, simple structure, economy and durability for an outdoor WIFI wireless access point.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is provided:
the invention provides a miniaturized high-gain dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna, which comprises a V-polarized antenna, an H-polarized array antenna and an H-polarized subarray feed plate, wherein the V-polarized antenna comprises M half-wave vibrators arranged on a V-polarized antenna substrate and V-polarized antenna feed lines connected with the half-wave vibrators, the H-polarized array antenna comprises N H-polarized array units which are arranged in parallel and are assembled in an array mode, each H-polarized array unit comprises a dielectric disc, X H-polarized vibrators are arranged on the circumference of each dielectric disc, the H-polarized antenna feed lines connected with the H-polarized vibrators are arranged on the outer side of the H-polarized subarray feed plate in parallel, the H-polarized array units, the H-polarized subarray feed plate and the V-polarized antenna feed plate are arranged in an intersecting mode, and the H-polarized subarray feed plate feeds the H-polarized array units, wherein M, N, X is a natural number greater than or equal to 1.
Preferably, the V-polarized antenna comprises an array of five half-wave oscillators, each half-wave oscillator comprising a U-shaped symmetrical upper arm and lower arm respectively printed on the upper and lower sides of the V-polarized antenna substrate.
Preferably, the H-polarization array antenna comprises an array formed by six equidistant coaxial H-polarization array units, wherein the six-unit array is divided into an upper three-unit subarray and a lower three-unit subarray, the two upper three-unit subarrays and the lower three-unit subarray are respectively fed by adopting H-polarization subarray feed plates, and the two H-polarization subarray feed plates are vertically and coplanarly placed and respectively vertically intersected with the three H-polarization array units of the two upper three-unit subarrays and the lower three-unit subarray.
Preferably, the H-polarized vibrator is an arc vibrator, a broken line vibrator, a straight line vibrator or a curve vibrator, and the number X is 3-6.
Preferably, the diameter of the medium disc is in the range of 0.35λ C ～0.75λ C Wherein lambda is C Is the center wavelength.
Preferably, the total length of each half-wave vibrator is (0.3-0.5) & lambda C Wherein lambda is C Is the center wavelength.
Preferably, the half-wave oscillator of the V-polarized antenna has a width to length ratio of 0.15 to 0.35.
Preferably, the V-polarized antenna feeder is a parallel double-conductor feeder, is arranged along the array direction, preferably coincides with the array axis, and comprises a plurality of cascaded variable sections with unequal length and width, preferably, the center position of the parallel double-conductor feeder is a feeding point, and two ends of the parallel double-conductor feeder are short circuit points.
Preferably, the feed line of the H-polarized antenna adopts parallel double-wire feed, and the parallel double-wire feed line extends from the center of the dielectric disc to the center of each pair of H-polarized vibrators in the diameter direction and comprises a plurality of cascaded conductor segments with unequal widths.
Preferably, a transverse short circuit branch is arranged at the joint of the second section conductor section and the third section conductor section of the H-polarized antenna feeder, the tail end of the transverse short circuit branch is a metallized via hole, and preferably, the directions of the two adjacent transverse short circuit branches are opposite.
Preferably, the H polarization array unit has a lateral short-circuit branch length of about (0.10-0.15) & lambda C (λ C As the center wavelength), preferably, the width-to-length ratio of the lateral short circuit branches is 0.01 to 0.05.
Preferably, the H polarization subarray feed plate comprises a feed plate dielectric substrate, the feed plate dielectric substrate is provided with feed plate parallel double-wire, the feed plate parallel double-wire comprises a plurality of cascaded variable sections with unequal length and width, preferably, the center of the feed plate parallel double-wire is a feed point, and the two ends of the feed plate parallel double-wire are short circuit points.
Preferably, the H polarization subarray feed plate is spaced from the central axis of the H polarization array antenna by a distance D s And is positioned at one side without transverse short circuit branch, the central axis of the V-polarized antenna 20, which is far from the H-polarized array antenna, is D P The V-polarized antenna substrate is positioned on the same side of the central axis of the H-polarized array antenna, and D P >D s . Preferably, the H-polarized subarray feed plate and the V-polarized antenna substrate are symmetrically arranged about a middle line of two adjacent feed lines of the H-polarized array unit.
Preferably, a section of radial parallel double-wire extending in a single radial direction with the center as a starting point is arranged on each H polarization array unit, and an upper conductor and a lower conductor of the radial parallel double-wire are respectively connected with an inner wire and an outer wire of the parallel double-wire of the feed plate.
