CN208256906U - A kind of minimized wide-band high-gain omni-directional antenna - Google Patents
A kind of minimized wide-band high-gain omni-directional antenna Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of minimized wide-band high-gain omni-directional antenna, is related to radio antenna equipment and technology, forms from multiple elements design array and to the array-fed external feeder line of multiple elements design；Multiple elements design array include M group by same rectilinear direction with spacing it is evenly distributed made of N member submatrix, and the M group printing balance pair fed to each N member submatrix leads feeder line, N member submatrix is made of side by side the identical ultra-wide oscillator unit of N number of shape size, ultra wide band oscillator unit is by oscillator upper arm, oscillator lower arm and two parasitic minor matters compositions, ultra wide band oscillator unit is constructed first, then N number of unit is formed into broadband submatrix, using balance two-conductor line feed, impedance design is 25 Ω and unconventional 50 Ω, this makes its broadband character suitable with simple oscialltor, gain but improves by about one time, to realize that more high-gain provides basic premise.It is good to be further reduced solder joint, intermodulation performance, it is light-weight, it is at low cost, it is suitable for mass production, and there is miniaturization, high-gain effect.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a wireless communication antenna equipment and technique, in particular to are miniaturized broadband high-gain omnidirectional antenna.
Background
An omnidirectional antenna, generally referred to as an antenna having uniform radiation characteristics in azimuth, has a wide and important application in the field of wireless communication, such as a communication base station, a broadcast television tower, or a terminal device such as a vehicle, an aircraft, a wireless gateway, and the like. First, since the position and orientation of the user equipment with respect to the base station platform are arbitrary, the use of the omni-directional antenna not only ensures good communication effect, but also reduces the size and cost of the equipment. In addition, the omni-directional antenna must be high gain, wide bandwidth and high power in consideration of the coverage area and system capacity of the base station. Furthermore, considering mass deployment and practical installation, the omni-directional antenna must also have the characteristics of miniaturization, low intermodulation, low cost, suitability for mass production and the like. In summary, in the engineering field, there is a strong demand for an omnidirectional antenna that is compact, wide in bandwidth, high in gain, high in efficiency, low in cost, low in intermodulation, and easy to produce.
So far, various high-gain omnidirectional antennas of people's utility model are almost realized by adopting half-wave oscillator collineation or coaxial array mode. Due to factors such as application requirements, design difficulty, size limitations and the like, the common gain of the high-gain omnidirectional antenna is 5-12 dBi. Moreover, as the gain increases, the bandwidth will gradually decrease, i.e., the gain and the bandwidth are in conflict. In a conventional high-gain broadband oscillator array, a metal tube with a relatively large diameter is usually selected as a radiating unit, and a coaxial cable is adopted to construct a feed network. The proposal can overcome the contradiction between gain and bandwidth, and has large power capacity, but has the defects of more welding spots, poor mutual adjustment, heavy weight, high cost and difficult mass production. In contrast, the PCB printing scheme has the advantages of low intermodulation, high reliability, low cost, light weight, suitability for mass production, etc., but has lower power capacity, narrower impedance bandwidth, and narrower gain bandwidth. In view of the above, printed dipole array low-gain, narrow-band systems, such as terminal devices, are widely used. If the problems of high power and narrow bandwidth are solved, the printed vibrator array becomes an ideal design scheme of the omnidirectional base station. In summary, the miniaturized high-gain broadband omnidirectional antenna has a wide application prospect, but still needs to break through a plurality of engineering technical bottlenecks, so that the miniaturized high-gain broadband omnidirectional antenna is still an important direction for antenna research.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides a miniaturized broadband high-gain omnidirectional antenna at first constructs ultra wide band oscillator unit, then constitutes the broadband subarray with N unit, adopts balanced two-wire feed, and the impedance design is 25 omega rather than conventional 50 omega, and this makes its broadband characteristic and single oscillator be equivalent, and the gain improves nearly one time but, provides basic prerequisite for realizing higher gain. Furthermore, M N-element subarrays are arrayed again to form a composite array with higher gain, coaxial cable feeding is adopted to keep broadband characteristics of the subarrays, welding spots are reduced, intermodulation performance is good, weight is light, cost is low, the method is suitable for batch production, and the method has the effects of miniaturization and high gain.
In order to realize the technical purpose, the adopted technical scheme is as follows: a miniaturized broadband high-gain omnidirectional antenna comprises a multi-element composite array and an external feeder for feeding the multi-element composite array;
the multi-element composite array comprises M groups of N-element sub-arrays which are uniformly arranged at the same interval in the same linear direction, and M groups of printed balanced dual-conductor feeders which are positioned on the arrangement central line of each N-element sub-array and feed each N-element sub-array, wherein M is more than or equal to 2nN =1, 2, 3 … …, wherein, both ends of each N-element subarray are provided with metalized via holes for short-circuiting the upper and lower feed lines of the printed balanced dual-feed line of the N-element subarray, and the center of each N-element subarray is provided with a central feed hole for electrically connecting the external feed line with the upper and lower feed lines of the printed balanced dual-feed line;
the input impedance of the N-element subarray is 25 omega, and N ultra-wide oscillator units with the same shape and size and taking the central feed hole as the center are formed in parallel, wherein N is more than or equal to 2; the ultra-wideband oscillator unit consists of an upper oscillator arm arranged on the front side of a PCB, a lower oscillator arm arranged on the back side of the PCB and two parasitic branches, wherein the upper oscillator arm is in mirror symmetry with the lower oscillator arm after moving downwards by a distance T, the upper oscillator arm is connected with an upper feeder line printed with a balanced double-conductor line, the lower oscillator arm is connected with a lower feeder line printed with the balanced double-conductor line, the upper oscillator arm and the lower oscillator arm are both U-shaped oscillators, openings of the upper oscillator arm and the lower oscillator arm are oppositely arranged, the upper oscillator arm or the lower oscillator arm is in a U-shaped structure consisting of a cross arm in the middle and wing arms symmetrically arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the cross arm, the wing arms consist of a narrow arm section connected with the cross arm and a wide arm section at the other end, the two ends of the outer side;
two parasitic branches are respectively arranged on two sides between the outer side of the upper arm of the vibrator and the outer side of the lower arm of the vibrator, the two parasitic branches are not contacted and are symmetrically and jointly arranged on the front surface or the back surface of the PCB, each parasitic branch is symmetrical left and right, gaps exist between the inner edges of the parasitic branches and the outer sides of the upper arm of the vibrator and the lower arm of the vibrator, the outer edge of the parasitic branch section is parallel and level with the outer edge of the narrow arm section, the parasitic branch section consists of a long strip section, a sharp corner section and an extension section which are integrally formed, the center of the long strip section is connected with the sharp corner section, the sharp corner of the sharp corner section is connected with the extension section, the long strip section is positioned in a gap enclosed by the wide arm section and the narrow arm section of the upper arm and the lower arm of the vibrator, and has the same shape as the gap, the sharp corner section is positioned in the space enclosed by the inverted internal angle theta of the upper and lower arms of the vibrator, the extension section extends into the gap between the cross arms of the upper arm and the lower arm of the vibrator, and the shape of the extension section is the same as that of the space;
the external feeder line consists of a power divider, an impedance converter and a main feed cable, wherein the power divider is electrically connected with an upper feeder line and a lower feeder line of the printed balanced double-guide feeder line through two central feed holes which form a group, and the power divider is electrically connected with the main feed cable through the impedance converter.
