CN108039578A - A kind of omnidirectional antenna - Google Patents
A kind of omnidirectional antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN108039578A CN108039578A CN201711295777.5A CN201711295777A CN108039578A CN 108039578 A CN108039578 A CN 108039578A CN 201711295777 A CN201711295777 A CN 201711295777A CN 108039578 A CN108039578 A CN 108039578A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
- H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
- H01Q9/285—Planar dipole
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
- H01Q21/205—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path providing an omnidirectional coverage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
- H01Q5/28—Arrangements for establishing polarisation or beam width over two or more different wavebands
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- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of omnidirectional antenna, including the double frequency loop aerial that low frequency loop aerial and high-frequency ring antenna are formed；The low frequency loop aerial is arranged in round battle array by some low-frequency vibrators；The high-frequency ring antenna is arranged in round battle array by some high frequency oscillators, and each high and low frequency oscillator includes upper arm and underarm；The coplanar antenna upper arm for forming double frequency annular of upper arm of the high and low frequency oscillator；The coplanar antenna underarm for forming double frequency annular of underarm of the high and low frequency oscillator.Medium basic unit is set between antenna upper arm and underarm.The antenna of the present invention is a kind of preferably double-frequency broadband horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of radio antenna equipment and technology, more particularly to a kind of omnidirectional antenna and its technology.
Background technology
Omnidirectional antenna is most simple, most basic, most original antenna type in wireless communication field, because its omnidirectional radiation,
Small size, it is light-weight, inexpensive the characteristics of, be still widely used scene in engineering field, such as fixed launching pad and it is mobile eventually
End.Since terminal device relative to the position and orientation of base transmitting stations is arbitrary, not only can guarantee that using omnidirectional antenna good
Good communication efficiency, can also reduce equipment size and cost.Obviously, the uniformity of antenna pattern（That is out-of-roundness）It is omnidirectional
The key index of antenna.In addition, bandwidth and polarization are also the important performance indexes of omnidirectional antenna.For a long time, Ren Menfa
Bright omnidirectional antenna is mostly single vertical polarization that list/dipole is formed.In addition, compared to the directional aerial of sectorization, omnidirectional antenna
It can not realize space diversity, therefore power system capacity is relatively low, is not suitable for macro base station.This shortcoming can pass through point of quadrature dualpolarized
Collection design is overcome.
At present, dual-polarization omnidirectional antenna is mostly H/V dual polarizations, and ± 45oPolarization is then relatively fewer, and two kinds of cross polarizations
All it is one-segment.With the continuous evolution of network, Dual-band dual-polarization is by as the important development trend of omnidirectional antenna.Dual polarization is again
Plus two-band, antenna omnidirectional antenna performance can be made further to be lifted, application field will be able to continue to extend.However, double frequency is double
The technical difficulty of polarized omnidirectional antenna is high far beyond single-frequency situation, and Major Difficulties are double frequency horizontal polarization horizontal omnidirectional unit day
The design of line, and the design of vertical polarization double-frequency omnidirectional antenna is then relatively easy.At present, horizontal polarization（H）Omnidirectional element antenna
Double frequency or ultra wide band work are difficult to realize, is wireless communication also all there are directional diagram is undesirable, size is big, bulky shortcoming
In key equipment and technical bottleneck.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is：A kind of omnidirectional antenna is provided, mainly solves the omnidirectional antennas of the prior art
Line can not realize double frequency or ultra wide band work.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：A kind of omnidirectional antenna, including low-frequency antenna with
And high frequency antenna；The omnidirectional antenna includes the double frequency loop aerial that low frequency loop aerial and high-frequency ring antenna are formed；It is described
Low frequency loop aerial is located at outside, and high-frequency ring antenna is located on the inside of low frequency loop aerial；The low frequency loop aerial is by some
Low-frequency vibrator is arranged in round battle array, and each low-frequency vibrator includes low-frequency vibrator upper arm and underarm；The high-frequency ring antenna is by some
High frequency oscillator is arranged in round battle array, and each high frequency vibrating attached bag includes upper arm and underarm；The coplanar formation of upper arm of the high and low frequency oscillator is double
The antenna upper arm of frequency annular；The coplanar antenna underarm for forming double frequency annular of underarm of the high and low frequency oscillator；The antenna upper arm
With antenna underarm respectively be located at intervals ofDUpper and lower surface.
Low-frequency vibrator circle battle array and high frequency oscillator circle battle array are coplanar concentric in the upper and lower arm of antenna；The low-frequency vibrator shakes to be equivalent
Son；The low-frequency vibrator embeds parasitic minor matters；The high frequency oscillator internal notches；The double frequency loop aerial is double frequency Alford
The coplanar arrangement of ring；Medium basic unit is set between the antenna upper arm and antenna underarm, and the antenna upper arm is located in medium basic unit
Surface, the line underarm are located at the lower surface of medium basic unit.
The upper arm and underarm of the antenna further comprise that oscillator is connected to the central point of round battle array and is presented by conductor feeder line
Electricity；The upper arm of the same group high and low frequency oscillator shares conductor feeder line described in same root and merges feed, described with the high and low frequency vibration of group
The underarm of son shares another conductor feeder line merging and feeds, and two conductor feeder lines in same group are parallel to each other.
A pair of short-circuit minor matters of loading on the inside of the low frequency loop aerial, the symmetrical open circuit of high-frequency ring antenna inner side loading
Minor matters；The conductor feeder line is formed by the wide transforming section cascade of more piece Length discrepancy.
