CN108539409B - Full-wave vibrator horizontal polarization omnidirectional antenna - Google Patents
Full-wave vibrator horizontal polarization omnidirectional antenna Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
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Abstract
The full-wave vibrator horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna comprises three full-wave vibrators which are coplanar to form a circular array, and then the three full-wave vibrators are fed through parallel double-conductor feeder lines, wherein each vibrator is equivalent to parallel connection, so that the impedance of the array can be greatly reduced, the impedance of the printed feeder lines can be adjusted to enable the impedance of the printed feeder lines to be matched to 50 omega, the technical bottleneck that engineering application cannot be realized due to high impedance in the past is broken through, and the full-wave vibrator horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna can be used for not only designing the vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna, but also designing the horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to wireless communication antenna equipment and technology, in particular to a full-wave vibrator horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna.
Background
The horizontal polarization omni-directional antenna is an important antenna type in the field of wireless communication, and has very strong and wide application requirements, such as forming an H/V orthogonal dual polarization omni-directional MIMO antenna with the vertical polarization omni-directional antenna, so as to improve the capacity of a communication system. Heretofore, the invented horizontal polarization horizontal omni-directional antenna is almost based on the loop antenna theory, namely, an electric small loop antenna and an electric large Alford loop antenna. The horizontal polarization omnidirectional antenna is the earliest, but as Zhou Changyuan is smaller than the working wavelength, the current is in constant amplitude and phase everywhere, the gain is very low, the bandwidth is very narrow, the efficiency is very poor, and the horizontal polarization omnidirectional antenna is often used as an active receiving antenna; the latter is to arrange a plurality of horizontal half-wave vibrators in a coplanar manner into a circular array, which has the advantages of wider bandwidth, good omnidirectionality, higher gain and efficiency, lower section, larger overall size, complex design of the feed network and higher cost. To obtain higher gain, a plurality of horizontally polarized omnidirectional elements are typically coaxially arrayed in the vertical direction and then fed with a power division network. As the number of cells increases, so does the design complexity of the solution. In addition, in many applications, there are severe limitations on antenna height. In this case, the array gain cannot be increased by increasing the number of cells and the array element pitch. However, increasing the unit gain is an effective method. There are two methods for improving the unit gain, the first method is to increase the number of half-wave arrays in the unit circular array, and the increase of the number of the vibrators can increase the radius of the circular array, so that the gain is improved. However, as the number of vibrators increasesThe more complex the matching network design of the circular array is, the more difficult the impedance matching is, meanwhile, the gain of the directional diagram in the horizontal direction is obviously reduced, the out-of-roundness is obviously deteriorated, the in-band directional diagram is greatly different, and the efficiency is greatly reduced; the second approach is to increase the electrical length of the vibrator units in a circular array, e.g. from half wavelength to 1 wavelength, a so-called full wave vibrator (full-wavelength dipole,L≈1.0·λ) Its gain can be reachedGThe input impedance of approximately 4dBi is, however, as high as a few kΩ, and impedance matching is extremely difficult to achieve, so that engineering application is not yet realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the application provides a full-wave vibrator horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna, which comprises three full-wave vibrators which are coplanar to form a circular array, and then the vibrators are fed through parallel double-conductor feeder lines, so that the impedance of the array can be greatly reduced, the impedance of a printed feeder line can be matched to 50 omega, the technical bottleneck that engineering application cannot be realized due to high impedance in the prior art is broken through, and the full-wave vibrator horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna can be used for designing a vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna and also can be used for designing a horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the adopted technical scheme is as follows: the full-wave vibrator horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna comprises a full-wave vibrator Alford loop antenna and a 50 omega coaxial cable for feeding the full-wave vibrator Alford loop antenna;
the full-wave oscillator Alford loop antenna comprises a ternary full-wave oscillator unit in a circular array, a parallel double-conductor feeder line for feeding the ternary full-wave oscillator unit and a dielectric layer with the thickness T filled between the ternary full-wave oscillator unit and the parallel double-conductor feeder line;