The upper and lower feeder of the balanced two feeder of leading of printing form by the multisection length and width's that varies conductor section cascade.
External feeder comprises 50 omega's branch feeder cable, 35 omega's transform section cable and 50 omega's main feeder cable, and 50 omega's branch feeder cable's both ends are connected with the upper and lower feeder electricity of the balanced two guide feeder of printing through two central feed holes that are a set of respectively, and 50 omega's branch feeder cable's center is connected with 35 omega's transform section cable's one end electricity, and 35 omega's transform section cable's the other end is connected with 50 omega's main feeder cable electricity.
Oscillator upper arm and oscillator underarm constitute half-wave oscillator, every arm length is 0.20~0.25 central wavelengthλ c The length ratio of the outer edges of the upper wide and narrow sections to the upper arm of the vibrator is 0.45-0.75, and the length ratio of the opening space between the upper wide and narrow sections to the upper arm of the vibrator is 0.25-0.35; inverted internal angleθValue range of 15o~60o。
The notch of the utility model is a rectangle, a triangle, a circular groove or other symmetrical structures.
The width-to-length ratio of the parasitic branch knots is 0.01-0.20.
Dielectric constant epsilon of PCB boardrAnd = 1-20, the PCB is various dielectric substrates including air.
The utility model discloses the interval between the ultra wide band oscillator unit that faces in same N unit subarray doesd=(0.55 ~0.85)λ c When M multi-element composite arrays composed of N-element sub-arrays are uniformly arranged, the element spacing of the M multi-element composite arrays is equal toN‧(M- 1)‧d。
The utility model has the advantages that:
the utility model discloses an actively advance the effect to lie in, through adopting following measure: 1) constructing an ultra-wideband oscillator unit; 2) the ultra-wideband oscillator forms an N-element sub-array, the printed balanced double-lead feed is adopted, the impedance is designed to be 25 omega instead of the conventional 50 omega, so that the broadband characteristic of the ultra-wideband oscillator is equivalent to that of a single oscillator, the gain is improved by nearly one time, and the basic premise is provided for realizing higher gain; 3) n element sub-arrays form a multi-element composite array, and an external feeder line, namely coaxial cable feeding, is adopted to maintain the broadband characteristic of the sub-arrays, the cable comprises three different impedance models, and one of the three cables is divided into threeThe power divider comprises a power divider with two halves, an impedance converter and a main feed cable, namely a 50 omega branch feed cable, a 35 omega conversion section cable and a 50 omega main feed cable; the low dispersion and low loss characteristics of the cable ensure high broadband gain of the array. Through adopting the above measures, the utility model discloses a compound array antenna of many first PCB oscillator has realized nearly ultra wide band (1.71-2.18 GHz, VSWR is less than or equal to 2.5, BW =470MHz, 24.2%), high gain (in LTE frequency channel)G= 7.34-8.71 dBi), ideal omni-directionality (out-of-roundness)<2.4 dB), low upper side lobe (SLL)<-18 dB), high lower side lobe (SLL)>-12 dB), and high efficiency (η A Not less than 70 percent). In addition, the proposal has small size (length-2.472;)λ cBreadth-0.177 inλ c) The antenna has the characteristics of simple feed, low intermodulation, convenient assembly, low cost and the like, and is an ideal omnidirectional antenna scheme suitable for a cellular base station.
In addition, the method has the characteristics of novel thought, clear principle, universal method, simple realization, low cost, suitability for batch production and the like, is a preferred scheme for replacing the conventional broadband omnidirectional base station antenna, and is also suitable and effective for the design and improvement of the low-gain, broadband or narrow-band terminal omnidirectional antenna.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rectangular coordinate system definition adopted by a miniaturized wideband high-gain omni-directional antenna model.
Fig. 2 is a schematic front view of an upper arm and a lower arm of a miniaturized wideband high-gain omnidirectional antenna element.
Fig. 3 is a schematic front view of an ultra-wideband oscillator unit of a miniaturized wideband high-gain omnidirectional antenna.
Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective structure view of a miniaturized wideband high-gain omnidirectional antenna parasitic ultra-wideband oscillator unit.
Fig. 5 is a schematic front view of a two-element subarray of a miniaturized wideband high-gain omnidirectional antenna.
Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective structure diagram of a two-element subarray of a miniaturized wideband high-gain omnidirectional antenna.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a partially enlarged structure of a central feed hole of a two-element subarray of a miniaturized wideband high-gain omnidirectional antenna.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a partially enlarged structure of the metalized via holes at two ends of the two-element subarray of the miniaturized wideband high-gain omnidirectional antenna.
Fig. 9 is a schematic front view of a multi-element composite array formed by two binary sub-arrays of the miniaturized wideband high-gain omnidirectional antenna.
Fig. 10 is a schematic front view of a multi-element composite array formed by two binary sub-arrays of a miniaturized broadband high-gain omnidirectional antenna and using an external feeder.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a position relationship between an external feeder line of a multi-element composite array formed by two binary sub-arrays of a miniaturized broadband high-gain omnidirectional antenna and a printed balanced dual-conductor feeder line of the two sub-arrays.
FIG. 12 is the input impedance of an N-element subarray of a miniaturized wideband high-gain omnidirectional antennaZ in The frequency characteristic curve of (1).
FIG. 13 shows the reflection coefficient of N-element subarrays of a miniaturized broadband high-gain omni-directional antennaS 11 The | curve.
Fig. 14 is a standing wave ratio VSWR plot for an N-element subarray of a miniaturized wideband high-gain omnidirectional antenna.
FIG. 15 shows an N-element subarray of a miniaturized wideband high-gain omni-directional antenna at a center frequency pointf c Gain pattern of =1.90 GHz.
FIG. 16 is the input impedance of a miniaturized wideband high gain omni-directional antennaZ in The frequency characteristic curve of (1).
Fig. 17 is a plot of the standing wave ratio VSWR for a miniaturized wideband high gain omni-directional antenna.
FIG. 18 shows an on-frequency point of a miniaturized broadband high-gain omnidirectional antennaf L Gain pattern of =1.71 GHz.
FIG. 19 is a diagram of an antenna at frequency point for a miniaturized wideband high gain omni-directional antennaf C Gain pattern of 1.945 GHz.
FIG. 20 shows an on-frequency point of a miniaturized broadband high-gain omni-directional antennaf H Gain pattern of =2.18 GHz.
FIG. 21 shows the gain of a miniaturized wideband high-gain omni-directional antennaGWith frequencyfThe characteristic of the variation.
FIG. 22 is a graph of H-plane out-of-roundness with frequency for a miniaturized wideband high-gain omni-directional antennafA curve of variation.
FIG. 23 is a graph of the E-plane (vertical plane) half power beamwidth HBPW with frequency for a miniaturized broadband high gain omni-directional antennafThe characteristic of the variation.
FIG. 24 shows the efficiency of a miniaturized wideband high-gain omni-directional antennaη A With frequencyfA curve of variation.
Fig. 25 is a schematic diagram of the spacing between two binary subarrays of a miniaturized wideband high-gain omni-directional antenna.
Fig. 26 is a schematic spacing diagram of two ternary subarrays of a miniaturized wideband high-gain omni-directional antenna.
In the figure: 1. the antenna comprises a multi-element composite array, 2, an external feeder, 3, an N-element sub-array, 4, a printed balanced double-conductor feeder, 4-1, a printed upper feeder, 4-2, a printed lower feeder, 41, a metalized via hole, 42, a central feed hole, 5, a branch feeder cable, 6, a transition cable, 7, a main feeder cable, 8, an ultra-wideband oscillator unit, 81, an oscillator upper arm, 811, a cross arm, 811-1, an inner angle, 811-2, a notch, 812, a wing arm, 812-1, a narrow arm section, 812-2, a wide arm section, 82, an oscillator lower arm, 83, a parasitic branch section, 831, a long section, 832, a sharp-angled section, 833 and an extension section.
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting or restricting the invention.
Detailed Description
The following provides a preferred embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings to explain the technical solutions of the present invention in detail. Here, the detailed description of the present invention will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be expressly understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit or restrict the present invention.
The utility model discloses aim at providing a miniaturized, broadband, high gain, omni-directionality, low side lobe/high side lobe, high efficiency down for cellular communication to and low intermodulation, high reliable, simple structure, low-cost, the easy omnidirectional base station antenna of producing, and provide profitable reference method for the design and the improvement of low gain, wide narrow band terminal omnidirectional antenna.
A miniaturized broadband high-gain omnidirectional antenna comprises a multi-element composite array 1 and an external feeder 2 for feeding the multi-element composite array 1; the multi-element composite array can be designed according to the needs. The utility model provides an upper side, below, left, right-hand all according to the restriction of picture diagram direction.
The multi-element composite array 1 comprises M groups of N-element sub-arrays 3 which are uniformly arranged at the same interval in the same linear direction, and N groups of printed balanced dual-conductor feed lines 4 which are positioned on the arrangement central line of each N-element sub-array 3 and feed each N-element sub-array 3, wherein M is more than or equal to 2nN =1, 2, 3 … …, that is, the multi-element composite array at least comprises two N-element sub-arrays to form an N.M-element composite array, the upper surface and the lower surface of each N-element sub-array are respectively and correspondingly provided with an upper feeder line and a lower feeder line for printing a balanced double-conductor feeder line, the printed balanced double-conductor feeder line is designed on the surface of the PCB, and is connected with the printed N-element sub-arraysAnd (6) electrically connecting.
Metallized through holes 41 for short-circuiting the upper feeder line and the lower feeder line of the printed balanced dual-conductor line 4 of the N-element subarray 3 are arranged at two ends of each N-element subarray 3, the metallized through holes 41 penetrate through the upper surface and the lower surface of the PCB to short-circuit the upper feeder line and the lower feeder line of the printed balanced dual-conductor line 4 on the upper surface and the lower surface of the PCB, and a central feed hole 42 for electrically connecting the external feeder line 2 with the upper feeder line and the lower feeder line of the printed balanced dual-conductor line 4 is arranged in the center of each N-element subarray 3; the center feed hole 42 is a hole through which a coaxial cable is passed from below, the inner conductor is electrically connected to the upper feed line of the printed balanced dual feed line 4, and the outer conductor is electrically connected to the lower feed line of the printed balanced dual feed line 4, or the center feed hole 42 is a hole through which a coaxial cable is passed from above, the inner conductor is electrically connected to the lower feed line of the printed balanced dual feed line 4, and the outer conductor is electrically connected to the upper feed line of the printed balanced dual feed line 4.