Respectively there are one section of arc-shaped short-circuit minor matters, two short-circuit minor matters close to the feeder line transforming section end of low-frequency vibrator
Medium substrate two surface symmetrical above and below for being distributed in antenna, two short-circuit minor matters ends are vertically connected with by metallization VIA；Circular arc
The radian value of shape short circuit minor matters is（0.05~0.20）×π；Respectively there is a circular arc close to the feeder line transforming section rear end of high frequency oscillator
Shape described in open a way minor matters, two arc-shaped open circuit minor matters are symmetrical on feeder line, and are symmetrically distributed in two surface of medium substrate, circular arc
Shape open circuit minor matters terminal open circuit；It is arc-shaped open circuit minor matters radian value be（0.10~0.25）×π；The short circuit minor matters circular arc, circle
Arc open circuit minor matters and oscillator circle battle array are concentric；Each arc-shaped short-circuit minor matters in the upper and lower arm of antenna are located at feeder line side, rotation
To consistent；Arc-shaped open circuit minor matters on the antenna in each arm of underarm are symmetrically positioned in feeder line both sides.
The low-frequency vibrator is arc-shaped folded dipole, including the circular arc in outside converts into side and inner arc feed base,
And surround center gap by the both sides and place the parasitic minor matters；The parasitism minor matters are arc-shaped parasitic minor matters；The low frequency
Two-arm connects oscillator at the center on equivalent side up and down, and the parallel two-conductor feeder line is connected at feed base center；Feed base
Width is more than the width on equivalent side；The width and arc length of parasitic circular arc minor matters are respectively less than folded dipole；Parasitic minor matters are located at medium
Substrate the same face is symmetrically distributed in medium substrate two sides, and two parts that parasitic minor matters are located at medium substrate two sides pass through metal
Change via connection.
The high frequency oscillator is arc-shaped symmetrical dipole, and oscillator inside center opens up an arc-shaped slot, and groove is by oscillator end
Extend to feeder line edge；The high frequency oscillator is half-wave dipole.
The omnidirectional antenna is double-frequency broadband horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna；Low, high frequency oscillator circle battle array radius value range
For：（0.15~0.45）×λ c ；Low, high frequency vibrating subarc degree value range is：（0.25~0.50）×π；Low, high frequency oscillator hem width degree
Value range is：（0.01~0.05）×λ c , whereinλ c Correspond to low frequency centre wavelengthλ cl Or high frequency centre wavelengthλ ch 。
The thickness of medium basic unit is equal to the spacing of two-arm above and below antennaD；The permittivity ε of medium basic unitr>=1.0, medium
The bore of basic unit is more than the outside diameter of low frequency loop aerial；The each pair oscillator of double frequency Alford rings and their own balance two-conductor
Feeder line merges into a single whole to form integrated air feedback unit, the whole integrated antenna feeder for justifying oscillator included in battle array and balanced feeder line
Number of unitN≥3；Justify the bilevel of battle arrayNA integration air feedback unit, respectively constitutes up and down the two of the antenna after merging
Arm；The antenna house of one tubular of bicyclic exterior parcel.
Center of antenna connects the coaxial cable of 50 Ω, and from bottom to top, its internal and external conductor is upper with antenna respectively for cable
Lower two-arm is connected；Low frequency loop aerial and high-frequency ring antenna all byN(NMore than or equal to 3）A identical circular arc oscillator
Line up round formation formula；The oscillator arms of the identical rotation direction of low frequency loop aerial are in medium basic unit the same face, the phase of high-frequency ring antenna
Oscillator arms with rotation direction are in medium basic unit the same face；The oscillator arms rotation direction phase of the high and low frequency loop aerial of medium basic unit the same face
Instead；Antenna overall dimensions for 0.487 ×λ L ,λ L For lowest operating frequency.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, the present invention obtains following technique effect：
Bicyclic coplanar arrangement is respectively adopted so as to provide a kind of pair for wireless communication by using underarm on double frequency oscillator in the present invention
Frequency range, broadband, omni-directional antenna.
Further provide for H polarization, high XPD, higher gain, high efficiency, and low section, simple, inexpensive, easy batch of making
The omnidirectional antenna of production, and be also for multifrequency H polarized omnidirectional antennas, the design of double frequency or multifrequency H/V polarized omnidirectional antennas and improvement
It is applicable in and effective.
Finally, double-frequency broadband horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna of the invention obtains the significant performance boost of more conventional scheme：
First, double wideband work, cover GSM+LTE frequency ranges；2nd, comparatively ideal omnidirectional's directionality, out-of-roundness are less than 3.5dB；3rd, it is higher
Gain, with interior gain up to 1.05 ~ 3.75dBi；4th, preferable cross polarization ratio, XPD are more than 15dB；5th, higher efficiency, band
It is interiorη A ≥82%；6th, less size, diameter about 0.487 ×λ L 。
In addition, the antenna feed of the present invention is simple, can be directly cable-fed with 50 Ω.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that defines of rectangular coordinate system used by antenna model.
Fig. 2 is the top view of the simple oscialltor geometrical model of low frequency Alford loop antennas.
Fig. 3 is the stereogram of the simple oscialltor geometrical model of low frequency Alford loop antennas.
Fig. 4 is the top view of the geometrical model of low frequency Alford loop antennas.
Fig. 5 is the top view of the geometrical model of high frequency Alford loop antennas.