the parallel double-conductor feeder consists of an upper conductor and a lower conductor which are radially arranged in parallel at intervals of T, and three parallel double-conductor feeders are distributed according to 120 degrees by taking the circle center of the ternary full-wave vibrator unit as a center connecting point;
the three arc full-wave vibrator units are uniformly arranged and concentrically arranged into a circular array, parallel double-conductor feeder lines are arranged in the circular array, each parallel double-conductor feeder line feeds one arc full-wave vibrator, each arc full-wave vibrator is composed of an upper vibrator arm and a lower vibrator arm, the upper vibrator arm and the lower vibrator arm are arranged at intervals of T and symmetrically on two sides of one parallel double-conductor feeder line, the upper vibrator arm is coplanar and electrically connected with the upper feeder line of the parallel double-conductor feeder line, the lower vibrator arm is coplanar and electrically connected with the lower feeder line of the parallel double-conductor feeder line, a group of short-circuit branches are rotationally duplicated three times by taking the center of the three arc full-wave vibrator units as the center to obtain three groups of short-circuit branches which are mutually separated by 120 degrees and are completely identical, each group of short-circuit branches is fed by one parallel double-conductor feeder line, the upper branch of the short-circuit branch is coplanar and electrically connected with the upper feeder line of the parallel double-conductor feeder line, the lower branch of the short-circuit branch is coplanar and electrically connected with the lower feeder line of the parallel double-conductor feeder line, each short-circuit branch is coplanar and electrically connected with the lower branch of the parallel double-conductor feeder line, and each short-circuit branch is connected with one group of short-circuit branch B in the same branch;
the 50 ohm coaxial cable feeds the center of the parallel two-conductor feeder.
The parallel double-wire feeder line is formed by cascading a plurality of sections of conductor segments with different lengths and widths.
The short circuit branch knot is arc-shaped or linear.
The central arc length of the arc-shaped short circuit branch is (0.25-0.35) xλ c Width ofW=（0.01~0.08）×λ c 。
The length of the short circuit branch knot is (0.25-0.35) xλ c Width ofW=（0.01~0.08）×λ c 。
The application relates to a total length of arcs at the centers of two arms of a full-wave arc vibrator (10)S=（0.85~1.15）×λ c Vibrator center interval angle of adjacent arc full wave vibrators (10)θ=120 DEG + -25 DEG, and the width D= (0.85-1.15) x of the circular arc full wave vibrator (10)λ c 。
The dielectric layer of the application has a dielectric constant of epsilon r and a loss angle of tan delta, wherein epsilon r=1-20.
The dielectric layer is a dielectric substrate comprising air.
The application integrally prints the ternary full-wave vibrator unit and the parallel double-conductor feeder line of the parallel feeder line by adopting a PCB printing process, or integrally processes the ternary full-wave vibrator unit and the parallel double-conductor feeder line of the parallel feeder line by adopting a sheet metal process, and the upper vibrator arm and the lower vibrator arm are separated by an air gap and fixedly supported by a medium block.
The diameter of the ternary full-wave oscillator unit is 0.75λ c -1.0λ c 。
The application has the positive progress effect that the following measures are adopted: 1) Constructing an arc full-wave vibrator unit; 2) Three circular arc full wave vibrators are arranged into a uniform circular array; 3) Adopting balanced double-conductor feeder feed and having two tuning short circuit branches; 4) The 50 omega cable feeds from the center of the circle, thus ensuring the out-of-roundness of the directional diagram. By adopting the measures, the ternary full-wave vibrator horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna provided by the application realizes ultra wide band (1.70-2.70 GHz, VSWR is less than or equal to 2.13, BW=1.0 GHz, > 45.45%), higher gain (G=2.0-3.2 dBi), better horizontal omnidirectionality (low frequency out-of-roundness <5dB, high frequency is three lobes), high efficiency (eta A is more than or equal to 87%), high power capacity, simple feed design, smaller diameter (approximately equal to 0.72 xλL, λL is the lowest working frequency) and ultra-low profile (approximately equal to 0.09 xλL). Compared with the scheme formed by the conventional half-wave vibrators, the method has the advantages of being novel in thought, clear in principle, universal in method, simple to realize, low in cost, suitable for mass production and the like, and is a preferable scheme of wide-band, high-gain and low-cost horizontal polarization omnidirectional. Moreover, the design and improvement of miniaturized high-gain horizontal polarization omnidirectional array antenna, multi-band horizontal polarization omnidirectional antenna and miniaturized H/V dual polarization omnidirectional antenna are applicable and effective.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of rectangular coordinate system definition used by an antenna model.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of an Alford loop antenna model formed by six-element half-wave oscillators.