The input impedance of the N-element subarray 3 is 25 omega, and N ultra-wideband oscillator units 8 with the same shape and size and taking the central feed hole 42 as the center are formed in parallel, wherein N is more than or equal to 2; the ultra-wideband oscillator unit 8 consists of an upper oscillator arm 81 arranged on the front surface (upper surface) of a PCB, a lower oscillator arm 82 arranged on the back surface (lower surface) of the PCB and two parasitic branches 83, the upper oscillator arm 81 moves downwards by a distance T which is in mirror symmetry with the lower oscillator arm 82, the distance T is the thickness of the PCB, the upper oscillator arm 81 is connected with an upper feeder line printed with a balanced double-conductor feeder line 4, the lower oscillator arm 82 is connected with a lower feeder line printed with the balanced double-conductor feeder line 4, the upper oscillator arm 81 and the lower oscillator arm 82 are both U-shaped oscillators, the openings of the upper oscillator arm 81 and the lower oscillator arm 82 are oppositely arranged, the upper oscillator arm 81 or the lower oscillator arm 82 consists of a cross arm 811 in the middle part and wing arms 812 symmetrically arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the cross arm 811, the wing arms 812 consist of a narrow arm section 812-1 connected with the cross arm 811 and a wide arm section 812-2 at the other end, and the width of the, the outer ends of the cross arm 811 are chamfered at an inner angle θ in the inner direction, and the inner center of the cross arm 811 is provided with a recess 811-2 recessed in the outer direction.
Parasitic branches 83 are respectively arranged above and below (two sides) between the outer side of the upper vibrator arm 81 and the outer side of the lower vibrator arm 82, namely, a parasitic branch 83 is respectively arranged above and below a gap between the upper vibrator arm 81 and the lower vibrator arm 82, the two parasitic branches 83 are not contacted and symmetrically arranged on the front surface of a PCB or the back surface of the PCB, each parasitic branch 83 is symmetrical left and right, gaps exist between the inner edges of the parasitic branches 83 and the outer sides of the upper vibrator arm 81 and the lower vibrator arm 82, namely, the outer surfaces of the parasitic branches 83 are positioned in the gap between the upper vibrator arm 81 and the lower vibrator arm 82 and are not contacted with the outer sides of the upper vibrator arm 81 and the lower vibrator arm 82, meanwhile, the outer edges of the parasitic branches 83 are flush with the outer edge of the narrow arm section 812-1, the parasitic branches 83 are composed of a long strip 831, a sharp angle section 832 and an extension section 833 which are integrally formed, the center of the long strip 831 is connected with the sharp angle section 832, the sharp corner of the sharp corner section 832 is connected with an extension section 833, the long section 831 is positioned in a gap enclosed by the wide arm section 812-2 and the narrow arm section 812-1 of the upper arm and the lower arm of the vibrator, has the same shape as the gap and is slightly smaller than the gap, the sharp corner section 832 is positioned in a space enclosed by the inverted internal angle theta of the upper arm and the lower arm of the vibrator, has the same shape as the space and is slightly smaller than the space, the extension section 833 extends into the gap between the cross arms 811 of the upper arm and the lower arm of the vibrator, and the extension sections 833 of the two parasitic branches 83 are opposite to but not in contact with the gap between the cross arms 811 of the upper arm and the lower arm of the vibrator;
the external feeder 2 is composed of a power divider, an impedance converter and a main feed cable, wherein the power divider is electrically connected with the upper and lower feeders of the printed balanced dual-guide feeder 4 through a central feed hole 42 which is a group of two, and the power divider is electrically connected with the main feed cable through the impedance converter.
If the number of the N-element subarrays is 2, the N-element subarrays are two-element subarrays, the external feeder needs to be divided into two equal power dividers, an impedance converter and a main feed cable, output lines of the two equal power dividers are respectively electrically connected with the central feed hole 42 of the two-element subarrays, input ends of the two equal power dividers are connected with the impedance converter, the input ends of the impedance converters are connected with the main feed cable, external feeder connection is completed, and feeding is conducted on the quaternary composite array.
If the number of the N-element subarrays is 4, the N-element subarrays are two-element subarrays, 2 two-element subarrays are required to be a group of external feeder lines for preparing the group, one of the external feeder lines needs to be divided into two equal power dividers, one impedance converter and one main feed cable, output lines of the two equal power dividers are respectively and electrically connected with a central feed hole 42 of the N-element subarrays, input ends of the two equal power dividers are connected with one impedance converter, the input end of the impedance converter is connected with one main feed cable, then the two groups of main feed cables are respectively connected with one impedance converter, the impedance converters are connected to the final main feed cable, external feeder line connection is completed, and feeding is carried out on the eight-element composite array.
If the number of the N-element sub-arrays is increased again, the impedance converter and the main feed cable need to be added according to the rule to complete the connection of all external feed lines.
In addition, the external feeder 2 may be composed of a 50 Ω branch feeder cable 5, a 35 Ω transition section cable 6, and a 50 Ω main feeder cable 7, both ends of the 50 Ω branch feeder cable 5 are electrically connected to the upper and lower feeders of the printed balanced dual-conductor feeder 4 through two grouped center feeder holes 42, respectively, the center of the 50 Ω branch feeder cable 5 is electrically connected to one end of the 35 Ω transition section cable 6, and the other end of the 35 Ω transition section cable 6 is electrically connected to the 50 Ω main feeder cable 7. When two branch feeder cables are electrically connected with the central feeder hole 42 of an N-element subarray, the branch feeder cable is divided into two equal power dividers, and the 35 omega conversion section cable 6 can replace the impedance converter. The installation design principle is the same as that described above. The external feeder line connection can be carried out according to different numbers of the N-element sub-arrays.