Preferably, the V-polarized antenna is an integrally formed series fed printed dipole array, and the H-polarized antenna is a composite array formed by Alford loop units. Preferably, the H-polarized array units are grouped to form H-polarized subarrays, and then the plurality of subarrays are connected into a larger array by cables.
Preferably, the V-polarized antenna and the array element thereof are both in a vertical direction, the H-polarized array unit is horizontally arranged and vertically assembled into an H-polarized array antenna, the H-polarized array unit and the V-polarized antenna are vertically intersected, and central axes of the H-polarized array unit and the V-polarized antenna are not coincident with each other; the V-polarized antenna feeder line and the H-polarized antenna feeder line are routed to one end of the antenna along the vertical direction in a space region between the arrays, and two connectors are arranged.
Preferably, the V-polarized antenna substrate, the H-polarized antenna substrate and the feeding plate dielectric substrate are manufactured by processing various common dielectric materials, and the three substrates can be the same or different, the dielectric constants epsilon r=1-10, and the loss tangent tan delta is less than or equal to 0.02;
preferably, an antenna housing is sleeved outside the V-polarized antenna, the H-polarized array antenna and the H-polarized subarray feed plate. Preferably, the cross-section of the radome is circular, rectangular with cut corners, elliptical or other geometric shape, the top end of which is closed and coaxially aligned with the V-polarized antenna.
Preferably, the miniaturized high-gain dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna adopts common connectors such as a feed coaxial cable strap SMA, BNC, TNC, N and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
compared with the prior art, the invention adopts the design thought of H/V polarization separation design and stacking up and down, and provides the omnidirectional antenna with high gain, omnidirectionality, dual polarization, high isolation, high power, short and small appearance, simple structure, economy and durability.
Furthermore, the invention discards the conventional H/V dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna, adopts the design thought of H/V polarization separation design and stacking up and down, and uniquely adopts the following design method: 1) The V/H polarization arrays are longitudinally nested and arranged, so that the total height of the antenna is reduced by half; 2) Designing V polarization into an integrated printed vibrator array with center series feed; 3) The H polarization adopts a quaternary printed Alford loop antenna with the diameter of about half wavelength; 4) A plurality of Alford ring units are arranged up and down to form a linear array, and three units are combined into a group and fed by a PCB to form a subarray; 5) The subarrays are combined into a high gain array using coaxial cable. Through the measures, the antenna has the diameter of 0.38.lambda in the 2.4GHz WLAN frequency band (2.4-2.5 GHz, BW= 4.082%) C Height 2.62. Lambda C Realizes high-gain H/V dual polarized radiation of G=8-8.5 dBi on the electric scale, and has good impedance matching (VSWR)<1.35, minimum 1.20), the relative bandwidth reaches 4.082%; an ideal horizontal omnidirectional pattern, the out-of-roundness is less than 2.5dBi, and the maximum radiation points to the horizontal direction; vertical plane (E plane) half power beam width 13.5-15.5 degrees; the excellent polarization diversity MIMO effect is achieved, and the isolation between two ends is better than-30 dB; the simple feed network design reduces the loss, improves the efficiency (more than or equal to 90 percent), reduces the cost and improves the producibility. In addition, the design is short, small, portable, high in bearing power, economical and durable, and is a preferable scheme suitable for outdoor wireless WIFI antennas. In addition, the method has the characteristics of novel thought, clear principle, universality, simplicity, practicability and the like, and is applicable and effective for the optimization design and improvement of the broadband or multi-frequency H/V single-polarization or dual-polarization omnidirectional antenna with high gain.
[ description of the drawings ]
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of rectangular coordinate system definition used by an antenna model.
Fig. 2 is a front view of a V-polarized antenna full pattern 20 of a miniaturized high-gain dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna.
Fig. 3 is a front view of a half model of a V-polarized antenna of a miniaturized high-gain dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna.
Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of the center feed point of the V-polarized antenna full pattern 20 of the miniaturized high-gain dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna.
Fig. 5 is a partial enlarged view of the short-circuit points at both ends of the V-polarized antenna full pattern 20 of the miniaturized high-gain dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna.
Fig. 6 is a front view of an H-polarized cell model 40 of a miniaturized high-gain dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna.
Fig. 7 is a side view of an H-polarized cell model 40 of a miniaturized high-gain dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna.
Fig. 8 is a front view of an H-polarized feed plate full pattern 50 of a miniaturized high-gain dual polarized omnidirectional antenna.
Fig. 9 is an elevation view of an H-polarized feed plate half-model of a miniaturized high-gain dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna.