Fig. 3 is a top view of a top view structure of the connection of the arc full-wave vibrator, the short circuit branch a, the short circuit branch B and the parallel double-wire feeder line of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a top view of a three-dimensional structure of the connection of the arc full-wave vibrator, the short circuit branch a, the short circuit branch B and the parallel double-wire feeder line of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a schematic top view of the present application.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the present application in a three-dimensional configuration.
FIG. 7 shows the input impedance of a full-wave dipole horizontally polarized omnidirectional antennaZ in Is a frequency characteristic of (2).
Fig. 8 is a standing wave ratio VSWR plot for a full wave dipole horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna.
Fig. 9 shows the reflection coefficient of the full-wave vibrator horizontally polarized omnidirectional antennaS 11 Graph I.
Fig. 10 shows a full wave dipole horizontally polarized omnidirectional antennaf 1 Gain pattern of =1.70 GHz.
Fig. 11 shows a full wave dipole horizontally polarized omnidirectional antennaf 2 Gain pattern of =1.95 GHz.
Fig. 12 shows a full wave dipole horizontally polarized omnidirectional antennaf 3 Gain pattern of =2.20 GHz.
Fig. 13 shows a full wave dipole horizontally polarized omnidirectional antennaf 4 Gain pattern of =2.45 GHz.
Fig. 14 shows a full wave dipole horizontally polarized omnidirectional antennaf 5 Gain pattern of =2.70 GHz.
Fig. 15 shows gain of a full wave dipole horizontally polarized omnidirectional antennaGWith frequencyfChanging characteristics.
FIG. 16 is a graph showing H-plane out-of-roundness of a full-wave dipole horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna with frequencyfA change curve.
FIG. 17 shows E-plane (vertical plane) half power wave of a full wave dipole horizontally polarized omnidirectional antennaBeam width HBPW as a function of frequencyfChanging characteristics.
Fig. 18 shows the efficiency of a full wave dipole horizontally polarized omnidirectional antennaη A With frequencyfA change curve.
In the figure: 1. a ternary full-wave oscillator unit 10, an arc full-wave oscillator 101, an oscillator upper arm 102, an oscillator lower arm 11, a short circuit branch knot 111, a short circuit branch knot A,112, a short circuit branch knot B,113, a short circuit via hole 2, a parallel double-conductor feeder line 21, an upper conductor 22, a lower conductor 23, a parallel double-conductor feeder line 3, a dielectric layer 4 and a coaxial cable.
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate and together with the description serve to explain, without limitation or limitation of the application.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present application is given with reference to the accompanying drawings, in order to explain the technical solutions of the present application in detail. Here, the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be particularly noted that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation of the present application only and are not intended to limit or define the present application.
The full-wave vibrator horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna comprises a full-wave vibrator Alford loop antenna and a 50 omega coaxial cable for feeding the full-wave vibrator Alford loop antenna. The full-wave oscillator horizontal polarization omnidirectional antenna can be used by superposing a plurality of pieces according to the requirement, so that the gain effect is improved, compared with the existing horizontal polarization omnidirectional antenna, the gain of the full-wave oscillator horizontal polarization omnidirectional antenna is obviously higher than that of the existing omnidirectional antenna, and under the condition of the same gain, the number of the full-wave oscillator horizontal polarization omnidirectional antennas used by the full-wave oscillator horizontal polarization omnidirectional antenna is small, and the product height is obviously reduced.
The full-wave oscillator Alford loop antenna comprises a ternary full-wave oscillator unit 1 in a circular array, a parallel double-conductor feeder line 2 for feeding the ternary full-wave oscillator unit 1 and a dielectric layer 3 with a thickness T filled between the ternary full-wave oscillator unit 1 and the parallel double-conductor feeder line; the dielectric layer 3 serves as a fixed support but does not affect the antenna transmission. The outer edge of the dielectric layer is round, and the diameter of the dielectric layer is slightly larger than that of the outer edge of the ternary full-wave vibrator unit 1.
The parallel double-conductor feeder line 2 consists of an upper conductor 21 and a lower conductor 22 which are radially arranged in parallel at intervals T, and three parallel double-conductor feeder lines 23 are distributed in equal angles by taking the circle center of the ternary full-wave vibrator unit 1 as a central connecting point; that is, three parallel double-wire feeder lines 23 are connected into a whole at the central connection point, the included angle between the three parallel double-wire feeder lines 23 is 120 degrees, the upper conductive feeder lines of the three parallel double-wire feeder lines are connected into a whole, namely an upper conductor 21, and the lower conductive feeder lines of the three parallel double-wire feeder lines 23 are connected into a whole, namely a lower conductor 22.
