CN108666747A - A kind of low section array antenna - Google Patents
A kind of low section array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN108666747A CN108666747A CN201810393725.XA CN201810393725A CN108666747A CN 108666747 A CN108666747 A CN 108666747A CN 201810393725 A CN201810393725 A CN 201810393725A CN 108666747 A CN108666747 A CN 108666747A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/29—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q21/293—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic one unit or more being an array of identical aerial elements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of broadband low section close coupling array antenna applied to wireless communication system, including wire chamber, power division network, annular feed structure, capacitive load circuit ring element, the coaxial crossover subs of SMA.Wherein, wire chamber is surrounded on array antenna, for realizing the improvement of the syntype of antenna and aircraft installation and antenna pattern.The present invention effectively reduces the section height of antenna by introducing annular feed structure and capacitive return rings loading unit, and antenna array array spacing is rationally designed by the mutual coupling effect between antenna element, to expand working band, low section, broadband, the syntypeization design of array antenna are realized.Compared with prior art, the present invention has many advantages, such as that simple in structure, syntype, easy processing, section are low, working band is wide.Therefore, it can be applied to the wireless communication system of wide-band.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wireless communication fields, and in particular to a kind of low section, broadband, syntype array antenna design side
Method can be applied in modern wireless telecommunications system.
Background technology
With the development of wireless communication system, antenna as its important component also encounter it is unprecedented development and
Challenge.The antenna of reception and transmitting front end as communication system, the requirement in missile-borne wireless communication system are higher and higher.
Therefore, research and develop it is a kind of with miniaturization, broadband, low section, the omnidirectional radiation directional diagram of stabilization and gain characteristic antenna by
More and more concerns are arrived.
Currently, many articles designed about vertical polarized antenna can be obtained in disclosed journals and periodicals, such as
On IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION periodicals (the 2951-2954 pages of 16 phase in 2017)
Weihua Tan et al. propose a kind of sleeve antenna with vertical polarization, omnidirectional radiation characteristic, and antenna height is 0.25 λ
(λ is the corresponding wavelength of center operating frequency), this is the standard that the design of traditional monopole sub-antenna is chosen.What the program used
Traditional monopole antenna design method, antenna height meet a quarter wavelength.However, according to such Antenna Design side
Method can cause antenna height excessively high, cannot achieve the purpose of Missile-borne Antenna syntype；K.L.Lau et al. is in IEEE Antennas
It is proposed on and Wireless Propagation Letters (the 340-343 pages of 8 phase in 2009) periodical a kind of with low
Section characteristic antenna, antenna height are only 0.18 λ (λ is the corresponding wavelength of center operating frequency), although the antenna have compared with
Low section height, but its bandwidth but only has 27.1%, the program reduces antenna height using the scheme for folding radiator.So
And the program cannot be satisfied the demand that multiband works at the same time, and its cross polarization on azimuth plane is also only -10dB.
It, can be with to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of broadband antenna design method based on close coupling effect
Above-mentioned deficiency is overcome well, and is provided a kind of with low section, broadband, the better syntype array antenna of directional diagram performance
Design method.
Invention content
Goal of the invention：For section of the existing technology height, bandwidth of operation is narrow and antenna pattern penalty not
Foot, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of syntype array antenna design methods of low section of bandwidth enhancement.First, of the invention
Return rings are loaded using semi-circular shape feed structure and capacitive, effectively reduce antenna section height；Next, the invention reside in
The mutual coupling effect between adjacent cells is reasonably utilized, the impedance matching property in working band is improved, has expanded aerial array
Working frequency range.Meanwhile 1 × 6 one-dimensional close coupling rounded face battle array is installed in wire chamber by the present invention, effectively realizes antenna
The improvement of the antenna pattern of syntype installation and azimuth plane between aircraft.