Fig. 10 is a front view of a complete model of a miniaturized high-gain dual polarized omnidirectional antenna.
Fig. 11 is a left side view of a complete model of a miniaturized high-gain dual polarized omnidirectional antenna.
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of connection of an H-polarized subarray of a miniaturized high-gain dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna with its feed plate.
Fig. 13 is a top view of a complete model of a miniaturized high-gain dual polarized omnidirectional antenna.
Fig. 14 is a front view of a full model of a miniaturized high-gain dual polarized omnidirectional antenna with radome.
Fig. 15 is a top view of a full model of a miniaturized high gain dual polarized omnidirectional antenna with radome.
Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of a coaxial cable feed network for a miniaturized high-gain dual polarized omnidirectional antenna.
FIG. 17 is a miniaturized high viewInput impedance Z of gain dual polarized omnidirectional antenna in A frequency characteristic curve.
Fig. 18 shows the reflection coefficient |s of the miniaturized high-gain dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna 11 Graph I.
Fig. 19 is a standing wave ratio VSWR of a miniaturized high-gain dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna.
Fig. 20 is a diagram of a miniaturized high-gain dual polarized omnidirectional antenna at f 1 2D pattern of =2.40 GHz.
Fig. 21 is a diagram of a miniaturized high-gain dual polarized omnidirectional antenna at f 2 2D pattern of =2.45 GHz.
Fig. 22 is a miniaturized high-gain dual polarized omnidirectional antenna at f 3 2D pattern of =2.50 GHz.
Fig. 23 shows the real gain G of a miniaturized high-gain dual polarized omnidirectional antenna R Curve as a function of frequency f.
Fig. 24 is a vertical plane half power beam width HPBW versus frequency f curve for a miniaturized high gain dual polarized omnidirectional antenna.
Fig. 25 is a graph of horizontal plane out-of-roundness of a miniaturized high-gain dual polarized omnidirectional antenna as a function of frequency f.
Fig. 26 is an efficiency η of a miniaturized high-gain dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna A Curve as a function of frequency f.
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate and together with the description serve to explain, without limitation or limitation of the invention.
[ detailed description ] of the invention
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is given with reference to the accompanying drawings, in order to explain the technical solutions of the present invention in detail.
The present invention will be discussed herein with emphasis on both ultra wideband and high gain features, and a detailed description of the invention will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be particularly noted that the preferred embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and explanatory of the invention and are not intended to limit or define the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 16, the miniaturized high-gain dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna is obtained by the following construction method.
Step one, establishing a space rectangular coordinate system, see fig. 1;
step two, constructing a V polarized antenna 20: in the coordinate system XOZ plane, a five-unit half-wave vibrator array arranged along the Z axis direction is constructed, each half-wave vibrator comprises two U-shaped symmetrical upper and lower arms 21, 22, and the total length of each half-wave vibrator is about (0.3-0.5) & lambda C Wherein lambda is C Is the center wavelength; the half-wave vibrator and the V-polarized antenna feeder 25 are integrally printed on two sides of the double-sided V-polarized antenna substrate 10, and the length, width and thickness of the dielectric substrate 10 are respectively: l (L) V 、W V 、T V Dielectric constant ε r1 Loss tangent tan delta 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The upper arm 21 of each half-wave oscillator is arranged on the front surface of the V-polarized antenna substrate 10, and the lower arm 22 of each half-wave oscillator is arranged on the back surface of the V-polarized antenna substrate 10, or the two arms are just opposite; the V-polarized antenna feeder line 25 is a parallel double-conductor feeder line, is overlapped with the array axis along the array direction, is formed by cascading a plurality of variable-length and wide conversion sections 251-255, and has a feeding point 23 at the center, a short-circuit point 24 at the two ends, a non-metallized via hole and a bonding pad at the upper and lower parts, and a metallized via hole at the short-circuit point, so that the upper and lower parallel double-conductor feeder lines are communicated, as shown in figures 2-5;