Fig. 6 is the side view of the geometrical model of high frequency Alford loop antennas.
Fig. 7 is the top view of the geometrical model of double wideband Alford loop antennas.
Fig. 8 is the bottom view of the geometrical model of double wideband Alford loop antennas.
Fig. 9 is the top view of the full geometry model of double wideband Alford loop antennas.
Figure 10 is the input impedance of double wideband Alford loop antennasZ in Curve.Wherein, transverse axis（X-axis）It is frequencyf, unit is
GHz；The longitudinal axis（Y-axis）It is impedanceZ in , unit Ω;Solid line represents real partR in , dotted line expression imaginary partX in .Known by figure, in GSM and
In LTE frequency bands（0.768-0.96GHz/1.70~2.70GHz）, real and imaginary parts excursion is respectively：+ 31 ~+90 Ω and-
43.6 ~+30 Ω ,+29.2 ~+88 Ω and -4.3 ~+43.7 Ω, have obvious double-frequency broadband impedance operator.
Figure 11 is the reflectance factor of double wideband Alford loop antennas |S 11 | curve.Wherein, transverse axis（X-axis）It is frequencyf, unit
For GHz；The longitudinal axis（Y-axis）It isS 11 Amplitude |S 11 |, unit dB.Known by figure, antenna realizes GSM and LTE double-frequency broadband impedances
Matching（0.768 ~ 0.96GHz, BW=191MHz, 22.14%；1.70 ~ 2.70GHz, BW=1000MHz, 45.46%；|S 11 |≤-
7.92dB）.
Figure 12 is the standing-wave ratio VSWR curves of double wideband Alford loop antennas.Wherein, transverse axis（X-axis）It is frequencyf, unit is
GHz；The longitudinal axis（Y-axis）It is VSWR.Known by figure, antenna realizes GSM and LTE double-frequency broadband impedance matchings（0.768 ~ 0.96GHz,
VSWR≤2.387, BW=191MHz, 22.14%；1.70 ~ 2.70GHz, VSWR≤2.325, BW=1000MHz, 45.46%）.
Figure 13 is that double wideband Alford loop antennas existf 1 The 2D gain patterns of=0.768GHz frequency points.Wherein, solid line represents
E- faces（Horizontal plane）, dotted line expression H- faces（Vertical plane）；Fair line represents main polarization, and dotted line represents cross polarization.Known by figure, increased
BenefitG=1.30dBi；Horizontal plane（E faces）With preferable out-of-roundness（<0.24dB）, and XPD is compared in the cross polarization of E faces>30dB.
Figure 14 is that double wideband Alford loop antennas existf 2 The 2D gain patterns of=0.96GHz frequency points.Wherein, solid line represents
E- faces（Horizontal plane）, dotted line expression H- faces（Vertical plane）;Fair line represents main polarization, and dotted line represents cross polarization.Known by figure, increased
BenefitG=1.01dBi；Horizontal plane（E faces）With preferable out-of-roundness（<.0.48dB）, and XPD is compared in the cross polarization of E faces>30dB.
Figure 15 is that double wideband Alford loop antennas existf 3 The 2D gain patterns of=1.70GHz frequency points.Wherein, solid line represents
E- faces（Horizontal plane）, dotted line expression H- faces（Vertical plane）；Fair line represents main polarization, and dotted line represents cross polarization.Known by figure, increased
BenefitG=1.13dBi；E faces out-of-roundness is preferable（<0.40dB）, and XPD is compared in the cross polarization of E faces>40dB.
Figure 16 is that double wideband Alford loop antennas existf 4 The 2D gain patterns of=2.20GHz frequency points.Wherein, solid line represents
E- faces（Horizontal plane）, dotted line expression H- faces（Vertical plane）；Fair line represents main polarization, and dotted line represents cross polarization.Known by figure, increased
BenefitG=1.863dBi；E faces out-of-roundness is preferable（<1.50dB）, and XPD is compared in the cross polarization of E faces>30dB.
Figure 17 is that double wideband Alford loop antennas existf 5 The 2D gain patterns of=2.70GHz frequency points.Wherein, solid line represents
E- faces（Horizontal plane）, dotted line expression H- faces（Vertical plane）；Fair line represents main polarization, and dotted line represents cross polarization.Known by figure, increased
BenefitG=3.70dBi；Horizontal plane（Theta=90 °, E faces out-of-roundness are preferable（<1.50dB）, E faces average cross polarization ratio XPD>
15dB。
Figure 18 is the E faces out-of-roundness of double wideband Alford loop antennas with frequencyfChange curve.Known by figure, antenna is in low frequency
And high band, directional diagram E faces out-of-roundness are respectively smaller than 0.5dB, 3.5dB.
Figure 19 is the H- faces of each frequency point of double wideband Alford loop antennas（Vertical plane）Half-power beam width HBPW is with frequencyf
Variation characteristic.Wherein, transverse axis（X-axis）It is frequencyf, unit GHz；The longitudinal axis（Y-axis）It is beam angle, unit degree of being（deg）.By
Figure knows, H faces wide HPBW=102.5 of half-power ripple in low-frequency bando~115o, wide HPBW=126 of low frequency part ripple of high bando~
144o, wide HPBW=35 of radio-frequency head partial waveo~62.5o, ripple it is widef=1.95GHz nearby has violent saltus step；
Figure 20 is the maximum gain of double wideband Alford loop antennas with frequencyfVariation characteristic.Wherein, transverse axis（X-axis）It is frequencyf,
Unit is GHz；The longitudinal axis（Y-axis）It is gain, unit is dBi.Known by figure, the gain variation range in low high frequency band isG=1.30~
1.35dBi, 1.05 ~ 3.75dBi, the former changes gently with frequency, and high frequency is then larger with frequency fluctuation.