As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, the ternary full-wave oscillator unit 1 is composed of three identical and coplanar circular arc full-wave oscillators 10 and three groups of short-circuit branches 11, the three circular arc full-wave oscillators 10 are uniformly arranged and concentrically arranged into a circular array, parallel double-conductor feeder lines 2 are arranged in the circular array, each parallel double-conductor feeder line 23 feeds one circular arc full-wave oscillator 10, each circular arc full-wave oscillator 10 is composed of an oscillator upper arm 101 and an oscillator lower arm 102, the oscillator upper arm 101 and the oscillator lower arm 102 are spaced to be T and symmetrically arranged at two sides of one parallel double-conductor feeder line 23, oscillator upper arms 101 and oscillator lower arms 102 of the three circular arc full-wave oscillators 10 are all arranged at the same side of the parallel double-conductor feeder line 23, one circular arc full-wave oscillator 10 rotates by a certain angle with the two circular arc full-wave oscillators 10 adjacent to each other, the oscillator upper arm 101 and the oscillator lower arm 102 are respectively electrically connected with the upper conductive feeder line and the lower conductive feeder line of the parallel double-conductor feeder line 23, the oscillator upper arm 101 and the oscillator lower arm 102 are electrically connected with the coplanar upper feeder line of the parallel double-conductor feeder line 23, namely the oscillator upper arm and the oscillator lower arm 23 are electrically connected with the three parallel double-conductor feeder lines respectively.
A group of short circuit branches 11 are rotated and duplicated for three times by taking the center of a ternary full-wave vibrator unit 1 as the center to obtain three groups of short circuit branches 11 which are mutually separated by 120 degrees, each group of short circuit branches 11 is fed by a parallel double-wire feeder 23, the upper branch of each short circuit branch 11 is coplanar and electrically connected with the upper feeder of the parallel double-wire feeder 23, the lower branch of each short circuit branch 11 is coplanar and electrically connected with the lower feeder of the parallel double-wire feeder 23, the upper branch of each short circuit branch 11 is in short circuit connection with the tail end of the lower branch, each group of short circuit branches 11 consists of one short circuit branch A111 and one short circuit branch B112, the short circuit branches A111 and B112 in the same group are opposite in rotation direction, that is, six pairs of short circuit branches 11 are positioned on the same plane with the parallel double-conductor feeder line 2 and are composed of three pairs of short circuit branches A111 and three pairs of short circuit branches B112, the short circuit branches 11 are generally composed of an upper branch and a lower branch which are of the same shape and are arranged in parallel, the upper branch is connected with the upper conductor 21, the lower branch is connected with the lower conductor 22, the ends of the upper branch and the lower branch are provided with short circuit through holes 113, short circuit is realized through metal to form the short circuit branches 11, the three pairs of short circuit branches A111 are respectively connected to the three parallel double-conductor feeder lines 23 in the same direction, and the three pairs of short circuit branches B112 and the three pairs of short circuit branches A111 are arranged in opposite directions and are respectively connected to the three parallel double-conductor feeder lines 23; as shown in fig. 6, three pairs of short-circuit branches a111 of the inner ring are arranged clockwise, and three pairs of short-circuit branches B112 of the outer ring are arranged counterclockwise, otherwise, the same functions and actions can be realized, and only the arrangement directions of the short-circuit branches a and the short-circuit branches B are opposite.
The center of the parallel double-conductor feeder 2 is fed with a 50 Ω coaxial cable 4, i.e. the inner conductor of the coaxial cable is soldered to the upper conductor 21 of the parallel double-conductor feeder 2, the outer conductor of the coaxial cable is soldered to the lower conductor 22 of the parallel double-conductor feeder 2, or the inner conductor of the coaxial cable is soldered to the lower conductor 22 of the parallel double-conductor feeder 2, and the outer conductor of the coaxial cable is soldered to the upper conductor 21 of the parallel double-conductor feeder 2.
The parallel double-wire feeder 23 is formed by cascading a plurality of conductor segments of different lengths and widths.
