CN108666747B - Low-profile array antenna - Google Patents
Low-profile array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN108666747B CN108666747B CN201810393725.XA CN201810393725A CN108666747B CN 108666747 B CN108666747 B CN 108666747B CN 201810393725 A CN201810393725 A CN 201810393725A CN 108666747 B CN108666747 B CN 108666747B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/29—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q21/293—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic one unit or more being an array of identical aerial elements
Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband low-profile tightly-coupled array antenna applied to a wireless communication system, which comprises a metal cavity, a power distribution network, an annular feed structure, a capacitive loading loop unit and an SMA coaxial adapter. The metal cavity surrounds the array antenna and is used for realizing the conformal installation of the antenna and the aircraft and the improvement of a radiation pattern. The invention effectively reduces the profile height of the antenna by introducing the annular feed structure and the capacitive loop loading unit, and reasonably designs the array spacing of the antenna array by the mutual coupling effect between the antenna units, thereby expanding the working frequency band and realizing the low profile, wide band and common type design of the array antenna. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of simple structure, common molding, easy processing, low section, wide working frequency band and the like. Therefore, it is applicable to a wireless communication system of a wide frequency band.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a low-profile, broadband and commonalized array antenna design method which can be applied to modern wireless communication equipment.
Background
As wireless communication systems have evolved, antennas have met with unprecedented growth and challenges as an important component. As the receiving and transmitting foremost antenna of a communication system, the demand in a missile-borne wireless communication system is increasing. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in developing an antenna having a miniaturized, wide-band, low-profile, stable omnidirectional radiation pattern and gain characteristics.
Currently, many articles ON the design of vertically polarized antennas are available in published journal journals, such as Weihua Tan et al in the IEEE transmissions ON ANTENNAS AND propability journal (2951-2954, 16, 2017) propose a sleeve antenna with vertically polarized, omnidirectional radiation characteristics, with an antenna height of 0.25 λ (λ is the wavelength corresponding to the central operating frequency), which is a standard for the design choice of conventional monopole antennas. According to the scheme, the antenna height meets the requirement of a quarter of wavelength by adopting a traditional monopole antenna design method. However, according to the antenna design method, the height of the antenna is too high, and the goal of common molding of the missile-borne antenna cannot be realized; lau et al, in the IEEE antenna and Wireless Transmission amplification Letters (page 340-343, 8, 2009), proposed an antenna with low profile, the height of which is only 0.18 λ (λ is the wavelength corresponding to the central operating frequency), although the antenna has a lower profile, the bandwidth is only 27.1%, and the antenna height is reduced by using a folded radiator. However, this solution does not satisfy the requirement of simultaneous operation of multiple frequency bands, and its cross polarization in azimuth plane is only-10 dB.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for designing a broadband antenna based on a tight coupling effect, which can well overcome the defects and provide a method for designing a co-modeling array antenna with a low profile, a wide frequency band and better directional diagram performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the defects of high section, narrow working bandwidth and deteriorated radiation pattern performance in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a design method of a bandwidth-enhanced low-section common-mode array antenna. Firstly, the semi-circular feed structure and the capacitive loading loop are adopted, so that the profile height of the antenna is effectively reduced; secondly, the invention reasonably utilizes the mutual coupling effect between adjacent units, improves the impedance matching characteristic in the working frequency band and expands the working frequency band of the antenna array. Meanwhile, the 1 × 6 one-dimensional tightly-coupled circular area array is arranged in the metal cavity, so that the co-molding installation between the antenna and the aircraft and the improvement of the radiation pattern of the azimuth plane are effectively realized.