Figure 21 is the efficiency of double wideband Alford loop antennasη A With frequencyfChange curve.Wherein, transverse axis（X-axis）It is frequencyf, unit GHz；The longitudinal axis（Y-axis）It is efficiency.Known by figure, in low high frequency band, antenna efficiencyη A >=82%, most of frequency rangeη A ≥
90%, efficiency is very high.
This paper attached drawings are for being expanded on further and understand to the present invention, and a part for constitution instruction, with this
The specific embodiment of invention is used to explain the present invention together, but is not construed as limiting the invention or limits.
Embodiment
The preferred embodiment of invention is provided below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, with the technical solution that the present invention will be described in detail.Here, will give
Going out respective drawings, the present invention is described in detail.It should be strongly noted that the example as described herein that is preferable to carry out only is used
In the description and interpretation present invention, the present invention is not limited to or limited.
It is contemplated that for wireless communication provide a kind of two-band, broadband, horizontal omnidirectional, horizontal polarization, high XPD, compared with
High-gain, high efficiency, and simple, inexpensive, easy batch of low section, making H polarized omnidirectional antenna produced, and be multifrequency H polarization
Omnidirectional antenna, the design of double frequency or multifrequency H/V polarized omnidirectional antennas and improvement provide beneficial reference method.
With reference to shown in Fig. 1-9, the embodiment of the present invention is lifted by taking a kind of double-frequency broadband horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna 10 as an example
Example explanation, including the double frequency loop aerial that low frequency loop aerial 200 and high-frequency ring antenna 300 are formed.High-frequency ring antenna 300
Positioned at the inner side of low frequency loop aerial 200.The low frequency loop aerial 200 is arranged in round battle array by some low-frequency vibrators 201, each
Low-frequency vibrator 201 includes the low-frequency vibrator upper arm 21 and underarm 22 for being located at the lower planes at intervals of D respectively.The high-frequency ring
Antenna 300 is arranged in round battle array by some high frequency oscillators 301, and each high frequency oscillator 301 includes high frequency oscillator upper arm 31 and underarm 32；
The coplanar antenna upper arm 11 for forming double frequency annular of upper arm of the high and low frequency oscillator；The coplanar shape of underarm of the high and low frequency oscillator
Into the antenna underarm 12 of double frequency annular.
Low-frequency vibrator circle battle array and high frequency oscillator circle battle array are coplanar concentric in the upper and lower arm of antenna.The low-frequency vibrator 201 is equivalent
Oscillator；The low-frequency vibrator embeds parasitic minor matters 202.301 internal notches of high frequency oscillator；The double frequency loop aerial is double
The coplanar arrangement of frequency Alford rings.Medium basic unit 100, the antenna upper arm are set between the antenna upper arm 11 and antenna underarm 12
11 are located at medium basic unit upper surface 101, and the antenna underarm 12 is located at the lower surface 102 of medium basic unit.
The upper arm and underarm of antenna further comprise that oscillator is connected to the center of round battle array by conductor feeder line 23O,O'Point carries out
Feed；The upper arm with group high and low frequency oscillator shares conductor feeder line 23 described in same root and merges feed, described high and low with organizing
The underarm of frequency vibration shares another merging of conductor feeder line 23 and feeds, and two conductor feeder lines 23 in same group are parallel to each other.
The low-frequency vibrator 201 is arc-shaped folded dipole, including the circular arc in outside converts into side 221 and inner arc feedback
Electric side 222, and surround center gap 24 by the both sides and place the parasitic minor matters 202.The parasitism minor matters 202 are posted to be arc-shaped
Raw minor matters.Two-arm connects the low-frequency vibrator at the center 203 on equivalent side up and down, and at feed base center, connection is described parallel double
Conductor feeder line 23.
In the embodiment of the present invention, low frequency loop aerial 200 and high-frequency ring antenna 300, are all identical by four
Circular arc oscillator line up round formation formula.
The upper underarm of the respective oscillator of low frequency loop aerial 200 and high-frequency ring antenna 300 is respectively flat positioned at upper and lower two
Face.Corresponding low-frequency vibrator arm forms outside low frequency ring or low frequency circle battle array in each layer oscillator surface, and it is high that high frequency oscillator arms form inner side
Coplanar feeder line merges to form double frequency loop configuration or double frequency circle battle array with one heart for frequency ring or high frequency circle battle array, two rings or circle battle array.Parallel conductor
Feeder line 23 connects on oscillator underarm to the center of circle up and down of double frequency loop aerial respectivelyO,O'。
In some embodiments, the double Alford ring schemes of plane are selected, low frequency Alford ring sizes are larger, are arranged in
Outside；High frequency Alford ring sizes are smaller, are arranged in inner side.The oscillator arms of the identical rotation direction of same Alford rings are in medium base
100 the same face of layer, and the oscillator arms rotation direction of two Alford rings of medium basic unit the same face is just opposite.In double Alford rings days
Line centerO,O', connect the coaxial cable of 50 Ω, cable passes through medium basic unit from bottom to top, its internal and external conductor respectively with it is double
The center end 307 of the feeder line of parallel conductor up and down 23 of loop antenna is connected, and is fed so as to fulfill the oscillator arms to each oscillator.