The upper and lower feed lines of the printed balanced double-conductor feed line 4 are formed by cascading a plurality of sections of conductor sections with different lengths and widths, as shown in fig. 5.
The upper oscillator arm 81 and the lower oscillator arm 82 form a half-wave oscillator, and the length of the upper oscillator arm 81 or the lower oscillator arm 82 is 0.20-0.25 of the central wavelengthλ c The length ratio of the outer edges of the upper wide and the lower narrow sections to the upper arm of the vibrator is 0.45-0.75, and the distance between the openings of the upper wide and the lower narrow sections and the length of the upper arm of the vibratorThe ratio is 0.25-0.35; inverted internal angleθValue range of 15o~60o。
The notch 811-2 is rectangular, triangular, circular slot or other symmetrical structure, which only needs to ensure the inner center point of the cross arm as the symmetrical point to be symmetrical up and down.
The width-to-length ratio of the parasitic branch 83 is 0.01-0.20.
The distance between adjacent ultra-wideband oscillator units 8 in the same N-element subarray isd=(0.55 ~0.85)λ c When M multi-element composite arrays 1 composed of N-element sub-arrays are uniformly arranged, the array element spacing of the M multi-element composite arrays 1 is equal toN‧(M-1)‧d。
Dielectric constant epsilon of PCBrThe PCB is various common dielectric substrates including air, such as Rogers series, Taconic series and Arlon series.
The miniaturized ultra-wideband high-gain omnidirectional antenna is characterized in that the design method of the miniaturized ultra-wideband high-gain omnidirectional antenna comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a space rectangular coordinate system, as shown in figure 1;
and step two, constructing an ultra-wideband oscillator unit. On an XOZ plane, a U-shaped structure with an upward opening is constructed along the direction of a plus Z axis, two arms of the U-shaped structure are symmetrical left and right, the width of the two arms is wider at the opening at the top, and the corner edges at the two ends of the bottom are cutθThe corner, the middle of the inner side of the bottom is concave downwards. Then, the U-shape is mirrored along the X-axis, and the mirror body is translated by a distance along the Y-axisTSo that the two arms of the vibrator are respectively positioned on the front and back sides of the PCB, as shown in fig. 2 and 3. In addition, a pair of parasitic branches are added in parallel on the outer sides of the two arms of the U shape, the branches are symmetrical up and down and left and right, the inner edge and the two ends of the parasitic branches are spaced from the upper arm and the lower arm of the vibrator by a certain distance, the outer edge is flush with the edges of the two arms of the upper arm and the lower arm of the vibrator, and the middle of the branches protrudes inwards into the middle gap between the two arms of the vibrator as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4;
and step three, constructing and printing a balanced double-guide feeder line and an N-element subarray. Translating the ultra-wideband oscillator unit in the second step along the Z axis and copyingNSecondly, the distance between two adjacent ultra-wideband oscillator units is set asdAnd forming an equally-spaced N-element uniform linear array. Then, feeding in the middle of the N-element sub-array by adopting a printed balanced double-conductor feeder, wherein metalized through holes are formed at two ends of the N-element sub-array to short circuit an upper feeder line and a lower feeder line of the printed balanced double-conductor feeder; the printed balanced double-conductor feeder is formed by cascading a plurality of sections of conductor sections with different lengths and widths, and the upper feeder line and the lower feeder line of the printed balanced double-conductor feeder are respectively connected with the upper arm and the lower arm of the N-element subarray, as shown in figures 5-8;
and step four, constructing an external feeder line and a multi-element composite array. Step three ofNElement array edgeZDistance of translation in axial directionN‧dAnd copying the sub-arrayMNext, form aN·M) A composite array of elements. Then, use 2MRoot branch feed cables are respectively connectedMCenter feed holes of N-element sub-arrays, 2MThe root branch feed cables are connected with the other section of impedance transformation section cable by using feed slots by taking 2 cables as a group. Finally, the other end of each conversion section cable is connected with a standard 50 ohm main feed cable through a feed slot, which is shown in figures 9-11.
Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective structure view of a miniaturized wideband high-gain omnidirectional antenna parasitic ultra-wideband oscillator unit.
Wherein, the black line frame represents the upper arm of the PCB oscillator and is positioned on the front surface of the PCB; a light black line frame represents a lower arm of the PCB oscillator and is positioned on the back of the PCB;
fig. 5 is a schematic front view of a two-element subarray of a miniaturized wideband high-gain omnidirectional antenna.
Wherein, the black line frame represents the upper arm of the PCB oscillator and is positioned on the front surface of the PCB; a light black line frame represents a lower arm of the PCB oscillator and is positioned on the back of the PCB; the dashed boxes at the center represent the center feed hole, and the dashed boxes at both ends represent the metalized via hole;
fig. 6 is a schematic perspective structure diagram of a two-element subarray of a miniaturized wideband high-gain omnidirectional antenna.
Wherein, the black line frame represents the upper arm of the PCB oscillator and is positioned on the front surface of the PCB; a light black line frame represents a lower arm of the PCB oscillator and is positioned on the back of the PCB; the dashed boxes at the center represent the center feed hole, and the dashed boxes at both ends represent the metalized via hole;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a partially enlarged structure of a central feed hole of a two-element subarray of a miniaturized wideband high-gain omnidirectional antenna.
Wherein, the black line frame represents the upper arm of the PCB oscillator and is positioned on the front surface of the PCB; a light black line frame represents a lower arm of the PCB oscillator and is positioned on the back of the PCB; the dotted line frame represents a central feed hole, the aperture size of which is different on both sides of the printed feed line;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a partially enlarged structure of the metalized via holes at two ends of the two-element subarray of the miniaturized wideband high-gain omnidirectional antenna.