step three, constructing an H-polarized array unit 40: in the coordinate system XOY plane, has a diameter and a thickness of D H 、T H Dielectric disk of (2) having a dielectric constant of epsilon r2 Loss tangent tan delta 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The circumferences of the two sides of the dielectric disc 30, which are close to the edges, are respectively printed with an upper arm 41 and a lower arm 42 of four H-polarized vibrators, wherein the upper arm faces clockwise, the lower arm faces anticlockwise, or the four pairs of H-polarized vibrators are symmetrically arranged at intervals of 90 degrees, so that an Alford loop antenna is formed, namely the H-polarized array unit 40 and an H-polarized antenna feeder line adopt parallel double-wire feed; the parallel double-wire extends from the center of the medium disc to the center of each pair of H-polarized vibrators in the diameter direction and is formed by cascading a plurality of sections of conductor segments with unequal widths, a transverse short-circuit branch 45 is arranged at the joint of the second section of conductor segment 43 and the third section of conductor segment 44, the tail end of the transverse short-circuit branch is a metallized through hole 47, and two adjacent transverse sections are arrangedOpposite directions to short circuit branches; two circular bonding pads 46 with equal size are arranged at the intersection of the four conductors at the center of the dielectric disc 30; the front vibrator arm, the feeder line and the transverse short circuit branch of the dielectric disc form an upper arm of the loop antenna, and the back vibrator arm, the feeder line and the transverse short circuit branch form a lower arm of the loop antenna, see fig. 6-7;
fourth, constructing an H polarized subarray feed plate 50: the length, width and thickness of the feeding plate dielectric substrate 500 are respectively: l (L) H 、W H 、T H Dielectric constant ε r3 Loss tangent tan delta 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the A pair of parallel double-wire of the feeding plate is printed on the front and back sides of the feeding plate dielectric substrate 500, and the parallel double-wire of the feeding plate consists of a plurality of sections of conversion sections 51, 52, 53 and 54 with different lengths and widths in cascade connection; the center of the parallel double-wire of the feed plate is a feed point 56, and a non-metallized via hole is arranged for welding the coaxial cable; the two ends are short-circuit points 55 and 57, and the upper and lower wires are connected through metal vias, see fig. 8-9;
step five, H polarization array antenna: the H polarization array unit 40 in the third step is duplicated into a six-unit array at equal intervals along the Z-axis direction, the array is divided into an upper three-unit subarray and a lower three-unit subarray, and the two upper three-unit subarrays and the lower three-unit subarray are fed by the H polarization subarray feed plate 50 in the fourth step respectively; the two H-polarized subarray feed plates 50 are vertically and coplanar arranged, vertically intersect with three H-polarized array units of the two upper and lower three-unit subarrays respectively, and are positioned at a distance from the central axis D of the subarray s One side without transverse short circuit branches; to facilitate connection of the H-polarized subarray feeder plate 50 to each H-polarized array unit, a section of radial parallel double-wire 48 extending in a single radial direction with the center thereof as a starting point is added to each H-polarized array unit, a metallized via hole 58 is formed in the H-polarized subarray feeder plate 50, an upper conductor 481 of the radial parallel double-wire 48 is connected with an inner side wire of the parallel double-wire of the feeder plate, and a lower conductor 482 of the radial parallel double-wire 48 is connected with an outer side wire of the parallel double-wire of the feeder plate through the metallized via hole 58, or vice versa; one end of the metallized via hole 58 is connected with one side conductor of the H-polarized subarray feeder board 50, the other end of the metallized via hole 58 is connected with a circular bonding pad, the periphery of the circular bonding pad is an isolating bonding pad, and the circular bonding pad and the feeder board are connectedOne side conductor is isolated (structure is not shown) so as not to cause short circuit of the two side conductors of the H-polarized subarray feeder board 50 during welding, and the isolation pad is generally an annular isolation structure at the periphery of the circular pad. See fig. 10-15;
step six, V/H polarized antenna combination array: placing the V-polarized antenna 20 outside the H-polarized subarray feed plate 50 in the fifth step, wherein the distance between the V-polarized subarray feed plate and the central axis of the H-polarized array antenna is D P (D P >D s ) The V-polarized antenna substrate 10 of the V-polarized antenna and the H-polarized subarray feed plate 50 are parallel to each other and are both located on the same side of the central axis of the H-polarized array antenna, and they are symmetrical with respect to the middle line of two adjacent feed lines of the H-polarized array unit, as shown in fig. 11 to 13;
step seven, a coaxial feed network 70 is arranged: in the center feed point 23 of the V-polarized antenna 20 of the second step, a 50Ω coaxial cable is used as a main feed cable 71 for feeding, and the main feed cable 71 is routed downward along the inner side of the V-polarized antenna substrate 10 to the bottom end position thereof; one end of two coaxial cables 73 with equal length is respectively connected with the central feed points 56 of the two H-polarized three-unit subarrays in the fifth step, and the other ends are close to each other and are connected with a conversion section cable 72 through a feed slot, and then are connected with a main feed cable 71; all the feed cables 71-73 are located between the outer side of the H-polarized subarray feed plate 50 and the inner side of the V-polarized antenna 20, are approximately parallel to the V-polarized total feed cable 71 trace, and also reach the bottom end position of the PCB board, see fig. 16;
step eight, setting an antenna housing: a cylindrical tubular radome 60 is placed over the antenna and coaxially aligned with the antenna, with the radome top closed, see fig. 14 and 15.