The double loop antenna structure of the present invention is more particularly described further below.
Low frequency loop aerial 200 is arranged in round formation formula including some low-frequency vibrators 201 and is used as outside low frequency ring, with one
Illustrated exemplified by low frequency radiating element 20.
In the present embodiment, low frequency radiating element 20 includes the arc-shaped folded dipole 201 of low frequency, is embedded inside oscillator 201
Arc-shaped parasitic minor matters 202 and a pair of parallel conductor feeder line 23.Parallel conductor feeder line 23 by folded dipole 201 feed
Side center is respectively connected to the center of circle of antennaO、O'Carry out apex drive.Further, in the inner side of folded dipole 201, led in two
One section of arc-shaped minor matters 204 is respectively set on body feeder line 23.The arc-shaped minor matters 204 of two-section are symmetrical above and below and the short circuit of two end 206 connects
Connect.
The arc-shaped folded dipole 201 of low frequency includes arc-shaped low-frequency vibrator upper arm 21 and arc-shaped low-frequency vibrator underarm 22,
The inside of oscillator 201 limits arc-shaped gaps 24 and is used to install arc-shaped parasitic minor matters 202.As a kind of embodiment, arc-shaped folding
Close the overall circular arc total length of oscillator 201S l ≈0.5×λ cl （λ cl For low frequency centre wavelength）, including the outer arc folding being parallel to each other
The arc-shaped gaps 24 that conjunction side and inner arc feed base and the both sides limit jointly.Two outer arcs convert into side 211,221 and exist
Short circuit connection is for example connected by metallization VIA at equivalent side center 203, and two feed bases 212,222 are in feed base central point point
Not Lian Jie conductor feeder line 23, and the center of circle is extended parallel to by the two conductors feeder line 23O、O'Carry out central shaft feed.
Oscillator upper arm 21 and oscillator underarm 22 are located at the upper and lower surface of medium basic unit 100 respectively.Arc-shaped convert into of low frequency is shaken
The upper arm 21 of son 201 is with 22 shape of underarm identical, oppositely oriented and respectively positioned at medium basic unit two surfaces, feed line 23 up and down
Heteropleural, it is parallel with inner arc feed base that each arm outer arc converts into side.
In certain embodiments, feed base（Inner edge）212nd, 222 width is more than equivalent side（Outside）211st, 221 width.
The parasitic circular arc minor matters 202 at oscillator center, its width and arc length are respectively less than folded dipole 201.
Each parasitic minor matters 202 of multiple low-frequency vibrators 201 in 100 the same face of medium basic unit or can be symmetrically distributed in substrate
100 two sides, two parts are connected by metallization VIA.
The arc-shaped folded dipole 201 of low frequency radiating element 20 can be become folded dipole by conventional half-wave dipole, and
Its internal parasitic oscillator 202 of loading one is formed.
Referring again to Fig. 5-6, high-frequency ring antenna 300 is to be arranged in by some high frequency oscillators 30 in the form of symmetrical dipole
Circle battle array structure.The symmetrical dipole of oscillator 30 can be conventionally form, but its inside center is provided with an arc-shaped slot, and groove is by oscillator end
End extends to feeder line edge.Specifically, high frequency radiating element 30 includes high frequency circular arc symmetrical dipole 301, is half-wave dipole, and two
The inside center of arm 31,32 drives cannelure 302, and cannelure 302 extends to feeder line edge, 31,32 pairs of two-arm along oscillator end
Ground is claimed to be located at 23 both sides of feeder line, the arm 31,32 of symmetrical dipole 301 is located at two plane up and down of space D respectively, i.e., respectively positioned at Jie
The upper and lower surface of matter basic unit 100, two-arm 31,32 is merged by a pair of conductors feeder line 23 with corresponding low-frequency vibrator to be fed.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the feeder line 23 of each oscillator is to use but be not limited to the wide transforming section connection of more piece Length discrepancy
Into parallel two-conductor, it is simultaneously symmetrically opened in the short-circuit minor matters 205 of the inner side of low-frequency vibrator 201 loading, the loading of the inner side of high frequency oscillator 301
Road minor matters 303.
In certain embodiments, double frequency Alford loop antennas are fed using parallel two-conductor feeder line 23, conductor
Formed by the wide cascade of transforming section 204,207,304 ~ 307 of more piece Length discrepancy；In the first feeder line close to low-frequency vibrator arm 21,22
There is one section of arc-shaped short-circuit minor matters 205 in 204 end of transforming section, and minor matters 205 are symmetrically distributed in 100 two sides 101,102 of medium basic unit
And it is located at 23 homonymy of feeder line, end 206 is vertically connected with by metallization VIA, and the radian value of minor matters 205 is：（0.05~
0.20）× π, it is concentric with oscillator circle battle array.
In the feeder line transforming section close to high frequency oscillator arms 31,32（Such as the 3rd section）There are an arc-shaped open circuit minor matters in rear end
303, minor matters 303 are symmetrical on feeder line 23, and are symmetrically distributed in 100 two sides of medium basic unit, the terminal open circuit of minor matters 303, minor matters
303 radian value is：（0.10~0.25）×π.
High frequency Alford loop antennas are located at the inner side of low frequency Alford rings, it is different from low frequency Alford rings part：1）
Circular arc oscillator is conventional half wave oscillator but center grooved, two-arm total lengthS h ≈0.5×λ ch （λ ch For high frequency centre wavelength）；2）Feedback
303 terminal open circuit of minor matters on line, it is not only symmetrical above and below, it is also symmetrical on 23 both sides of feeder line.