Wherein, the black line frame represents the upper arm of the PCB oscillator and is positioned on the front surface of the PCB; a light black line frame represents a lower arm of the PCB oscillator and is positioned on the back of the PCB; the dashed boxes represent the metallized vias;
fig. 9 is a schematic front view of a multi-element composite array formed by two binary sub-arrays of the miniaturized wideband high-gain omnidirectional antenna.
Wherein, the black line frame represents the upper arm of the PCB oscillator and is positioned on the front surface of the PCB; a light black line frame represents a lower arm of the PCB oscillator and is positioned on the back of the PCB; the dashed boxes at the center represent the center feed hole, and the dashed boxes at both ends represent the metalized via hole;
fig. 10 is a schematic front view of a multi-element composite array formed by two binary sub-arrays of a miniaturized broadband high-gain omnidirectional antenna and using an external feeder.
Wherein, the black line frame represents the upper arm of the PCB oscillator and is positioned on the front surface of the PCB; a light black line frame represents a lower arm of the PCB oscillator and is positioned on the back of the PCB; the dashed boxes represent center feed holes or metallized vias; thick and thin solid lines represent feed cables at all levels, and black dots represent cable connection points; all levels of cables are routed along the central printed feeder on the same side of the array, the outer skins of the cables are stripped, the outer conductors of the cables are welded together, and finally the cables are welded with the printed feeders of the sub-array.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a position relationship between a branch feeder cable of a multi-element composite array formed by two binary sub-arrays of a miniaturized broadband high-gain omnidirectional antenna and a balanced dual-conductor feeder printed by the two sub-arrays.
Wherein, the black line frame represents the upper arm of the PCB oscillator and is positioned on the front surface of the PCB; a light black line frame represents a lower arm of the PCB oscillator and is positioned on the back of the PCB; the dashed boxes represent center feed holes or metallized via holes; thin black solid lines represent two branch feeder cables, and black dots represent cable connection points; the cable connection point is connected with the conversion section cable.
FIG. 12 is the input impedance of an N-element subarray of a miniaturized wideband high-gain omnidirectional antennaZ in The frequency characteristic curve of (1). Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyfIn GHz; the longitudinal axis (Y-axis) being the impedanceZ in In omega, and the solid line represents the real partR in The dotted line represents the imaginary partX in . As shown in the figure, in the frequency band of 1.71-2.18GHz, the variation ranges of the real part and the imaginary part are respectively as follows: +20 to +28 omega and-6 to +6 omega, and has obvious broadband impedance characteristic.
FIG. 13 shows the reflection coefficient of N-element subarrays of a miniaturized broadband high-gain omni-directional antennaS 11 The | curve. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyfIn GHz; the longitudinal axis (Y axis) isS 11 Amplitude of-S 11 And | in dB. The figure shows that the antenna realizes good impedance matching and reflection coefficient calculation in an LTE frequency band (1.71-2.18 GHz, BW =470 MHz)S 11 The absolute value is less than or equal to-15, the minimum value can reach-26.3 dB, the relative bandwidth is 24.2 percent, and the ultra-wideband work is basically realized.
Fig. 14 is a standing wave ratio VSWR plot for an N-element subarray of a miniaturized wideband high-gain omnidirectional antenna. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyfIn GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is VSWR. From the figure, the antennaIn an LTE frequency band (1.71-2.18 GHz, BW =470 MHz), good impedance matching is realized, the standing-wave ratio VSWR is less than or equal to 1.43, the minimum value reaches 1.1, the relative bandwidth is 24.2%, and ultra-wideband work is basically realized.
FIG. 15 shows an N-element subarray of a miniaturized wideband high-gain omni-directional antenna at a center frequency pointf c Gain pattern of =1.90 GHz. Wherein, the solid line represents the H surface, and the broken line represents the E surface; the H surface is close to a perfect circle, which shows that the omni-directionality is good; narrow E-plane beam and gainG=4.81dBi, low side lobes (normalized value about-19 dB).
FIG. 16 is the input impedance of a miniaturized wideband high gain omni-directional antennaZ in The frequency characteristic curve of (1). Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyfIn GHz; the longitudinal axis (Y-axis) being the impedanceZ in In omega, and the solid line represents the real partR in The dotted line represents the imaginary partX in . As shown in the figure, in the frequency band of 1.71-2.18GHz, the variation ranges of the real part and the imaginary part are respectively as follows: +25 to +72 omega and-35 to +20 omega, and has obvious broadband impedance characteristic.
Fig. 17 is a plot of the standing wave ratio VSWR for a miniaturized wideband high gain omni-directional antenna. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyfIn GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is VSWR. The figure shows that the antenna realizes better impedance matching in an LTE frequency band (1.71-2.18 GHz, BW =470 MHz), the standing-wave ratio VSWR is less than or equal to 2.5, the minimum value reaches 1.20, the relative bandwidth is 24.2%, and the ultra-wideband work is basically realized.
FIG. 18 shows an on-frequency point of a miniaturized broadband high-gain omnidirectional antennaf L Gain pattern of =1.71 GHz. Wherein, the solid line represents the H surface, and the broken line represents the E surface; the H surface is close to a perfect circle, which shows that the omni-directionality is good; narrow E-plane beam and gainG=7.14 dBi; no upper side lobe exists, and the interference to adjacent regions is low; the lower side lobe level is higher (normalized value about-12 dB), which is beneficial to improving the under-station coverage.
FIG. 19 is a diagram of an antenna at frequency point for a miniaturized wideband high gain omni-directional antennaf C Gain pattern of 1.945 GHz. Wherein,the solid line represents the H-plane and the dashed line represents the E-plane; the H surface is close to a perfect circle, which shows that the omni-directionality is good; narrow E-plane beam and gainG=8.69 dBi; the level of the upper side lobe is low (the normalization value is about-18 dB), and the interference to the adjacent region is small; the lower side lobe level is higher (normalized value about-12 dB), which is beneficial to improving the under-station coverage.