The short circuit branch 11 is arc-shaped or linear, and the central arc length of the arc-shaped short circuit branch 11 is (0.25-0.35) xλ c Width ofW=（0.01~0.08）×λ c . The length of the short-circuit branch 11 is (0.25-0.35) xλ c Width ofW=（0.01~0.08）×λ c 。
The dielectric layer has a dielectric constant εr and a loss angle tan delta, wherein εr=1 to 20. The dielectric layer is a dielectric substrate including air.
The diameter of the ternary full-wave vibrator unit is 0.75λ c -1.0λ c 。
The manufacturing process of the full-wave vibrator horizontal polarization omnidirectional antenna is that a ternary full-wave vibrator unit 1 and a parallel feeder line parallel double-conductor feeder line 2 are integrally printed and formed by adopting a PCB printing process, or the ternary full-wave vibrator unit 1 and the parallel feeder line parallel double-conductor feeder line 2 are integrally processed and formed by adopting a sheet metal process, and a vibrator upper arm 101 and a vibrator lower arm 102 are separated by an air gap and fixedly supported by a medium block.
The design method of the full-wave vibrator horizontal polarization omnidirectional antenna comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a space rectangular coordinate system, see fig. 1;
and step two, constructing a full-wave vibrator unit. In the XOY plane, the coordinate origin O is used as the center of a circle, the R is used as the radius to serve as an arc vibrator, the arc vibrator is divided into a vibrator upper arm and a vibrator lower arm which are separated, and then the vibrator lower arm is moved downwards (-Z axis direction) by a distance T, so that the two arms are respectively positioned on an upper plane and a lower plane, and the plane distance is T. Then, a pair of flat double-conductor feeder lines are made along the +X axis direction by taking the circle center O as an end point, and the upper and lower conductors of the feeder lines are respectively positioned on the same plane with the upper and lower arms of the vibrator, and the feeder lines consist of multiple sections of unequal length and width conversion sections. For impedance tuning, a pair of arc-shaped or linear short-circuit branches are further added to two sides of the feeder line respectively, wherein the arc-shaped branches are positioned at the middle position of the feeder line, and the direction is clockwise; the other pair of arc branches is close to the arc vibrators, the direction is anticlockwise, and after the arc vibrators are connected with the feeder line into a whole, one arm of the Alford loop antenna is formed, as shown in fig. 3;
step three, constructing a full-wave oscillator Alford loop antenna, rotating and copying the full-wave oscillator unit in the step two along the Z axis for N=3 times, combining the three parts into a whole to form a ternary full-wave oscillator Alford loop antenna with an interval angle of θ=120 DEG, and then arranging two oscillatorsThe gap between the arms and the parallel double-conductor feeder is filled with a dielectric layer with dielectric constant and loss angle of epsilon r and tan delta respectively, and the thickness of the dielectric layer is equal to the upper-lower distance between the two arms of the vibratorTThe outer edge of the ring is round. At the end of each short circuit branch of the three pairs of parallel double-conductor feeder lines, a metallized short circuit via hole passes through the dielectric layer, as shown in fig. 5-6;
and step four, feeding the coaxial lines in the center of the array. A standard 50 omega coaxial cable is used for connecting the central feed point of the circular ring array, and the inner conductor and the outer conductor of the coaxial cable are respectively welded on the upper surface bonding pad and the lower surface bonding pad of the dielectric layer to feed the whole antenna.
Preferably, the full-wave vibrator horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna is composed ofN=3The element full-wave vibrator units are arranged in a coplanar mode to form an Alford circular array antenna; the vibrator is arc-shaped, and the total length of the arc-shaped center of the two armsS=（0.85~1.15）×λ c Adjacent circular arc full wave vibrator center interval angleθ=120 ° ± 25 °, arc full-wave oscillator width d= (0.85 to 1.15) ×λ c 。
Preferably, the full wave vibrator horizontally polarizes the omni-directional antenna,N=3the internal feeder line of the element full-wave oscillator Alford ring array antenna is a printed balance double conductor, and is formed by cascading a plurality of sections of conductor segments with different lengths and widths, and extends from the center of the array to the full-wave oscillator direction; each pair of parallel double-wire feeder is provided with two short circuit branches, one branch is close to the middle position of the feeder and is in anticlockwise rotation, the other branch is close to the vibrator and is parallel to one arm of the vibrator, the rotation direction is clockwise, or one branch is close to the middle position of the feeder and is in clockwise rotation, the other branch is close to the vibrator and is parallel to one arm of the vibrator, and the rotation direction is anticlockwise; the most end or the position close to the end of the short-circuit branch is provided with a metallized short-circuit via hole.
