CN109072987B - 一种控制变速箱中的联接装置的方法 - Google Patents
一种控制变速箱中的联接装置的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种控制变速箱(8)中的联接装置(2)的方法,包括以下步骤:a)通过沿从第一位置到第二位置的方向在联接套筒(24)上施加第一力(F1)来将联接套筒(24)位移至第二位置,该第一力克服沿从第二位置到第一位置的方向作用在联接套筒(24)上的弹簧力(FS);b)当联接套筒(24)处于第二位置时,并且当作用在联接套筒(24)上的反作用力(FR)克服作用在联接套筒(24)上的弹簧力(FS)时,解除作用在联接套筒(24)上的第一力(F1),该反作用力(FR)是通过布置在联接套筒(24)上的第三接合构件(33)传递的扭矩(TS)的结果;c)在联接套筒(24)正离开第二位置的情况下,沿从第一位置到第二位置的方向在联接套筒(24)上施加第一力(F1);以及d)借助于第二动力源(16)减小通过联接套筒(24)传递的扭矩(TS)。本发明还涉及一种联接装置(2)、一种包括联接装置(2)的变速箱(8)以及一种包括变速箱(8)的车辆(1)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种控制变速箱中的联接装置的方法、一种联接装置、一种具有该联接装置的变速箱、以及一种具有该变速箱的车辆。
背景技术
车辆,尤其是重型货车(例如卡车和公共汽车)通常配备有连接到动力源(诸如内燃机、电机或其组合)的变速箱。变速箱可以是自动的、手动的或其组合,其配置有用于在变速箱中换挡的一个或多个致动缸。致动缸控制变速箱中的不同轴上的齿轮的啮合和脱开,从而获得适当的排挡。致动缸可以是气动、液压或电动型的,并且由于变速箱中的空间有限,应当设计得尽可能小。
卡车中的变速器通常包括自动手动变速器,其包括大量相互作用的部件并且通过电子控制装置控制以实现排挡的自动换挡。车辆中的一个或多个电子传感器获得与车辆的操作状况有关的信息,并且向阀提供信号,该阀向致动缸供应压缩空气或液压油,从而控制变速箱中的齿轮的啮合和脱开,从而获得到适当排挡的换挡。
在这种类型的变速箱中,包括锥形同步环和联接环的同步装置可以通过包括齿形联接套筒的联接装置代替,该齿形联接套筒轴向位移以便与放置在变速箱中的输入轴和主轴上的齿轮啮合。放置在输入轴和主轴上的每个齿轮与牢固地附接到另一轴(诸如副轴)的对应的齿轮元件啮合。在换挡时,联接套筒轴向位移,以便与布置在可选择的齿轮上的联接齿啮合,以便将齿轮连接到输入轴或主轴并且将其不可相对旋转地锁定在输入轴或主轴上。
联接套筒可以借助于气动元件沿一个方向轴向位移并且借助于弹簧沿相反方向轴向位移。来自作用在联接套筒上的气动元件的轴向力将会克服来自弹簧的弹簧力,并且因此使联接套筒沿来自气动元件的力的方向轴向位移。当来自气动元件的力被解除时,联接套筒沿弹簧力的方向轴向位移。
然而,联接套筒可用于在车辆的变速箱中将可旋转元件彼此连接并且从彼此断开,该变速箱形成车辆中的动力系的一部分。当来自气动元件的力已经施加在联接套筒上并且联接套筒已经位移以便连接可旋转元件时,来自动力系中的动力源的扭矩将会产生反作用力,该反作用力将联接套筒固定在可旋转元件上。如果来自动力源的扭矩足够大,则来自气动元件的力可以被解除,并且联接套筒将会由于反作用力而沿轴向方向固定。
出于安全原因,可旋转元件应当在气动元件失效或者车辆中的控制气动元件的其它部件失效的情况下断开。因此,如果车辆中的气压突然下降并且车辆的操纵能力受到严重影响,则当来自动力源的扭矩减小时,变速箱中的可旋转元件借助于作用在联接套筒上的弹簧来断开,以使得来自动力源(诸如内燃机)的驱动力不传递到车辆的驱动轮。