In double-frequency broadband horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna 10, radius, radian and the width value model of its low high frequency Alford ring
Enclose respectively：（0.15~0.45）×λ c 、（0.25~0.50）× π and（0.01~0.05）×λ c ；λ c Correspond to low frequency centre wavelengthλ cl Or high frequency centre wavelengthλ ch 。
The each pair high and low frequency circular arc oscillator of double frequency loop aerial 10 is merged into their own balance two-conductor feeder line 23
Integrally formed integration air feedback unit, oscillator and balanced feeder line integrated unit number included in whole circle battle arrayN≥3；Circle
Battle array it is bilevelNA integration air feedback unit, respectively constitutes the two-arm up and down 11,12 of antenna after merging；Bicyclic exterior bag
Wrap up in the antenna house 400 of a tubular（Such as Fig. 9）, to protect inner antenna.
Formed it is appreciated that N number of low frequency radiating element 20 merges feed with N high frequency radiating elements 30 with N number of integrated
The omnidirectional antenna 10 of air feedback unit, the number of a change air feedback unitN>=3 and construct double frequency loop aerial structure.The present embodiment
And double-frequency broadband horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna is formed by taking N=4 as an example in attached drawing and be illustrated
Filled media basic unit 100 between the two-arm up and down 11,12 of antenna circle battle array, its thickness are equal to two-arm spacingD, can be selected includes
Various typical media materials including air, i.e. permittivity εr>=1.0, shape can be that circular or regular polygon, diameter are more than
The outside diameter of low-frequency antenna ring 200.
The double-frequency broadband horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna 10 of the embodiment of the present invention, directly using 50 Ω coaxial cables in bicyclic
The heartO,O'Feed, its internal and external conductor connect the center of the bicyclic end 307 of the two-conductor feeder line 23 of two-arm 11,12 up and down respectively.
By optimizing the geometric parameter of each part mentioned above repeatedly, the present invention realizes Alford loop antennas in GSM and LTE high
Good impedance matching is respectively provided with low two frequency ranges（768.7-960MHz, VSWR≤2.387, BW=191MHz, 22.14%；
1700-2700MHz, VSWR≤2.325, BW=1000MHz, 45.46%, higher gain,G=1.05-3.75dBi）, preferably
Horizontal radiation pattern and preferable out-of-roundness（<3.5dB）, good cross polarization ratio（XPD≥15dB）Higher efficiency
（η A ≥82%）.
In addition, the feed of inventive antenna is simple, antenna overall dimensions are smaller（Diameter ≈ 0.487 ×λ L ,λ L For minimum work
Working frequency）, outline plan, be a kind of preferable double frequency horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna suitable for mobile communication.In addition, the program
Also have the characteristics that thinking novelty, clear principle, method is pervasive, making is simple, it is inexpensive, easily batch production, be double frequency H polarization omnidirectional
The preferred version of antenna, and design for multifrequency H polarized omnidirectional antennas, double frequency or multifrequency H/V polarized omnidirectional antennas and change
Into being also to be applicable in and effective.
The double-frequency broadband horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna of the present invention can be designed through but not limited to following steps：
Step 1, establishes rectangular coordinate system in space, sees Fig. 1；Step 2, structural wideband folded dipole unit.In XOY plane, away from
Coordinate originORight sideR l Place, using X-axis as symmetry axis, along Y direction, the total (circular arc of one two-arm of construction）LengthS l ≈0.5×λ cl （λ cl For low frequency centre wavelength）Arc-shaped folded dipole 21（Fig. 2）, including arc-shaped folded dipole 201.Then, by circle
21 court of an arm of arc oscillator 201-ZDirection of principal axis displacement distanceD；Upper and lower two-arm 21,22 is at the center 203 on equivalent side 211,221
Connection, feed base 212,222 centers then connect one section and are made of the wide parallel two-conductor 204,207,304 ~ 307 of more piece Length discrepancy
Feeder line 23；23 end of feeder line court extends to the central point of circular arcO, O'；At 201 both sides center gap of folded dipole, place
Arc-shaped parasitism minor matters 202.Then, in a section feeder line 204 end side nearest apart from arc-shaped folded dipole 201, connection
Another section symmetrical above and below and end short cut with each other the arc-shaped minor matters 205 of connection；So as to complete structure low frequency radiating element 20（Figure
3）；Step 3, constructs low frequency Alford loop antennas.By the low frequency radiating element 20 of step 2, around coordinate originO, O'Rotation is multiple
SystemN=4 times, form a low frequency Alford loop antenna 200（Fig. 4）.
Step 4, construction high frequency Alford loop antennas 300.In the inner side of the low frequency Alford rings 200 of step 3, construct
Another high frequency Alford loop antennas, it is different from low frequency Alford rings part：1）Circular arc oscillator 301 for conventional half wave oscillator but
Center grooved 302, two-arm 31,32（Arc）Total lengthS h ≈0.5×λ ch （λ ch For high frequency centre wavelength）, respectively positioned at interval D
Two surface up and down；2）303 terminal open circuit of minor matters on a pair of parallel feeder line 23, it is not only symmetrical above and below, also on 23 liang of feeder line
Side is symmetrical, with reference to Fig. 5 ~ 6.