Preferably, the full-wave vibrator horizontally polarizes the omni-directional antenna, that is, three full-wave vibrators form an Alford ring array, the center or the center of a circle column is a feeding point, and the full-wave vibrator is directly fed by a standard 50Ω coaxial cable, and the inner conductor and the outer conductor of the full-wave vibrator are respectively connected with the center pads of the upper arm and the lower arm of the Alford ring.
Preferably, the dielectric constant epsilonr=1 to 20 of the substrate material of the full-wave vibrator horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna is various common dielectric substrates including air, such as Rogers series, taconic series and aron series.
The application has the positive progress effect that the following measures are adopted: 1) Constructing an arc full-wave vibrator unit; 2) Three circular arc full wave vibrators are arranged into a uniform circular array; 3) Adopting balanced double-wire feed and having two tuning short circuit branches; 4) The 50 omega cable feeds from the center of the circle, thus ensuring the out-of-roundness of the directional diagram. By adopting the measures, the ternary full-wave vibrator horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna of the application realizes ultra-wideband (1.70-2.70 GHz, VSWR is less than or equal to 2.13, BW=1.0 GHz in the LTE frequency band,>45.45 percent and higher gainG=2.0-3.2 dBi), better horizontal omni-direction (low frequency out-of-roundness<5dB, three high frequency lobes), high efficiencyη A 87%), high power capacity, simple feed design, small diameter (≡0.72×)λ L ，λ L Is the lowest operating frequency) and ultra-low profile (≡0.09×)λ L ). Compared with the scheme formed by the conventional half-wave vibrators, the method has the advantages of being novel in thought, clear in principle, universal in method, simple to realize, low in cost, suitable for mass production and the like, and is a preferable scheme of wide-band, high-gain and low-cost horizontal polarization omnidirectional. Moreover, the design and improvement of miniaturized high-gain horizontal polarization omnidirectional array antenna, multi-band horizontal polarization omnidirectional antenna and miniaturized H/V dual polarization omnidirectional antenna are applicable and effective.
FIG. 7 shows the input impedance of a full-wave dipole horizontally polarized omnidirectional antennaZ in Is a frequency characteristic of (2). Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyfThe unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y axis) is the impedanceZ in In omega, the solid line represents the real partR in The dotted line represents the imaginary partX in . As shown in the figure, in the frequency band of 1.70-2.70GHz, the real part and the imaginary part change ranges are respectively: the impedance characteristics of the broadband are obvious from +28 to +100 omega to +40 to +35 omega.
FIG. 8 is a full wave dipole horizontally polarized omnidirectional antennaStanding wave ratio VSWR curve. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyfThe unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is VSWR. According to the graph, the antenna achieves good impedance matching in an LTE frequency band (1.70-2.70 GHz, BW=1 GHz), the standing wave ratio VSWR is less than or equal to 2.13, the minimum reaches 1.487, the relative bandwidth is greater than 45.45%, and ultra-wideband operation is achieved.
Fig. 9 shows the reflection coefficient of the full-wave vibrator horizontally polarized omnidirectional antennaS 11 Graph I. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyfThe unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y axis) isS 11 Amplitude of |S 11 I, in dB. As shown in the figure, the antenna realizes good impedance matching and reflection coefficient|in LTE frequency band (1.70-2.70 GHz, BW=1 GHz)S 11 The absolute bandwidth is less than or equal to-8.81 dB, the minimum is up to-14.16 dB, and the relative bandwidth is more than 45.45%, so that ultra-wideband operation is realized.
Fig. 10 shows a full wave dipole horizontally polarized omnidirectional antennaf 1 Gain pattern of =1.70 GHz. Wherein the solid line represents the H-plane and the broken line represents the E-plane; the H surface is close to a perfect circle, the out-of-roundness of a peak-to-peak value is less than 2.35dB, and the horizontal uniformity is good; the E-plane beam is wider, hpbw=116.0°, gainG=2.0 dBi, equivalent to a half-wave oscillator, at least 1dBi higher than an Alford loop antenna constituted by a conventional half-wave oscillator.