Technical solution：
A kind of low section array antenna based on close coupling bandwidth enhancement, including：There are metal cavity, medium substrate, metal
Layers of foil, inner layer metal piece, outer metal sheet, metallic object；Wherein,
The metal cavity is single layer thin-walled concave disks shape structure, and centre carries aperture；The medium substrate
Positioned at metal cavity concave surface internal layer, it is fixed on metal cavity bottom plate and leans on entad；The medium substrate other side is printed with metal
The pattern form of layers of foil, metal foil layer is that radiation chooses to install symmetric shape, and the N number of branch specially radiated continuously out from center is whole
End；
The outer metal sheet quantity is N number of, is fixed on medium substrate, the shape of each outer metal sheet includes three
A to be folded flat face, the upper plane of each outer metal sheet is separated from each other, and is arranged in the annulus pattern of a band gap, annulus pattern
Place plane is parallel with the adjacent flat of medium substrate；The upper planar abutment of other two plane and medium substrate constitutes one
The structure of shape of through holes；
The quantity of the inner layer metal piece is N number of, and each inner layer metal piece is located inside outer metal sheet, is fixed on outer layer
In through-hole structure between sheet metal and medium substrate, inner layer metal piece is folded flat face by three and forms, inner layer metal piece and outer layer
It is parallel that three correspondences of sheet metal are folded flat face, and size is less than outer metal sheet, each inner layer metal piece and each outer layer metal
It is separated from each other between piece, each inner layer metal piece is evenly distributed, and centre of dispersion is overlapped with each outer metal sheet；
Metallic object penetrates medium substrate, connects inner layer metal piece and metal cavity, makes to be in conduction state, institute between the two
The quantity for stating N is more than 3, is less than 20.
For the array antenna, the stiffness of coupling between antenna element is controlled by controlling antenna element space D, profit
The induction reactance component between antenna element and reflecting plate is offset with the capacitive reactance component that electromagnetic coupling effect is formed, to realize array day
The band spread of line.Simultaneously as close coupling effect so that the working band of array antenna can be to low frequency extension, to realize battle array
Broadband, the Miniaturization Design of array antenna.
Basic principle：
The array that the most common form of close coupling array antenna is formed for the antenna element with close coupling is that is, adjacent
There is stronger coupling between antenna element.Close-coupled between antenna element allow electromagnetic field adjacent cells it
Between propagate, this aerial array can obtain with current distribution similar in electric current chip-array antenna, to expand resonance current
Length, so that bandwidth of operation is enhanced.Close coupling technology is broadened indeed through its minimum cutoff is expanded
The bandwidth of operation of antenna.However for linearly aligned Finite Array, not due to the position of each array element in an array
Together, so the electromagnetic environment of each array element is also not quite similar, there is also differences for the degree of coupling between unit.It is especially right
In the unit of array edges, due to blocking for array element so that the coupling effect of edge antenna element is deteriorated, matching imbalance,
Standing wave deteriorates.In order to improve such case, the resistive truncation of generally use, however this method can make the efficiency of antenna drop
Low dimensional increases.Therefore the present invention makes each unit ending connect using the method for annular close coupling array, each to ensure
The coupling condition of a unit is identical, avoids the truncation effect of Finite Array, realizes the broadband design of antenna.
The invention has the advantages that：
1, invention introduces annular feed elements and capacitive to load return rings so that antenna section height is less than 0.19 λ
(λ is the corresponding wavelength of center operating frequency), impedance bandwidth is more than 38.7% and cross polarization is less than -20dB.
2, the invention be distinguished in that, by the close coupling design between adjacent antenna units come stiffness of coupling between control unit,
And the induction reactance component between antenna element and reflecting plate is offset using the capacitive reactance component that electromagnetic coupling effect is formed, to realize
The band spread of array antenna is stated, and avoids the truncation effect of one-dimensional close coupling array antenna.By between adjacent antenna
Mutual coupling effect can not only reduce antenna element spacing, but also enhance the electromagnetic coupling between antenna element so that work frequency
Rate is moved to low frequency, so that array antenna size reduction, and effectively improve impedance matching and bandwidth of operation.
3, the present invention has been further introduced into wire chamber, realizes the syntype installation between antenna and aircraft, and effectively change
Be apt to antenna azimuth plane antenna pattern.