Through the above construction method, the miniaturized high-gain dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna of the present invention is obtained, as shown in the figure, in this embodiment, the miniaturized high-gain dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna includes a V-polarized antenna, an H-polarized array antenna, and an H-polarized sub-array feeding plate, where the V-polarized antenna includes five half-wave vibrators disposed on the V-polarized antenna substrate and V-polarized antenna feeding lines connected with the half-wave vibrators, the H-polarized array antenna includes six H-polarized array units 40 arranged in parallel, the H-polarized array units 40 include a dielectric disc, upper arms 41 and lower arms 42 of four H-polarized vibrators are disposed on circumferences of two sides of the dielectric disc 30 near edges, respectively, and the H-polarized antenna feeding lines connected with the H-polarized vibrators, the four H-polarized vibrators are four circular arc vibrators in this embodiment, and are disposed at equal 90 ° intervals in two-by-two symmetry, to form an Alford loop antenna. The V-polarized antennas 20 are disposed in parallel outside the H-polarized subarray feeder board 50, and the H-polarized array units 40 are disposed intersecting the H-polarized subarray feeder board and the V-polarized antennas 20, and the H-polarized subarray feeder board feeds the H-polarized array units 40.
The V-polarized antenna 20 includes an array of half-wave oscillators, each half-wave oscillator including U-shaped symmetrical upper and lower arms printed on the upper and lower sides of the V-polarized antenna substrate, respectively. The V-polarized antenna feeder 25 is a parallel double-conductor feeder, is formed by cascading a plurality of variable-length and wide conversion sections 251-255 along the array direction and coinciding with the array axis, and is provided with a feeding point 23 at the center, a short-circuit point 24 at the two ends, a non-metallized via hole and a bonding pad at the upper and lower parts, and the short-circuit point is a metallized via hole, so that the upper and lower parallel double-conductor feeders are communicated.
The total length of each half-wave vibrator is (0.3-0.5) & lambda C Wherein lambda is C Is the center wavelength. The width-to-length ratio of the half-wave oscillator of the V-polarized antenna is 0.15-0.35. The diameter of the medium disc is 0.35λ C ～0.75λ C Wherein lambda is C Is the center wavelength.
The H-polarized antenna feeder adopts parallel double-wire feeding, the parallel double-wire extends from the center of a dielectric disc to the center of each pair of H-polarized vibrators in the diameter direction, the parallel double-wire is formed by cascading a plurality of sections of conductor segments with unequal widths, a transverse short-circuit branch 45 is arranged at the joint of the second section of conductor segment 43 and the third section of conductor segment 44 of the H-polarized antenna feeder, the tail end of the transverse short-circuit branch is a metallized via hole 47, and the directions of the two adjacent transverse short-circuit branches are opposite. At the intersection of the center four conductors of the dielectric disc 30, two circular pads 46 of equal size are provided.
The H-polarized subarray feeder board 50 comprises a feeder board dielectric substrate 500, wherein the feeder board dielectric substrate 500 is provided with a feeder board parallel double-wire, the feeder board parallel double-wire is formed by cascading a plurality of different-length and wide conversion sections 51, 52, 53 and 54, the center of the feeder board parallel double-wire is a feeder point 56, and two ends of the feeder board parallel double-wire are short-circuit points 57.
The H polarization array antenna comprises an array formed by six equidistant coaxial H polarization array units 40, wherein the six-unit array is divided into an upper three-unit subarray and a lower three-unit subarray, the two upper three-unit subarrays and the lower three-unit subarray are respectively fed by adopting an H polarization subarray feed plate 50, the two H polarization subarray feed plates 50 are vertically and coplanarly placed and respectively vertically intersected with the three H polarization array units of the two upper three-unit subarrays, and the distance D between the H polarization subarray feed plate 50 and the central axis of the H polarization array antenna is equal to the distance D between the two H polarization array units s And is positioned at one side without transverse short circuit branch, the central axis of the V-polarized antenna 20, which is far from the H-polarized array antenna, is D P The V-polarized antenna substrate is positioned on the same side of the central axis of the H-polarized array antenna, and D P >D s . The H polarization subarray feed plate and the V polarization antenna substrate are symmetrically arranged about the middle line of two adjacent feed lines of the H polarization array unit.