FIG. 20 shows an on-frequency point of a miniaturized broadband high-gain omni-directional antennaf H Gain pattern of =2.18 GHz. Wherein, the solid line represents the H surface, and the broken line represents the E surface; the H surface is close to a perfect circle, which shows that the omni-directionality is good; narrow E-plane beam and gainG=8.44 dBi; the level of the upper side lobe is low (the normalization value is about-18 dB), and the interference to the adjacent region is small; the lower side lobe level is higher (normalized value about-11 dB) which is beneficial to improving the under-station coverage.
FIG. 21 shows the gain of a miniaturized wideband high-gain omni-directional antennaGWith frequencyfThe characteristic of the variation. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyfIn GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is the gainGAnd the unit is dBi. As shown, in-band gainGThe variation range is as follows: 7.34-8.71 dBi, high gain and good in-band flatness.
FIG. 22 is a graph of H-plane out-of-roundness with frequency for a miniaturized wideband high-gain omni-directional antennafA curve of variation. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyfIn GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is out of roundness in degrees dB. It is known that, in the whole frequency band, the out-of-roundness (omnidirectional or uniformity) of the horizontal plane (H plane) directional diagram is less than 2.4dB, and the horizontal uniform radiation characteristic is ideal.
FIG. 23 is a graph of the E-plane (vertical plane) half power beamwidth HBPW with frequency for a miniaturized broadband high gain omni-directional antennafThe characteristic of the variation. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyfIn GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is the beam width in degrees (deg); the solid line is the Phi =0 ° plane and the dashed line is the Phi =90 ° plane. As shown in the figure, the in-band half-power wave widths of the two planes are respectively: HPBW =18.2o~25o、HPBW=17.5o~24.2oThe wave width of the E surface is narrow, and the difference in the band is small. Further, Phi =0The difference of the wave widths of the two E surfaces of 90 degrees is small, which shows that the out-of-roundness of the H surface is ideal.
FIG. 24 shows the efficiency of a miniaturized wideband high-gain omni-directional antennaη A With frequencyfA curve of variation. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyfIn GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is efficiency. It can be seen that the antenna efficiency is improved over the entire frequency bandη A Not less than 70% (typical value)>82%) and the efficiency is ideal.
Fig. 25 is a schematic diagram of the spacing between two binary subarrays of a miniaturized wideband high-gain omni-directional antenna.
Wherein,d 1 the distance between two adjacent ultra-wideband oscillator units in the two-element subarray is equal to the element distance of a multi-element composite array formed by the two-element subarraysd 2 When is coming into contact withS 1 =S 2 When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,d 2 = 2d 1 when is coming into contact withS 1 ＜S 2 When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,d 2 ＞2d 1 。
fig. 26 is a schematic spacing diagram of two ternary subarrays of a miniaturized wideband high-gain omni-directional antenna.
Wherein,d 1 the distance between two adjacent ultra-wideband oscillator units in the two-element subarray is equal to the element distance of a multi-element composite array formed by the two-element subarraysd 2 ，When in useS 1 =S 2 When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,d 2 = 3d 1 when is coming into contact withS 1 ＜S 2 When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,d 2 ＞3d 1 。
the utility model discloses an actively advance the effect to lie in, through adopting following measure: 1) constructing an ultra-wideband oscillator unit; 2) the ultra-wideband oscillator forms an N-element sub-array, balanced double-conductor feed is adopted, the impedance is designed to be 25 omega instead of the conventional 50 omega, and the impedance is increasedThe gain is improved by nearly one time, and the bandwidth is basically unchanged; 3) the N-element subarrays form a composite array, coaxial cable feeding is adopted, and the low-dispersion and low-loss characteristics of the cable ensure high-gain of the broadband of the array. Through adopting the above measures, the utility model discloses a compound array antenna of N M yuan PCB oscillator has realized nearly ultra wide band (1.71-2.18 GHz, VSWR is less than or equal to 2.5, BW =470MHz, 24.2%), high gain (in the LTE frequency channel)G= 7.34-8.71 dBi), ideal omni-directionality (out-of-roundness)<2.4 dB), low upper side lobe (SLL)<-18 dB), high lower side lobe (SLL)>-12 dB), and high efficiency (η A Not less than 70 percent). In addition, the proposal has small size (length-2.472;)λ cIn the case of two binary arrays, the width is-0.177 in a bookλ c) The antenna has the characteristics of simple feed, low intermodulation, convenient assembly, low cost and the like, and is an ideal omnidirectional antenna scheme suitable for a cellular base station.
In addition, the method has the characteristics of novel thought, clear principle, universal method, simple realization, low cost, suitability for batch production and the like, is a preferred scheme for replacing the conventional broadband omnidirectional base station antenna, and is also suitable and effective for the design and improvement of the low-gain, broadband or narrow-band terminal omnidirectional antenna.