Description of the drawings
The present invention shares 6 width attached drawings
Fig. 1 is array antenna overall structure figure of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of inventive antenna unit；
Fig. 3 is power division network vertical view of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the return loss of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is E face directional diagram of the present invention at centre frequency 2.4GHz；
Fig. 6 is H face directional diagram of the present invention at centre frequency 2.4GHz；
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with the attached drawing in present example, technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, detailed
Ground describes.
Referring to Fig.1, formed close coupling array antenna, wire chamber height Hg, adjacent antenna units are highly H at a distance of D,
Antenna element is using origin as the center of circle, radius RinIt surround and constitutes close coupling syntype array antenna.
A kind of low section array antenna includes metal cavity 101, medium substrate 301, metal foil layer 302, inner layer metal
Piece 201, outer metal sheet 202, metallic object 204；Wherein,
The metal cavity 101 is single layer thin-walled concave disks shape structure, and centre carries aperture；The medium base
Plate 301 is located at 101 concave surface internal layer of metal cavity, is fixed on 101 bottom plate of metal cavity and leans on entad；Medium substrate 301 is another
Side is printed with metal foil layer 302, and the pattern form of metal foil layer 302 is that radiation chooses to install symmetric shape, specially from center to
N number of branch terminal of outer continuous radiation；
202 quantity of the outer metal sheet is N number of, is fixed on medium substrate 301, outside each outer metal sheet 202
Shape is folded flat face there are three including, and the upper plane of each outer metal sheet 202 is separated from each other, and is arranged in the annulus of a band gap
Pattern, plane where annulus pattern are parallel with the adjacent flat of medium substrate 301；Other two plane and medium substrate 301
Upper planar abutment constitutes the structure of a shape of through holes；
The quantity of the inner layer metal piece 201 is N number of, and each inner layer metal piece 201 is located inside outer metal sheet 202,
It is fixed in the through-hole structure between outer metal sheet 202 and medium substrate 301, inner layer metal piece 201 is by three folding set of planes
At, inner layer metal piece 201 is parallel with three corresponding faces that are folded flat of outer metal sheet 202, and size is less than outer metal sheet 202,
It is separated from each other between each inner layer metal piece 201 and each outer metal sheet 202, each inner layer metal piece 201 is circumferentially
Uniformly distributed, centre of dispersion is overlapped with each outer metal sheet 202；
Metallic object 204 penetrates medium substrate 301, connection inner layer metal piece 201 and metal cavity 101, makes to locate between the two
In conduction state,
The quantity of the N is more than 3, is less than 20.
There are metal pad 203, the metal welding on connecting portion between internal layer sheet metal 201 and medium substrate 301
Disk 203 is to be coated on medium substrate 301, and each inner layer metal piece 201 is welded as one with welding manner and metal pad 203
Body, metallic object 204 are connected each other with metal pad 203.
When N is even number, the shape of the metal foil layer 302 is the combination of multiple " people " herringbone patterns；
The distance between outer metal sheet 202 and medium substrate 301 H are between 0.1~0.3 times of operation wavelength, wire chamber
The brim height Hg of body 101 is more than H, is less than three times of H.
The geometric center spacing of the adjacent outer metal sheet 202 is that D is 0.3 λ -0.55 λ, and λ is in working frequency range
Frequency of heart.The medium substrate 301 is the F4B planks of dielectric constant 2.2.Above-mentioned low profile antenna also includes sub-miniature A connector
303, the sub-miniature A connector 303 is located at the center of metal cavity 101, and 303 inner core of sub-miniature A connector penetrates 101 centre bore of metal cavity
It is connected with metal foil layer 302,303 outer conductor of sub-miniature A connector is connect with the lower surface metal clad surface of medium substrate 301.
Embodiment 1：(certain aircraft is used as inquiry, response antenna)
The first step：The relatively small metallic aluminium of metal cavity selection density, array antenna unit select metallic copper material, work(point
Network selects F4B medium substrates.
Second step：It is constrained according to the mechanical property requirements, requirement on electric performance and bulk of antenna, has carried out antenna element
The close coupling design of ring-shape distribution and the syntypeization design of wire chamber.