Step 5, double Alford rings 200,300 merge one：By Step 3: four low high frequency Alford rings, its upper surface
101 circular arc oscillator, short/open minor matters, more piece feeder line merge into the upper arm of double frequency Alford rings, corresponding lower surface
The underarm of double frequency Alford rings is then merged into 102 parts, sees Fig. 7 ~ 8；Step 6, sets medium basic unit.In the antenna of step 5
Among upper and lower two-arm, it is respectively ε to set one layer of dielectric constant and loss anglerWith the medium basic unit of tan δ, it is flat that its thickness is equal to two
The spacing of row conductorD, diameter >=2 ×R, to adjust impedance and support antenna, see Fig. 7,8 parts 100；Step 7, central coaxial
Feed.At double Alford loop antennas centers of step 5, the coaxial cable of piece 50 Ω of connection, cable passes through medium from bottom to top
Basic unit, its internal and external conductor are connected with the two-arm up and down of double loop antenna respectively, see the part 307 of Fig. 9；Step 8, sets antenna house.
Around antenna, set a pitch circle tubulose antenna house, antenna sections are fully wrapped around, low frequency ring oscillator apart from antenna house compared with
Closely, the part 400 of Fig. 9 is seen.
Preferably, the double-frequency broadband horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna, each pair circular arc oscillator of double frequency Alford rings and they
Respective balance two-conductor feeder line merges into a single whole, oscillator and balanced feeder line integrated unit number included in whole circle battle arrayN≥3；Justify the bilevel of battle arrayNA integration air feedback unit, respectively constitutes the two-arm up and down of antenna after merging；Bicyclic outside
The antenna house of a tubular is wrapped up, to protect inner antenna.
Preferably, the double-frequency broadband horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna, justifies filled media basic unit between the two-arm up and down of battle array, it is thick
Degree is equal to two-arm spacingD, the various typical media materials including air, i.e. permittivity ε can be selectedr>=1.0, shape can
For circular or regular polygon, diameter is more than the outside diameter of low frequency Alford rings.
Preferably, the double-frequency broadband horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna, is directly presented using 50 Ω coaxial cables at bicyclic center
Electricity, its internal and external conductor connect the distal center of the bicyclic two-conductor feeder line of two-arm up and down respectively.
Preferably, the double-frequency broadband horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna, its integrated antenna feeder part use metal good conductor material
Material makes, and can use PCB printing technologies or common metal processing technology, such as cutting, drilling.
It should be noted that present invention meaning " annular " or " loop aerial ", including discontinuous cyclic structure, for example,
The arc oscillator of low frequency radiating element is corresponded on the annulus of same diameter, but can be spaced one between adjacent two arcs oscillator
Fixed radian, so as to form the low frequency loop aerial of low frequency circle battle array structure.Similarly, the arc oscillator of high frequency radiating element corresponds to position
In on the annulus of same diameter, but certain radian can be spaced between adjacent two arcs oscillator, so as to form high frequency circle battle array structure
High-frequency ring antenna.
Better embodiment of the present invention is by taking following measures：1）Double coplanar arrangements of Alford rings；2）Low-frequency vibrator is
The equivalent form of embedded parasitism minor matters；3）High frequency oscillator is the conventionally form of internal notches；4）The short-circuit minor matters of low frequency loading, high frequency
The symmetrical open circuit minor matters of loading；5）Suitable and array number, ring radius, oscillator radian and other specification；6）In bicyclic apex drive, obtain
Obtained the significant performance boost of more conventional scheme.
It these are only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not limited to or limit the present invention.For grinding for this area
Study carefully or technical staff for, the invention may be variously modified and varied.Within the spirit and principles of the invention, made
Any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc., should be included within the protection domain that the present invention is stated.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of omnidirectional antenna, including low-frequency antenna and high frequency antenna；It is characterized in that, the omnidirectional antenna includes low frequency ring
The double frequency loop aerial that shape antenna and high-frequency ring antenna are formed；The low frequency loop aerial is located at outside, high-frequency ring antenna
On the inside of low frequency loop aerial；The low frequency loop aerial is arranged in round battle array, each low-frequency vibrator bag by some low-frequency vibrators
Include low-frequency vibrator upper arm and underarm；The high-frequency ring antenna is arranged in round battle array, each high frequency vibrating attached bag by some high frequency oscillators
Include upper arm and underarm；The coplanar antenna upper arm for forming double frequency annular of upper arm of the high and low frequency oscillator；The high and low frequency oscillator
Underarm it is coplanar formed double frequency annular antenna underarm；The antenna upper arm and antenna underarm be located at respectively at intervals ofDUp and down
Two sides.
2. omnidirectional antenna as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that low-frequency vibrator circle battle array and high frequency vibrating in the upper and lower arm of antenna
Son circle battle array is coplanar with one heart；The low-frequency vibrator is folded dipole；The low-frequency vibrator embeds parasitic minor matters；In the high frequency oscillator
Slot in portion；The double frequency loop aerial is the coplanar arrangement of double frequency Alford rings；Set between the antenna upper arm and antenna underarm
Medium basic unit, the antenna upper arm are located at medium basic unit upper surface, and the line underarm is located at the lower surface of medium basic unit.
3. omnidirectional antenna as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the upper arm and underarm of the antenna further comprise conductor
The central point that oscillator is connected to round battle array by feeder line is fed；The upper arm with group high and low frequency oscillator is shared described in same root
Conductor feeder line merges feed, and the underarm with group high and low frequency oscillator shares another conductor feeder line and merges feed, same
Two conductor feeder lines in group are parallel to each other.