Each H-polarized array unit is provided with a section of radial parallel double-wire 48 which takes the center of the radial parallel double-wire as a starting point and extends in a single radial direction, a metallized via hole 58 is formed in the H-polarized subarray power supply board 50, an upper conductor 481 and a lower conductor 482 of the radial parallel double-wire 48 are respectively connected with an inner conductor and an outer conductor of the parallel double-wire of the power supply board, one end of the metallized via hole 58 is connected with one side conductor of the H-polarized subarray power supply board 50, the other end of the metallized via hole 58 is connected with a circular bonding pad, and an isolation bonding pad is arranged on the periphery of the bonding pad, so that the circular bonding pad is isolated from the other side conductor of the H-polarized subarray power supply board 50.
A coaxial cable is used as a main feed cable 71 at the central feed point 23 of the V-polarized antenna 20, the main feed cable 71 is routed downwards along the inner side of the V-polarized antenna substrate 10 to the bottom end position, one end of each of two coaxial cables 73 with equal length is respectively connected with the feed point 56 of the H-polarized array unit, and the other end is connected with a transformation section cable 72 through a feed slot and then connected with the main feed cable 71; all of the feed cables 71-73 are located between the outside of the H-polarized subarray feed plate 50 and the inside of the V-polarized antenna 20, approximately parallel to the V-polarized total feed cable 71 trace, and also to the bottom end position of the PCB.
The invention adopts the following unique design method: 1) The V/H polarization arrays are longitudinally nested and arranged, so that the total height of the antenna is reduced by half; 2) Designing V polarization into an integrated printed vibrator array with center series feed; 3) The H polarization adopts a quaternary printed Alford loop antenna with the diameter of about half wavelength; 4) A plurality of Alford ring units are arranged up and down to form a linear array, and three units are combined into a group and fed by a PCB to form a subarray; 5) The subarrays are combined into a high gain array using coaxial cable. Through the measures, the antenna has the diameter of 0.38.lambda in the 2.4GHz WLAN frequency band (2.4-2.5 GHz, BW= 4.082%) C Height 2.62. Lambda C Realizes high-gain H/V dual polarized radiation of G=8-8.5 dBi on the electric scale, and has good impedance matching (VSWR)<1.35, minimum 1.20), the relative bandwidth reaches 4.082%; an ideal horizontal omnidirectional pattern, the out-of-roundness is less than 2.5dBi, and the maximum radiation points to the horizontal direction; vertical plane (E plane) half power beam width 13.5-15.5 degrees; the excellent polarization diversity MIMO effect is achieved, and the isolation between two ends is better than-30 dB; the simple feed network design reduces the loss, improves the efficiency (more than or equal to 90 percent), reduces the cost and improves the producibility. In addition, the design is short, small, portable, high in bearing power, economical and durable, and is a preferable scheme suitable for outdoor wireless WIFI antennas. In addition, the method has the characteristics of novel thought, clear principle, universality, simplicity, practicability and the like, and is applicable and effective for the optimization design and improvement of the broadband or multi-frequency H/V single-polarization or dual-polarization omnidirectional antenna with high gain.
Specific parameters are described below with reference to FIGS. 17-26.
Fig. 17 is an input impedance Z of a miniaturized high-gain dual polarized omnidirectional antenna in A frequency characteristic curve. Wherein the horizontal axis (X axis) is frequency f, and the unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y axis) is the input impedance Z in The unit is omega; the solid line represents V polarization and the dashed line represents H polarization; the smooth line is the real part R in The dotted line is the imaginary part X in 。
Fig. 18 shows the reflection coefficient |s of the miniaturized high-gain dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna 11 Graph I. Wherein the horizontal axis (X axis) is frequency f, and the unit is GHz; longitudinal axis(Y axis) is S 11 Amplitude |S of (2) 11 I, in dB; the solid line is V polarization and the dashed line is H polarization. As can be seen, good impedance matching (|s) is achieved throughout the 2.3-2.60G band 11 The bandwidth is more than 12.25 percent and is less than or equal to-10 dB; best match |S 11 |≤-28dB@2.44GHz)。
Fig. 19 is a standing wave ratio VSWR of a miniaturized high-gain dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna. Wherein the horizontal axis (X axis) is frequency f, and the unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is VSWR; the solid line is V polarization and the dashed line is H polarization. As shown in the figure, good impedance matching (VSWR is less than or equal to 2.0, the bandwidth exceeds 12.25 percent, and the best matching VSWR is less than or equal to 1.08@2.44 GHz) is realized in the whole 2.3-2.60G frequency band.