The technical scheme is as follows:
a low-profile array antenna based on strong coupling bandwidth enhancement, comprising: the metal substrate is provided with a metal cavity, a medium substrate, a metal foil layer, an inner layer metal sheet, an outer layer metal sheet and a metal body; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the metal cavity is of a single-layer thin-wall concave disc-shaped structure, and a small hole is formed in the center of the metal cavity; the medium substrate is positioned on the inner layer of the concave surface of the metal cavity and is fixed at the position, close to the center, of the bottom plate of the metal cavity; a metal foil layer is printed on the other side of the medium substrate, and the pattern shape of the metal foil layer is a radiation selective symmetrical shape, in particular N branch terminals which continuously radiate from the center to the outside;
the number of the outer-layer metal sheets is N, the outer-layer metal sheets are fixed on the medium substrate, the appearance of each outer-layer metal sheet comprises three folding planes, the upper planes of the outer-layer metal sheets are separated from each other and are arranged into a circular ring pattern with a gap, and the plane where the circular ring pattern is located is parallel to the adjacent plane of the medium substrate; the other two planes are adjacent to the upper plane of the medium substrate to form a through hole-shaped structure;
the number of the inner-layer metal sheets is N, each inner-layer metal sheet is positioned in the outer-layer metal sheet and fixed in a through hole structure between the outer-layer metal sheet and the medium substrate, each inner-layer metal sheet consists of three folding planes, the inner-layer metal sheets are parallel to the three corresponding folding planes of the outer-layer metal sheets, the size of each inner-layer metal sheet is smaller than that of the outer-layer metal sheets, each inner-layer metal sheet and each outer-layer metal sheet are separated from each other, the inner-layer metal sheets are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the scattering centers of the inner-layer metal sheets are superposed with the;
the metal body penetrates through the medium substrate and is connected with the inner-layer metal sheet and the metal cavity, so that the inner-layer metal sheet and the metal cavity are in a conductive state, and the number of N is larger than 3 and smaller than 20.
For the array antenna, the coupling strength among the antenna units is controlled by controlling the distance D between the antenna units, and the capacitive reactance component formed by the electromagnetic coupling effect counteracts the inductive reactance component between the antenna units and the reflector plate, so that the frequency band of the array antenna is widened. Meanwhile, the working frequency band of the array antenna can extend to the low frequency due to the tight coupling effect, so that the broadband and miniaturized design of the array antenna is realized.
The basic principle is as follows:
the most common form of tightly coupled array antenna is an array of antenna elements with strong coupling, i.e. strong coupling between adjacent antenna elements. The close coupling between the antenna units enables an electromagnetic field to propagate between adjacent units, and the antenna array can obtain current distribution similar to that of a current sheet antenna array, so that the length of resonant current is expanded, and the working bandwidth is enhanced. The tight coupling technique effectively broadens the operating bandwidth of the antenna by extending its lowest cut-off frequency. However, for a limited array of linear arrays, the electromagnetic environment of each array unit is different due to the different positions of the array units in the array, and the coupling degree between the units is different. Especially for the cells at the edge of the array, the coupling effect of the edge antenna cells is deteriorated, the matching is not adjusted and the standing wave is deteriorated due to the truncation of the array cells. To improve this, resistive truncation is usually used, however this approach increases the size of the antenna's efficiency reduction. Therefore, the invention adopts the method of the annular tight coupling array to ensure that all units are connected in the end to end, thereby ensuring that the coupling conditions of all units are the same, avoiding the truncation effect of the limited array and realizing the broadband design of the antenna.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention introduces a loop feed unit and a capacitive loading loop, so that the height of the antenna section is less than 0.19 lambda (lambda is the wavelength corresponding to the central working frequency), the impedance bandwidth is more than 38.7 percent, and the cross polarization is less than-20 dB.
2. The difference of the invention lies in that the coupling strength between the units is controlled by the tight coupling design between the adjacent antenna units, and the capacitive reactance component formed by the electromagnetic coupling effect is utilized to offset the inductive reactance component between the antenna units and the reflecting plate, thereby realizing the frequency band broadening of the array antenna and avoiding the truncation effect of the one-dimensional tight coupling array antenna. Through the mutual coupling effect between adjacent antennas, the distance between the antenna units can be reduced, the electromagnetic coupling between the antenna units is enhanced, the working frequency moves to low frequency, the size of the array antenna is reduced, and the impedance matching and the working bandwidth are effectively improved.