然而,在车辆的一些操作模式期间,来自动力源的扭矩可能不足以产生反作用力,该反作用力大于作用在联接套筒上的弹簧力。而且,由于联接装置中的振动和振荡,弹簧力有可能克服反作用力。还有可能在联接套筒与借助于联接套筒连接的可旋转元件之间存在一些未对准。结果,联接套筒可能通过弹簧力而轴向位移,并且可旋转元件将会断开。
文献WO2007061348公开了一种用于防止车辆变速器中的齿式离合器中的齿轮跳出的装置。齿式离合器包括接合套筒。接合套筒的轴向位移通过换挡致动器系统执行,该换挡致动器系统在所述齿式离合器处于接合状态时的某些情况下启动,以便防止齿轮跳出。因此,根据该现有技术,在排挡的换挡期间通常启动的换挡致动器系统在接合状态下启动,以便防止齿轮跳出。
文献WO2014098657公开了一种离合器装置,其包括换挡活塞以及用于迫使换挡活塞朝向空挡位置的弹簧元件。所述换挡活塞是液压致动的并且布置成相对于第一齿轮和第二齿轮沿轴向方向位移,以使得所述换挡活塞具有第一轴向位置、第二轴向位置和第三中性位置,其在该第一轴向位置与第一齿轮啮合,其在该第二轴向位置与第二齿轮啮合。
发明内容
尽管存在现有技术,但仍需要开发这样的一种联接装置,其被保持在接合位置。而且,需要开发这样的一种联接装置,其中在联接套筒无意地离开接合位置的情况下,联接套筒返回到接合位置。
本发明的一目的从而是提供一种联接装置,其被保持在接合位置。本发明的另一目的是提供一种联接装置,其中在联接套筒无意地离开接合位置的情况下,联接套筒返回到接合位置。
本文提到的目的通过一种控制变速箱中的联接装置的方法、一种联接装置、一种具有该联接装置的变速箱以及一种具有该变速箱的车辆来实现。
根据本发明的一方面,控制变速箱中的联接装置的方法,该联接装置包括:
联接套筒,其在第一与第二位置之间轴向可位移;
第一和第二可旋转元件,其借助于联接套筒可连接到彼此和从彼此断开;
第一动力源,其连接到第一可旋转元件;
第二动力源,其连接到第二可旋转元件;
第一接合构件,其布置在第一可旋转元件上;
第二接合构件,其布置在第二可旋转元件上;
第三接合构件,其布置在联接套筒上;
第一和第二接合构件配置成经由布置在联接套筒上的第三接合构件在第一与第二可旋转元件之间传递扭矩,并且
第一和第二接合构件配置成允许第三接合构件沿着第一和第二接合构件轴向位移。该方法包括以下步骤:
a)通过沿从第一位置到第二位置的方向在联接套筒上施加第一力来将联接套筒位移到第二位置,该第一力克服沿从第二位置到第一位置的方向作用在联接套筒上的弹簧力;
b)当联接套筒处于第二位置时,并且当作用在联接套筒上的反作用力克服作用在联接套筒上的弹簧力时,解除联接套筒上的第一力,该反作用力是通过布置在联接套筒上的第三接合构件传递的扭矩的结果;
c)在联接套筒正离开第二位置的情况下,沿从第一位置到第二位置的方向在联接套筒上施加第一力;以及
d)借助于第二动力源减小通过联接套筒传递的扭矩。
当联接套筒已经位移到第二位置以便连接可旋转元件时,联接套筒将会经由接合构件在可旋转元件之间传递扭矩。由于联接装置中的振动和振荡以及联接套筒与可旋转元件之间的一些可能的不对准,弹簧力可以克服反作用力,并且联接套筒将会从第二位置移开。
由于将联接套筒固定在可旋转元件上的反作用力可能大于第一力,联接套筒不能轴向位移。根据本发明,在联接套筒没有轴向位移的情况下,通过联接套筒传递的扭矩将会借助于第二动力源而减小。通过第二动力源施加在第二可旋转元件上的扭矩从而将会减小借助于内燃机产生的扭矩的影响。结果,反作用力将会减小,这意味着第一力可以克服弹簧力。结果,联接套筒可以沿从第一位置到第二位置的方向位移,并且从而返回到第二位置。