Fig. 20 is a diagram of a miniaturized high-gain dual polarized omnidirectional antenna at f 1 2D pattern of =2.40 GHz. Wherein the thin line represents the H-plane (theta=90°, XOY plane), and the thick line represents the E-plane (phi=0°, YOZ plane); the solid line is V polarization and the dotted line is H polarization; the V/H polarization gain and E-plane bandwidth are respectively: g=9.05/8.36 dBi, hpbw=15.65 °/13.27 °.
Fig. 21 is a diagram of a miniaturized high-gain dual polarized omnidirectional antenna at f 2 2D pattern of =2.45 GHz. Wherein the thin line represents the H-plane (theta=90°, XOY plane), and the thick line represents the E-plane (phi=0°, YOZ plane); the solid line is V polarization and the dotted line is H polarization; the V/H polarization gain and E-plane bandwidth are respectively: g=9.12/8.35 dBi, hpbw= 14.44 °/12.98 °.
Fig. 22 is a miniaturized high-gain dual polarized omnidirectional antenna at f 3 2D pattern of =2.50 GHz. Wherein the thin line represents the H-plane (theta=90°, XOY plane), and the thick line represents the E-plane (phi=0°, YOZ plane); the solid line is V polarization and the dotted line is H polarization; the V/H polarization gain and E-plane bandwidth are respectively: g=9.08/8.50 dBi, hpbw=14.56 °/12.42 °.
Fig. 23 shows the real gain G of a miniaturized high-gain dual polarized omnidirectional antenna R Curve as a function of frequency f. Wherein the horizontal axis (X axis) is frequency f, and the unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is gain G in dBi; the solid line is V polarization and the dashed line is H polarization. As shown in the figure, in the whole 2.3-2.6 GHz frequency band, the V/H polarization real gain is higher, and the V/H polarization real gain is respectively as follows: g R ＝8.58～9.12dBi、G R ＝8.0～9.0dBi。
Fig. 24 is a vertical plane half power beam width HPBW versus frequency f curve for a miniaturized high gain dual polarized omnidirectional antenna. Wherein the solid line is V polarization and the dotted line is H polarization. As shown in the figure, the V/H polarization real gain is higher in the whole 2.3-2.6 GHz frequency band, and the half-power beam width range of the vertical plane is: hpbw=13.42° to 15.67 ° (E plane, V polarization), 12 ° -13.78 ° (H plane, H polarization).
Fig. 25 is a graph of horizontal plane out-of-roundness of a miniaturized high-gain dual polarized omnidirectional antenna as a function of frequency f. Wherein the solid line is V polarization and the dotted line is H polarization. As shown in the figure, in the whole 2.3-2.6 GHz frequency band, the non-roundness of the horizontal plane of V/H polarization is respectively smaller than 3.0dB and 0.75dB, and the radiation uniformity of the azimuth plane is good.
Fig. 26 is an efficiency η of a miniaturized high-gain dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna A Curve as a function of frequency f. Wherein the solid line is V polarization and the dotted line is H polarization. As shown in the figure, the efficiency of the V/H polarized antenna is 83% -96% and 96% -98% respectively in the whole frequency band of 2.4-2.5 GHz, and the efficiency is high.
The foregoing is merely a preferred example of the present invention and is not intended to limit or define the invention. Various modifications and alterations of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A miniaturized high-gain dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna is characterized by comprising a V-polarized antenna, an H-polarized array antenna and an H-polarized subarray feed plate,
the V-polarized antenna comprises M half-wave vibrators arranged on a V-polarized antenna substrate and V-polarized antenna feeder lines connected with the half-wave vibrators,
the H polarization array antenna comprises N H polarization array units which are arranged in parallel and are arranged in an array mode, wherein each H polarization array unit comprises a medium disc, X H polarization vibrators and H polarization antenna feeder lines connected with the H polarization vibrators are arranged on the circumference of the medium disc, the H polarization array units are arranged up and down to form a linear array, and three units are in a group and fed by a PCB (printed circuit board) to form a subarray; combining the subarrays into a high-gain array by using a coaxial cable;
the H polarization subarray feed plate feeds the H polarization array unit;
the V/H polarized antenna combination array is provided with a coaxial feed network, the V polarized antennas are arranged on the outer side of the H polarized subarray feed plate in parallel, and the H polarized array unit is intersected with the H polarized subarray feed plate and the V polarized antennas;
the V-polarized antenna feeder is a parallel double-conductor feeder and is arranged along the array direction and comprises a plurality of cascaded variable sections with unequal length and width, the H-polarized antenna feeder adopts parallel double-conductor feeding, the parallel double-conductor feeding extends from the center of a dielectric disc to the center of each H-polarized vibrator along the diameter direction and comprises a plurality of cascaded conductor sections with unequal width, the H-polarized subarray feeding plate comprises a feeding plate dielectric substrate, the feeding plate dielectric substrate is provided with a feeding plate parallel double-conductor, and the feeding plate parallel double-conductor comprises a plurality of cascaded variable sections with unequal length and width;
a transverse short circuit branch is arranged at the joint of the second section conductor section and the third section conductor section of the H-polarized antenna feeder;
the distance D between the H polarization subarray feed plate and the central axis of the H polarization array antenna S And is positioned at one side without transverse short circuit branch, and the distance between the V-polarized antenna and the central axis of the H-polarized array antenna is D P The V-polarized antenna substrate is positioned on the same side of the central axis of the H-polarized array antenna, and D P >D S ；
Wherein M, N, X is a natural number of 1 or more.