Fig. 11 shows a full wave dipole horizontally polarized omnidirectional antennaf 2 Gain pattern of =1.95 GHz. Wherein the solid line represents the H-plane and the broken line represents the E-plane; the H surface is close to a perfect circle, the out-of-roundness of a peak-to-peak value is less than 3.21dB, and the horizontal uniformity is good; the E-plane beam is wider, hpbw= 124.67 °, gainG=2.25 dBi, equivalent to a half-wave oscillator, at least 1dBi higher than an Alford loop antenna constituted by a conventional half-wave oscillator.
Fig. 12 shows a full wave dipole horizontally polarized omnidirectional antennaf 3 Gain pattern of =2.20 GHz. Wherein the solid line represents the H-plane and the broken line represents the E-plane; the H surface is close to a perfect circle, the out-of-roundness of a peak-to-peak value is less than 9.18dB, the horizontal uniformity is poor, and the three-lobe shape is obvious; the E-plane beam is wider, hpbw= 130.15 °, gainG=3.0 dBi, equivalent to half-wave vibrator, compared with Alfo composed of conventional half-wave vibratorThe rd loop antenna is at least 1.5dBi higher.
Fig. 13 shows a full wave dipole horizontally polarized omnidirectional antennaf 4 Gain pattern of =2.45 GHz. Wherein the solid line represents the H-plane and the broken line represents the E-plane; the H surface is close to a perfect circle, the out-of-roundness of a peak-to-peak value is less than 14.63dB, the horizontal uniformity is poor, and the three-lobe shape is obvious; the E-plane beam is wider, hpbw= 119.33 °, gainG=2.82 dBi, equivalent to a half-wave oscillator, at least 1.5dBi higher than an Alford loop antenna constituted by a conventional half-wave oscillator.
Fig. 14 shows a full wave dipole horizontally polarized omnidirectional antennaf 5 Gain pattern of =2.70 GHz. Wherein the solid line represents the H-plane and the broken line represents the E-plane; the H surface is close to a perfect circle, the out-of-roundness of a peak-to-peak value is less than 17.27dB, the horizontal uniformity is poor, and the three-lobe shape is obvious; the E-plane beam is wider, hpbw=118.0°, gainG=3.19 dBi, equivalent to a half-wave oscillator, at least 1.5dBi higher than an Alford loop antenna constituted by a conventional half-wave oscillator.
Fig. 15 shows gain of a full wave dipole horizontally polarized omnidirectional antennaGWith frequencyfChanging characteristics. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyfThe unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y axis) is gainGThe unit is dBi; the solid line is the maximum gainG m The dotted line is the horizontal gainG H (theta=90°, XOY plane), in-band maximum gain, as seen from the figureGmHorizontal gainG H The change ranges are respectively as follows: 2.0-3.20 dBi and 1.88-3.08 dBi, the total gain and the horizontal gain are high, the flatness of the in-band, especially high frequency is good, and the gain, especially the horizontal gain, is far better than that of an Alford loop antenna formed by a conventional half-wave oscillator.
FIG. 16 is a graph showing H-plane out-of-roundness of a full-wave dipole horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna with frequencyfA change curve. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyfThe unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is out of roundness in degrees dB. As shown in the figure, in the whole frequency band, the out-of-roundness (omnidirectionality or uniformity) of the peak-to-peak value of the horizontal plane (H plane) directional diagram is 2.35-31.39 dB, the low frequency has ideal horizontal uniform radiation characteristic, and the high frequency has obvious three-lobe or three-sector characteristic.
FIG. 17 shows E-plane (vertical plane) half-power beamwidth HBPW of a full-wave dipole horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna with frequencyfChanging characteristics. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyfThe unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is the beam width in degrees (deg). As shown in the figure, the half power bandwidth of the E plane is: hpbw=112 o ~130.7 o The E-plane wave width is wider and the in-band difference is smaller.
Fig. 18 shows the efficiency of a full wave dipole horizontally polarized omnidirectional antennaη A With frequencyfA change curve. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyfThe unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is efficiency. As can be seen, the antenna efficiency is within the entire frequency bandη A More than or equal to 87 percent, up to 96.2 percent, and is at least 10 to 15 percent higher than that of an Alford loop antenna formed by a conventional half-wave vibrator.
The foregoing is merely a preferred example of the present application and is not intended to limit or define the application. Various modifications and alterations of this application will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of protection claimed in the present application.