3. The invention further introduces the metal cavity, realizes the common-mode installation between the antenna and the aircraft, and effectively improves the radiation pattern of the antenna on the azimuth plane.
Drawings
The invention has 6 figures in total
Fig. 1 is an overall structural view of an array antenna of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of an antenna unit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a power distribution network according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is the return loss of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an E-plane pattern of the present invention at a center frequency of 2.4 GHz;
FIG. 6 is an H-plane pattern of the present invention at a center frequency of 2.4 GHz;
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail and clearly with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, in the formed tightly coupled array antenna, the height Hg of the metal cavity, the distance D between adjacent antenna units, the height H, the origin of the antenna unit as the center of a circle, and the radius RinThe surrounding forms a tightly coupled common mode array antenna.
A low-profile array antenna comprises a metal cavity 101, a dielectric substrate 301, a metal foil layer 302, an inner metal sheet 201, an outer metal sheet 202 and a metal body 204; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the metal cavity 101 is of a single-layer thin-wall concave disc-shaped structure, and a small hole is formed in the center of the metal cavity; the dielectric substrate 301 is positioned on the inner layer of the concave surface of the metal cavity 101 and fixed at the position, close to the center, of the bottom plate of the metal cavity 101; a metal foil layer 302 is printed on the other side of the medium substrate 301, and the pattern shape of the metal foil layer 302 is a radiation selective symmetrical shape, specifically N branch terminals which continuously radiate from the center to the outside;
the number of the outer layer metal sheets 202 is N, the outer layer metal sheets are fixed on the medium substrate 301, the appearance of each outer layer metal sheet 202 comprises three folding planes, the upper planes of the outer layer metal sheets 202 are separated from each other and are arranged into a circular ring pattern with a gap, and the plane where the circular ring pattern is located is parallel to the adjacent plane of the medium substrate 301; the other two planes are adjacent to the upper plane of the dielectric substrate 301 to form a through hole-shaped structure;
the number of the inner-layer metal sheets 201 is N, each inner-layer metal sheet 201 is located inside each outer-layer metal sheet 202 and is fixed in a through hole structure between each outer-layer metal sheet 202 and the dielectric substrate 301, each inner-layer metal sheet 201 is composed of three folding planes, the three corresponding folding planes of the inner-layer metal sheets 201 and the outer-layer metal sheets 202 are parallel and are smaller than the size of the outer-layer metal sheets 202, each inner-layer metal sheet 201 and each outer-layer metal sheet 202 are separated from each other, the inner-layer metal sheets 201 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the distribution centers of the inner-layer metal sheets 201 coincide with the outer-layer metal sheets 202;
the metal body 204 penetrates the dielectric substrate 301 to connect the inner metal sheet 201 and the metal cavity 101, so that the two are in a conductive state,
the number of N is more than 3 and less than 20.
The metal pads 203 are arranged on the connection part between the inner layer metal sheets 201 and the dielectric substrate 301, the metal pads 203 are plated on the dielectric substrate 301, each inner layer metal sheet 201 is welded with the metal pads 203 into a whole in a welding mode, and the metal body 204 and the metal pads 203 are mutually conducted.
When N is an even number, the shape of the metal foil layer 302 is a combination of a plurality of herringbone patterns;
the distance H between the outer layer metal sheet 202 and the dielectric substrate 301 is 0.1-0.3 times of the working wavelength, and the edge height Hg of the metal cavity 101 is larger than H and smaller than three times of H.
The geometric center distance between the adjacent outer metal sheets 202 is D between 0.3 lambda and 0.55 lambda, and lambda is the center frequency of the working frequency band. The dielectric substrate 301 is an F4B plate with a dielectric constant of 2.2. The low-profile antenna further comprises an SMA connector 303, wherein the SMA connector 303 is located in the center of the metal cavity 101, an inner core of the SMA connector 303 penetrates through a center hole of the metal cavity 101 to be connected with the metal foil layer 302, and an outer conductor of the SMA connector 303 is connected with the surface of the metal coating on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 301.