4. omnidirectional antenna as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that a pair of short-circuit branch of loading on the inside of the low frequency loop aerial
Section, the symmetrical open circuit minor matters of high-frequency ring antenna inner side loading；The conductor feeder line is by the wide transforming section of more piece Length discrepancy
Cascade forms.
5. omnidirectional antenna as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that respectively have in the feeder line transforming section end close to low-frequency vibrator
One section of arc-shaped short-circuit minor matters, two short-circuit minor matters medium substrate two surfaces symmetrical above and below for being distributed in antenna, two short circuits
Minor matters end is vertically connected with by metallization VIA；It is arc-shaped short circuit minor matters radian value be（0.05~0.20）×π；By
Respectively there are minor matters of opening a way described in the shape of a circular arc in the feeder line transforming section rear end of nearly high frequency oscillator, and two arc-shaped open circuit minor matters are on feeder line
Symmetrically, and it is symmetrically distributed in two surface of medium substrate, arc-shaped open circuit minor matters terminal open circuit；Arc-shaped open circuit minor matters radian value
For（0.10~0.25）×π；The short circuit minor matters circular arc, arc-shaped open circuit minor matters and oscillator circle battle array are concentric；The antenna is upper and lower
It is consistent that each arc-shaped short-circuit minor matters in arm are located at feeder line side, rotation direction；It is arc-shaped in each arm of underarm on the antenna
Open circuit minor matters are symmetrically positioned in feeder line both sides.
6. omnidirectional antenna as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the low-frequency vibrator is arc-shaped folded dipole, including
The circular arc in outside converts into side and inner arc feed base, and surrounds center gap by the both sides and place the parasitic minor matters；Institute
Parasitic minor matters are stated as arc-shaped parasitic minor matters；Two-arm connects the low-frequency vibrator at the center on equivalent side up and down, in feed base
Center connects the parallel two-conductor feeder line；The width of feed base is more than the width on equivalent side；The width of parasitic circular arc minor matters and
Arc length is respectively less than folded dipole；Parasitic minor matters are located at medium substrate the same face or are symmetrically distributed in medium substrate two sides, parasitic
Two parts that minor matters are located at medium substrate two sides are connected by metallization VIA.
7. omnidirectional antenna as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the high frequency oscillator is arc-shaped symmetrical dipole, oscillator
Inside center opens up an arc-shaped slot, and groove extends to feeder line edge by oscillator end；The high frequency oscillator is half-wave dipole.
8. omnidirectional antenna as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the omnidirectional antenna is horizontally polarized omnidirectional for double-frequency broadband
Antenna；Low, high frequency oscillator circle battle array radius value range is：（0.15~0.45）×λ c ；Low, high frequency vibrating subarc degree value range
For：（0.25~0.50）×π；Low, high frequency oscillator hem width degree value range is：（0.01~0.05）×λ c , whereinλ c Correspond to low frequency
Centre wavelengthλ cl Or high frequency centre wavelengthλ ch 。
9. omnidirectional antenna as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that the thickness of medium basic unit is equal to above and below antenna between two-arm
Away fromD；The permittivity ε of medium basic unitr>=1.0, the bore of medium basic unit is more than the outside diameter of low frequency loop aerial；Double frequency Alford
The each pair oscillator of ring merges into a single whole to form integrated air feedback unit with their own balance two-conductor feeder line, in whole circle battle array
Comprising oscillator air feedback unit number integrated with balanced feeder lineN≥3；Justify the bilevel of battle arrayNA integration antenna feeder
Unit, respectively constitutes the two-arm up and down of the antenna after merging；The antenna house of one tubular of bicyclic exterior parcel.
10. the omnidirectional antenna as any one of claim 1 ~ 9, it is characterised in that piece 50 Ω's of center of antenna connection
Coaxial cable, from bottom to top, its internal and external conductor is connected cable with the two-arm up and down of antenna respectively；Low frequency loop aerial and high frequency ring
Shape antenna all lines up round formation formula by N number of identical circular arc oscillator；The oscillator arms of the identical rotation direction of low frequency loop aerial exist
Medium basic unit the same face, the oscillator arms of the identical rotation direction of high-frequency ring antenna are in medium basic unit the same face；Medium basic unit the same face
High and low frequency loop aerial oscillator arms it is oppositely oriented；Antenna overall dimensions for 0.487 ×λ L ,λ L For lowest operating frequency.
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| CN108539409A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-09-14 | 广东通宇通讯股份有限公司 | Full-wave dipole horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna |
| CN108539409B (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2023-10-13 | 广东通宇通讯股份有限公司 | Full-wave vibrator horizontal polarization omnidirectional antenna |
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| US11916280B2 (en) | 2019-03-22 | 2024-02-27 | The Antenna Company International N.V. | Antenna for IEEE 802.11 applications, wireless device, and wireless communication system |
| CN110011042B (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2020-12-25 | 湖南迈克森伟电子科技有限公司 | Small linear polarization receiving and transmitting integrated same-frequency antenna |
| CN110011042A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-07-12 | 湖南迈克森伟电子科技有限公司 | Small-sized linear polarization transceiver common-frequency aerial |
| CN112242604A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2021-01-19 | 杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司 | Horizontal polarization antenna |
| CN115117631A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-09-27 | 西安电子科技大学 | Horizontal polarization broadband filtering omnidirectional loop antenna |
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