2. The miniaturized high-gain dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna of claim 1, wherein the V-polarized antenna comprises an array of five half-wave elements, each half-wave element comprising upper and lower U-shaped symmetrical arms printed on the upper and lower sides of the V-polarized antenna substrate, respectively.
3. The miniaturized high-gain dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna of claim 2, wherein the H-polarized array antenna comprises an array formed by six equidistant coaxial H-polarized array units, the six-unit array is divided into an upper three-unit subarray and a lower three-unit subarray, the two upper three-unit subarrays and the lower three-unit subarray are respectively fed by an H-polarized subarray feed plate, and the two H-polarized subarray feed plates are vertically and coplanar and vertically intersected with the H-polarized array units of the two upper three-unit subarrays and the lower three-unit subarray respectively.
4. A miniaturized high-gain dual polarized omnidirectional antenna according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the H polarized element is a circular arc element or a fold line element or a straight line element or a curved line element, and the number X is in the range of 3 to 6.
5. A miniaturized high-gain dual polarized omnidirectional antenna according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the dielectric disc diameter has a value in the range of 0.35 λ C ～0.75λ C Wherein lambda is C Is the center wavelength.
6. A miniaturized high gain dual polarized omnidirectional antenna according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the total length of each half wave element is 0.3λ C ～0.5λ C Wherein lambda is C The width-to-length ratio of the half-wave oscillator of the V-polarized antenna is 0.15-0.35 for the center wavelength.
7. The miniaturized high-gain dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna of claim 1, wherein the end of the lateral short circuit branch is a metallized via, the directions of two adjacent lateral short circuit branches are opposite, and the width-to-length ratio of the lateral short circuit branch is 0.01-0.05.
8. The miniaturized high-gain dual polarized omnidirectional antenna of claim 1, wherein a section of radially parallel double conductor extending in a single radial direction from the center of each H-polarized array unit is provided, and the upper conductor and the lower conductor of the radially parallel double conductor are respectively connected to the inner conductor and the outer conductor of the parallel double conductor of the feeding plate.
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| CN108598699B (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2024-01-05 | 广东通宇通讯股份有限公司 | Vertical polarization full wave vibrator array antenna and directional radiation antenna |
| CN108539409B (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2023-10-13 | 广东通宇通讯股份有限公司 | Full-wave vibrator horizontal polarization omnidirectional antenna |
| CN109088169B (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2023-08-22 | 广东通宇通讯股份有限公司 | Ultra-wideband high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna |
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| CN2836260Y (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2006-11-08 | 西安海天天线科技股份有限公司 | High-gain horizontally polarized omni-directional array antenna |
| CN102122763A (en) * | 2011-03-17 | 2011-07-13 | 东南大学 | All-round array antenna for parallel feed |
| CN104577322A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2015-04-29 | 东莞市仁丰电子科技有限公司 | Two-in-one double-feeder multiband omnidirectional high-gain PCB (printed circuit board) antenna |
| CN106941210A (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2017-07-11 | 广东通宇通讯股份有限公司 | Super-wide band high-gain omnidirectional antenna and its ultra wide band oscillator unit |
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| CN2836260Y (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2006-11-08 | 西安海天天线科技股份有限公司 | High-gain horizontally polarized omni-directional array antenna |
| CN102122763A (en) * | 2011-03-17 | 2011-07-13 | 东南大学 | All-round array antenna for parallel feed |
| CN104577322A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2015-04-29 | 东莞市仁丰电子科技有限公司 | Two-in-one double-feeder multiband omnidirectional high-gain PCB (printed circuit board) antenna |
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