Example 1: (certain aircraft used as interrogation, response antenna)
The first step is as follows: the metal cavity is made of metal aluminum with relatively low density, the array antenna unit is made of metal copper material, and the power distribution network is made of an F4B dielectric substrate.
The second step is that: according to the mechanical property requirement, the electrical property requirement and the space size constraint of the antenna, the loop distributed tight coupling design of the antenna unit and the co-modeling design of the metal cavity are carried out.
The height of the antenna is about 0.19 times of the working wavelength of the interrogation and response antenna, and the working bandwidth of the optimized array antenna is about 38.7%.
The third step: and preparing a 1 × 6 one-dimensional tightly-coupled circular area array by adopting annular distributed arrangement.
The array antenna unit is formed by bending a metal copper plate with the thickness of 0.4mm, 6 sets of antenna units can be prepared at one time, and the antenna units are arranged on a dielectric substrate in an annular distribution mode to form a 1 multiplied by 6 one-dimensional tightly-coupled circular area array. And the power distribution network printed on the dielectric substrate is used for completing the feeding of the array antenna.
The fourth step: and preparing the metal cavity by adopting a CNC (computerized numerical control) machine tool machining mode.
And (4) performing machine milling and cutting on the metal cavity according to the structural characteristics of the array antenna and the installation size requirement of the aircraft to finish the preparation of the metal cavity.
The fifth step: and according to the structural requirement of the common-mode antenna, the array antenna is arranged in the metal cavity to form the common-mode array antenna.
Example 2: (certain aircraft used as a navigation antenna)
The first step is as follows: the metal cavity is made of metal aluminum with relatively low density, the array antenna is made of metal copper material, and the power distribution network is made of an F4B dielectric substrate.
The second step is that: according to the mechanical property requirement, the electrical property requirement and the space size constraint of the antenna, the loop distributed tight coupling design of the antenna unit and the co-modeling design of the metal cavity are carried out.
By adopting the annular distributed tight coupling design, the working bandwidth of the optimized array antenna reaches 38.7 percent, and is increased by 29.1 percent relative to the bandwidth of a single antenna unit.
The third step: and preparing a 1 × 6 one-dimensional tightly-coupled circular area array by adopting annular distributed arrangement.
The array antenna unit is formed by bending a metal copper plate with the thickness of 0.4mm, 6 sets of antenna units can be prepared at one time, and the antenna units are arranged on a dielectric substrate in an annular distribution mode to form a 1 multiplied by 6 one-dimensional tightly-coupled circular area array. And the power distribution network printed on the dielectric substrate is used for completing the feeding of the array antenna.
The fourth step: and preparing the metal cavity by adopting a CNC (computerized numerical control) machine tool machining mode.
And (4) performing machine milling and cutting on the metal cavity according to the structural characteristics of the array antenna and the installation size requirement of the aircraft to finish the preparation of the metal cavity.
The fifth step: and according to the structural requirement of the common-mode antenna, the array antenna is arranged in the metal cavity to form the common-mode array antenna.
The effect of the invention can be further explained by combining the simulation result:
1. emulated content
1.1 simulation calculation of the port return loss of the array antenna used in the above embodiment was performed using commercial simulation software HFSS _15.0, and the result is shown in fig. 4.
1.2 the far field pattern of the array antenna used in the above embodiment is simulated and calculated by using commercial simulation software HFSS _15.0, and the result is shown in fig. 5, wherein fig. 5 is the normalized radiation pattern of the dual-polarized antenna unit used in the example in the 2.4GHz vertical plane.
1.3 simulation calculation of far field pattern of the array antenna used in the above embodiment is performed by using commercial simulation software HFSS _15.0, and the result is shown in fig. 6, wherein fig. 6 is the normalized radiation pattern of the dual-polarized antenna unit used in the example at 2.4GHz horizontal plane.
2. Simulation result
Referring to fig. 4, the operation frequency band of the array antenna selected in the embodiment is 1.79GHz to 2.65GHz with the return loss of less than-10 dB as a standard, and the common relative bandwidth is 39%.