The above are merely preferred examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit or restrict the present invention. Various modifications and alterations of this invention will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A miniaturized broadband high-gain omnidirectional antenna is composed of a multi-element composite array (1) and an external feeder (2) feeding the multi-element composite array (1), and is characterized in that:
the multi-element composite array (1) comprises M groups of N-element sub-arrays (3) which are uniformly arranged at the same interval in the same linear direction, and M groups of printed balanced dual-conductive feed lines (4) which are positioned on the arrangement central line of each N-element sub-array (3) and feed each N-element sub-array (3), wherein M is more than or equal to 2nN =1, 2, 3 … …, and each N-element subarray (3) has N-elements at both ends thereofThe upper feeder line and the lower feeder line of the printed balanced double-conductor feeder line (4) of each subarray (3) are short-circuited through metalized holes (41), and a central feed hole (42) used for electrically connecting the external feeder line (2) with the upper feeder line and the lower feeder line of the printed balanced double-conductor feeder line (4) is formed in the center of each N-element subarray (3);
the input impedance of the N-element subarray (3) is 25 omega, and N ultra-wideband oscillator units (8) which are same in shape and size and take a central feed hole (42) as a center are formed in parallel, wherein N is more than or equal to 2; the ultra-wideband oscillator unit (8) consists of an upper oscillator arm (81) arranged on the front side of a PCB, a lower oscillator arm (82) arranged on the back side of the PCB and two parasitic branches (83), the upper oscillator arm (81) is in mirror symmetry with the lower oscillator arm (82) after moving downwards by a distance T, the upper oscillator arm (81) is connected with an upper feeder line printed with a balanced double-conductor feeder line (4), the lower oscillator arm (82) is connected with a lower feeder line printed with the balanced double-conductor feeder line (4), the upper oscillator arm (81) and the lower oscillator arm (82) are both U-shaped oscillators, openings of the upper oscillator arm (81) and the lower oscillator arm (82) are oppositely arranged, the upper oscillator arm (81) or the lower oscillator arm (82) consists of a cross arm (811) in the middle part and wing arms (812) symmetrically arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the cross arm (811), and the wing arms (812) consist of a narrow arm section (812-1) connected with the cross arm (811) and a wide arm section (812-, the two outer ends of the cross arm (811) are chamfered at an inner angle theta in the inner direction, and the inner center of the cross arm (811) is provided with a notch (811-2) which is concave towards the outer direction;
two parasitic branches (83) are respectively arranged on two sides between the outer side of the upper arm (81) of the vibrator and the outer side of the lower arm (82) of the vibrator, the two parasitic branches (83) are not in contact with each other and are symmetrically and jointly arranged on the front surface of a PCB (printed circuit board) or the back surface of the PCB, each parasitic branch (83) is in bilateral symmetry, gaps are respectively formed between the inner edges of the parasitic branches (83) and the outer sides of the upper arm (81) of the vibrator and the lower arm (82) of the vibrator, the outer edges of the parasitic branches are flush with the outer edges of the narrow arm sections (812-1), each parasitic branch (83) is composed of a long strip section (831), a sharp corner section (832) and an extension section (833) which are integrally formed, the center of the long strip section (831) is connected with the sharp corner section (832), the sharp corner of the sharp corner section (832) is connected with the extension section (833), and the long strip section (831) is positioned in the gap formed by the wide arm section (812-2, and the shape is the same as the gap, the sharp-angled section (832) is positioned in the space enclosed by the inverted internal angle theta of the upper arm and the lower arm of the vibrator, and the shape is the same as the space shape, and the extension section (833) extends into the gap between the cross arms (811) of the upper arm and the lower arm of the vibrator;
the external feeder (2) consists of a power divider, an impedance converter and a main feed cable, wherein the power divider is divided into two parts, the power divider is electrically connected with the upper and lower feeders of the printed balanced double-guide feeder (4) through two central feed holes (42) which are a group, and the power divider is divided into two parts and is electrically connected with the main feed cable through the impedance converter.
2. A miniaturized wideband high gain omni directional antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the upper feeder line and the lower feeder line of the printed balanced double-conductor feeder line (4) are formed by cascading a plurality of sections of conductor sections with different lengths and widths.
3. A miniaturized wideband high gain omni directional antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the external feeder (2) is composed of a 50 omega branch feeder cable (5), a 35 omega conversion section cable (6) and a 50 omega main feeder cable (7), two ends of the 50 omega branch feeder cable (5) are respectively electrically connected with an upper feeder line and a lower feeder line of the printed balanced double-guide feeder line (4) through two central feed holes (42) which are in a group, the center of the 50 omega branch feeder cable (5) is electrically connected with one end of the 35 omega conversion section cable (6), and the other end of the 35 omega conversion section cable (6) is electrically connected with the 50 omega main feeder cable (7).
4. A miniaturized wideband high gain omni directional antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the oscillator upper arm (81) and the oscillator lower arm (82) form a half-wave oscillator, and the length of each arm is 0.20-0.25 of central wavelengthλ c The length ratio of the outer edges of the upper and lower wide and narrow sections to the upper arm of the vibrator is 0.45-0.75, and the opening between the upper and lower wide and narrow sectionsThe length ratio of the distance to the upper arm of the vibrator is 0.25-0.35; inverted internal angleθValue range of 15o~60o。
5. A miniaturized wideband high gain omni directional antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the notch (811-2) is rectangular, triangular, circular groove or other symmetrical structures.
6. A miniaturized wideband high gain omni directional antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the width-length ratio of the parasitic branch (83) is 0.01-0.20.
7. A miniaturized wideband high gain omni directional antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the dielectric constant epsilon of the PCBrAnd = 1-20, the PCB is various dielectric substrates including air.
8. A miniaturized wideband high gain omni directional antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the distance between adjacent ultra-wideband vibrator units (8) in the same N-element subarray isd=(0.55 ~0.85)λ c When M multi-element composite arrays (1) composed of N-element sub-arrays are uniformly arranged, the array element spacing of the M multi-element composite arrays (1) is equal toN‧(M-1)‧d。
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108736152A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-11-02 | 广东通宇通讯股份有限公司 | A kind of minimized wide-band high-gain omni-directional antenna |
| RU2720261C1 (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2020-04-28 | Акционерное общество "Научно-производственное предприятие "Полет" | Aircraft antenna |
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2018
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108736152A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-11-02 | 广东通宇通讯股份有限公司 | A kind of minimized wide-band high-gain omni-directional antenna |
| CN108736152B (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2024-02-20 | 广东通宇通讯股份有限公司 | Miniaturized broadband high-gain omnidirectional antenna |
| RU2720261C1 (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2020-04-28 | Акционерное общество "Научно-производственное предприятие "Полет" | Aircraft antenna |
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