Claims (6)
1. Full wave oscillator horizontal polarization omnidirectional antenna, its characterized in that: the coaxial cable comprises a full-wave vibrator Alford loop antenna and a 50Ω coaxial cable for feeding the full-wave vibrator Alford loop antenna;
the full-wave oscillator Alford loop antenna comprises a ternary full-wave oscillator unit (1) in a circular array, a parallel double-conductor feeder line (2) for feeding the ternary full-wave oscillator unit (1), and a dielectric layer (3) filled between the ternary full-wave oscillator unit and the parallel double-conductor feeder line and having a thickness T;
the parallel double-conductor feeder line (2) consists of an upper conductor (21) and a lower conductor (22) which are radially arranged in parallel at intervals T, and three parallel double-conductor feeder lines (23) are distributed according to 120 degrees by taking the circle center of the ternary full-wave vibrator unit (1) as a center connecting point;
the ternary full-wave vibrator unit (1) consists of three identical and coplanar arc full-wave vibrators (10) and three groups of short-circuit branches (11), the three arc full-wave vibrators (10) are uniformly arranged and concentrically arranged into a circular array, parallel double-conductor feeder lines (2) are arranged in the circular array, each parallel double-conductor feeder line (23) feeds one arc full-wave vibrator (10), each arc full-wave vibrator (10) consists of a vibrator upper arm (101) and a vibrator lower arm (102), the vibrator upper arm (101) and the vibrator lower arms (102) are spaced to be T and symmetrically arranged at two sides of one parallel double-conductor feeder line (23), the vibrator upper arm (101) is coplanar and electrically connected with an upper feeder line of the parallel double-conductor feeder line (23), the vibrator lower arms (102) are coplanar and electrically connected with a lower feeder line of the parallel double-conductor feeder line (23), three groups of short-circuit branches (11) are rotationally duplicated three times by taking the center of the ternary full-wave vibrator unit (1) as the center to obtain three groups of short-circuit branches (11) which are mutually spaced to be identical 120 DEG, each group of short-circuit branches (11) is connected with the upper branch (23) and the lower branch (23) of the parallel double-conductor feeder line (23) in a coplanar mode, each group of short circuit branches (11) consists of a short circuit branch A (111) and a short circuit branch B (112), and the short circuit branches A (111) and the short circuit branches B (112) in the same group are opposite in rotation direction;
the short circuit branch (11) is arc-shaped or linear, and the central arc length of the arc-shaped short circuit branch (11) is (0.25-0.35) xλ c Width ofW=（0.01~0.08）×λ c The length of the short circuit branch (11) is (0.25-0.35) xλ c Width ofW=（0.01~0.08）×λ c ；
The total length of the arcs at the centers of the two arms of the arc full-wave vibrator (10)S=（0.85~1.15）×λ c Vibrator center interval angle of adjacent arc full wave vibrators (10)θ=The width of the arc full-wave vibrator (10) is 120 degrees plus or minus 25 degreesD=（0.85~1.15）×λ c ；λ c Representing the center frequency wavelength;
the 50 ohm coaxial cable feeds the center of the parallel double-conductor feeder line (2).
2. The full wave dipole horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna of claim 1, wherein: the parallel double-wire feeder line (23) is formed by cascading a plurality of conductor sections with different lengths and widths.
3. The full wave dipole horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna of claim 1, wherein: the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer is epsilon r, and the loss angle is tan delta, wherein epsilon r=1-20.
4. A full wave dipole horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna as recited in claim 1 or 3, further comprising: the dielectric layer is a dielectric substrate comprising air.
5. The full wave dipole horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna of claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the ternary full-wave vibrator unit is 0.75λ c -1.0λ c 。
6. The full wave dipole horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna of claim 1, wherein: the three-element full-wave vibrator unit (1) and the parallel double-conductor feeder (2) of the parallel feeder are integrally printed and formed by adopting a PCB printing process, or the three-element full-wave vibrator unit (1) and the parallel double-conductor feeder (2) of the parallel feeder are integrally processed and formed by adopting a sheet metal process, and the upper vibrator arm (101) and the lower vibrator arm (102) are fixedly supported by using a medium block at intervals of an air gap.
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| CN109088169B (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2023-08-22 | 广东通宇通讯股份有限公司 | Ultra-wideband high-gain horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna |
| CN110011037B (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2024-01-30 | 深圳市安拓浦科技有限公司 | Vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna and dual-polarization omnidirectional antenna thereof |
| CN112615150B (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2023-04-28 | 上海中兴易联通讯股份有限公司 | Horizontally polarized omnidirectional radiation unit |
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