Referring to fig. 5, the far field radiation pattern of the array antenna selected in the embodiment at 2.4GHz horizontal is seen to be a tapered omni-directional radiation pattern with a cross polarization at least 20dB below the main polarization.
Referring to fig. 6, the far field radiation pattern at 2.4GHz horizontal plane of the array antenna selected for the embodiment is an omni-directional pattern with a cross polarization at least 19dB below the main polarization.
Claims (7)
1. A low profile array antenna, comprising: comprises a metal cavity (101), a dielectric substrate (301), a metal foil layer (302), an inner layer metal sheet (201), an outer layer metal sheet (202) and a metal body (204); wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the metal cavity (101) is of a single-layer thin-wall concave disc-shaped structure, and a small hole is formed in the center of the metal cavity; the dielectric substrate (301) is positioned in the concave inner layer of the metal cavity (101) and is fixed at the position, close to the center, of the bottom plate of the metal cavity (101); a metal foil layer (302) is printed on the other side of the medium substrate (301), and the pattern shape of the metal foil layer (302) is a radiation rotation symmetrical shape, in particular N branch terminals continuously radiating from the center to the outside;
the number of the outer layer metal sheets (202) is N, the outer layer metal sheets are fixed on the medium substrate (301), the appearance of each outer layer metal sheet (202) comprises three folding planes, the upper planes of the outer layer metal sheets (202) are separated from each other and are arranged into a circular ring pattern with a gap, and the plane where the circular ring pattern is located is parallel to the adjacent plane of the medium substrate (301); the other two planes are adjacent to the upper plane of the medium substrate (301) to form a through hole-shaped structure;
the number of the inner-layer metal sheets (201) is N, each inner-layer metal sheet (201) is located inside each outer-layer metal sheet (202) and fixed in a through hole structure between each outer-layer metal sheet (202) and the dielectric substrate (301), each inner-layer metal sheet (201) consists of three folding planes, the inner-layer metal sheets (201) are parallel to the three corresponding folding planes of the outer-layer metal sheets (202) and are smaller than the outer-layer metal sheets (202), each inner-layer metal sheet (201) is separated from each other between each outer-layer metal sheet (202), all the inner-layer metal sheets (201) are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the distribution centers of the inner-layer metal sheets are superposed with the outer-layer metal sheets (202);
the metal body (204) penetrates through the dielectric substrate (301) to connect the inner layer metal sheet (201) and the metal cavity (101) to enable the two to be in a conductive state,
the number of N is more than 3 and less than 20.
2. A low profile array antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
and metal pads (203) are arranged on the connecting parts between the inner-layer metal sheets (201) and the dielectric substrate (301), the metal pads (203) are plated on the dielectric substrate (301), each inner-layer metal sheet (201) is welded with the metal pads (203) into a whole in a welding mode, and the metal body (204) and the metal pads (203) are mutually conducted.
3. A low profile array antenna as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the metal foil layer (302) is shaped as a combination of a plurality of chevron patterns when N is an even number.
4. A low profile array antenna as claimed in claim 3, wherein the distance H between the outer metal sheet (202) and the dielectric substrate (301) is between 0.1 and 0.3 times the operating wavelength, and the edge height Hg of the metal cavity (101) is greater than H and less than three times H.
5. A low-profile array antenna according to claim 4, wherein the geometrical centre-to-centre separation D of adjacent outer metal sheets (202) is in the range 0.3 λ to 0.55 λ, λ being the wavelength corresponding to the central operating frequency.
6. A low-profile array antenna as claimed in claim 5, wherein the dielectric substrate (301) is a F4B sheet material having a dielectric constant of 2.2.
7. A low profile array antenna as claimed in claim 6, further comprising an SMA connector (303), wherein the SMA connector (303) is located in the center of the metal cavity (101), the inner core of the SMA connector (303) penetrates the center hole of the metal cavity (101) to connect with the metal foil layer (302), and the outer conductor of the SMA connector (303) connects with the metal coating surface of the lower surface of the dielectric substrate (301).
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