The antenna height be about inquire, 0.19 times of response antenna operating wavelength, the work band of the array antenna after optimization
It is wide by about 38.7%.
Third walks：1 × 6 one-dimensional close coupling rounded face battle array is prepared using ring-shape distribution arrangement.
The metal copper plate of the array antenna unit Selection utilization 0.4mm thickness is bent, and can once prepare 6 sets of antenna lists
Member, and antenna element is installed in the way of annular spread on medium substrate, form 1 × 6 one-dimensional close coupling rounded face battle array.
And the feed of array antenna is completed using the power division network being printed on medium substrate.
4th step：Wire chamber preparation is carried out by the way of the processing of CNC numerically-controlled machine tools.
According to the design feature of array antenna and the installation dimension requirement of aircraft, machine milling, cutting are carried out to metal cavity,
Metal cavity is completed to prepare.
5th step：According to the structural requirement of syntype antenna, array antenna is installed in metal cavity, forms syntype battle array
Array antenna.
Embodiment 2：(certain aircraft is used as navigation antenna)
The first step：The relatively small metallic aluminium of metal cavity selection density, array antenna select metallic copper material, power division network
Select F4B medium substrates.
Second step：It is constrained according to the mechanical property requirements, requirement on electric performance and bulk of antenna, has carried out antenna element
The close coupling design of ring-shape distribution and the syntypeization design of wire chamber.
Using the close coupling design of ring-shape distribution so that the bandwidth of operation of the array antenna after optimization reaches
38.7%, opposite individual antenna unit bandwidth increases 29.1%.
Third walks：1 × 6 one-dimensional close coupling rounded face battle array is prepared using ring-shape distribution arrangement.
The metal copper plate of the array antenna unit Selection utilization 0.4mm thickness is bent, and can once prepare 6 sets of antenna lists
Member, and antenna element is installed in the way of annular spread on medium substrate, form 1 × 6 one-dimensional close coupling rounded face battle array.
And the feed of array antenna is completed using the power division network being printed on medium substrate.
4th step：Metal cavity preparation is carried out by the way of the processing of CNC numerically-controlled machine tools.
According to the design feature of array antenna and the installation dimension requirement of aircraft, machine milling, cutting are carried out to metal cavity,
Wire chamber is completed to prepare.
5th step：According to the structural requirement of syntype antenna, array antenna is installed in metal cavity, forms syntype battle array
Array antenna.
The effect of the present invention can be described further in conjunction with simulation result：
1, emulation content
1.1 go back to the port of the array antenna employed in the above embodiment using business simulation software HFSS_15.0
Wave loss carries out simulation calculation, and the results are shown in Figure 4.
1.2 utilize far field sides of the business simulation software HFSS_15.0 to the array antenna employed in the above embodiment
Simulation calculation is carried out to figure, the results are shown in Figure 5, wherein:Fig. 5 is the dual polarized antenna unit employed in example in 2.4GHz
Vertical plane normalizes antenna pattern.
1.3 utilize far field sides of the business simulation software HFSS_15.0 to the array antenna employed in the above embodiment
Simulation calculation is carried out to figure, the results are shown in Figure 6, wherein:Fig. 6 is the dual polarized antenna unit employed in example in 2.4GHz
Horizontal plane normalizes antenna pattern.
2, simulation result
With reference to Fig. 4, -10dB is less than as standard using return loss, selected array antenna working frequency range in embodiment
For 1.79GHz~2.65GHz, public relative bandwidth is 39%.
It is the far field radiation pattern of array antenna horizontal plane at 2.4GHz selected in embodiment with reference to Fig. 5,
Its directional diagram as seen from the figure is taper omnidirectional radiation directional diagram, and cross polarization is less than main polarization at least 20dB.
It is the far field radiation pattern of array antenna horizontal plane at 2.4GHz selected in embodiment with reference to Fig. 6
For omni-directional pattern, cross polarization is less than main polarization at least 19dB.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of low section array antenna, it is characterised in that：Include metal cavity (101), medium substrate (301), metal foil
Layer (302), inner layer metal piece (201), outer metal sheet (202), metallic object (204)；Wherein,
The metal cavity (101) is single layer thin-walled concave disks shape structure, and centre carries aperture；The medium substrate
(301) it is located at metal cavity (101) concave surface internal layer, is fixed on metal cavity (101) bottom plate and leans on entad；Medium substrate
(301) other side is printed with metal foil layer (302), and the pattern form of metal foil layer (302) is that radiation chooses to install symmetric shape, specifically
For the N number of branch terminal radiated continuously out from center；
Outer metal sheet (202) quantity is N number of, is fixed on medium substrate (301), each outer metal sheet (202)
Shape includes there are three being folded flat face, and the upper plane of each outer metal sheet (202) is separated from each other, and is arranged in band gap
Annulus pattern, plane where annulus pattern are parallel with the adjacent flat of medium substrate (301)；Other two plane and medium substrate
(301) upper planar abutment constitutes the structure of a shape of through holes；
The quantity of the inner layer metal piece (201) is N number of, and each inner layer metal piece (201) is located in outer metal sheet (202)
Portion is fixed in the through-hole structure between outer metal sheet (202) and medium substrate (301), and inner layer metal piece (201) is by three
It is folded flat face composition, inner layer metal piece (201) is parallel with three corresponding faces that are folded flat of outer metal sheet (202), and size is less than outer
Layer sheet metal (202), is separated from each other, each internal layer between each inner layer metal piece (201) and each outer metal sheet (202)
Sheet metal (201) are evenly distributed, and centre of dispersion is overlapped with each outer metal sheet (202)；
Metallic object (204) penetrates medium substrate (301), connection inner layer metal piece (201) and metal cavity (101), makes the two
Between be in conduction state,
The quantity of the N is more than 3, is less than 20.
2. a kind of low section array antenna as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
There are metal pad (203), the metal on connecting portion between internal layer sheet metal (201) and medium substrate (301)
Pad (203) is to be coated on medium substrate (301), and each inner layer metal piece (201) is with welding manner and metal pad (203)
It is welded as a whole, metallic object (204) is connected each other with metal pad (203).
3. a kind of low section array antenna as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that when N is even number, the metal
The shape of layers of foil (302) is the combination of multiple " people " herringbone patterns.
4. a kind of low section array antenna as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that outer metal sheet (202) and medium base
For the distance between plate (301) H between 0.1~0.3 times of operation wavelength, the brim height Hg of metal cavity (101) is more than H, small
In three times of H.
5. a kind of low section array antenna as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the adjacent outer metal sheet
(202) geometric center spacing is that D is 0.3 λ -0.55 λ, and λ is the centre frequency of working frequency range.
6. a kind of low section array antenna as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the medium substrate (301) is dielectric
The F4B planks of constant 2.2.
7. a kind of low section array antenna as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that also include sub-miniature A connector (303), institute
The sub-miniature A connector (303) stated is located at the center of metal cavity (101), and sub-miniature A connector (303) inner core penetrates metal cavity (101) center
Hole is connected with metal foil layer (302), the lower surface metal clad surface of sub-miniature A connector (303) outer conductor and medium substrate (301)
Connection.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810393725.XA CN108666747B (en) | 2018-04-27 | 2018-04-27 | Low-profile array antenna |
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| CN201810393725.XA CN108666747B (en) | 2018-04-27 | 2018-04-27 | Low-profile array antenna |
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| CN112072294A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-12-11 | 电子科技大学 | Broadband low-profile high-isolation dual-circular-polarization two-dimensional wide-angle scanning sparse array |
| CN112713396A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-27 | 北京机电工程研究所 | Dual-frequency miniaturized dipole antenna with rectangular back cavity |
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| CN112713396A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-27 | 北京机电工程研究所 | Dual-frequency miniaturized dipole antenna with rectangular back cavity |
| CN112713396B (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2022-10-18 | 北京机电工程研究所 | Dual-frequency miniaturized dipole antenna with rectangular back cavity |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108666747B (en) | 2020-01-10 |
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