根据本发明的另一方面,该方法还包括以下步骤:
e)借助于第一和/或第二动力源增加通过联接套筒传递的扭矩。
当联接套筒已经沿从第一位置到第二位置的方向位移并且已经返回到第二位置时,联接套筒上的扭矩可以增加。
根据本发明的另一方面,该方法还包括以下步骤:
f)当联接套筒处于第二位置时返回到步骤b)。
如果联接套筒从第二位置移开,则用于使联接套筒返回到上述第二位置的方法步骤b)-e)将会重复。
在步骤b)之前,根据本发明的另一方面,该方法还包括以下步骤:
g)借助于位置检测器元件检测联接套筒的轴向位置。
位置检测器元件将会检测联接套筒是否无意地从第二位置移开。因此,用于使联接套筒返回到第二位置的方法步骤b)-e)将会生效。
根据本发明的另一方面,步骤d)仅在当第一力施加在联接套筒上时联接套筒不到达第二位置的情况下才执行。
如果第一力足够强以克服弹簧力和反作用力,则联接套筒将会位移到第二位置,而不需要借助于第二动力源减小通过联接套筒传递的扭矩。
根据本发明的另一方面,第一、第二和第三接合构件是花键元件,该花键元件在联接套筒与第一和第二可旋转元件之间形成花键连接。
花键连接允许联接元件的轴向位移并且还允许联接元件在可旋转元件之间传递扭矩。
本发明的其它优点从以下详细描述中可以看出。
附图说明
下面参考附图描述本发明的优选实施方式,其中:
图1示意性地展示根据本发明的配置有联接装置的车辆,
图2示出根据本发明的配置有联接装置的变速箱的剖视图,
图3a和3b示出根据本发明的处于第一和第二位置的联接装置的剖视图,以及
图4示出根据本发明的用于控制变速箱的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地展示根据本发明的配置有联接装置2的车辆1。车辆1包括动力系6,该动力系包括动力源14,16、变速箱8和传动轴12。动力源14,16联接到变速箱8,并且包括内燃机14或电机16或其组合。变速箱8还经由传动轴12连接到车辆1的驱动轮20。变速箱8被变速箱外壳22包围。
图2示出根据本发明的配置有联接装置2的变速箱8的剖视图。内燃机14经由联接装置2连接到变速箱8,该联接装置包括轴向可移动的联接套筒24。轴向可移动的联接套筒24轴向位移,以便与第一可旋转元件26(诸如内燃机14的输出轴26)和第二可旋转元件28(诸如变速箱8中的中间轴28)接合。
第一接合构件29布置在第一可旋转元件26上,第二接合构件31布置在第二可旋转元件28上,并且第三接合构件33布置在第一联接套筒24上。第一和第二接合构件29,31配置成经由布置在联接套筒24上的第三接合构件33在第一与第二可旋转元件26,28之间传递扭矩TS。而且,第一和第二接合构件29,31配置成允许第三接合构件33沿着第一和第二接合构件29,31的轴向位移。根据本发明的一实施方式,第一、第二和第三接合构件29,31,33是花键,以使得轴向可移动的联接套筒24借助于花键连接34接合内燃机14的输出轴26以及变速箱8中的中间轴28。
在轴向可移动的联接套筒24的第一轴向位置,内燃机14的输出轴26从中间轴28脱开。在该轴向脱开位置,轴向可移动的联接套筒24仅与中间轴28接合,并且将会借助于轴向可移动的联接套筒24与中间轴28之间的花键连接34与中间轴28一起旋转。在轴向可移动的联接套筒24的第二轴向位置,内燃机14的输出轴26和中间轴28借助于轴向可移动的联接套筒24接合。轴向可移动的联接套筒24的该第二轴向位置在图2中展示。
中间轴28连接到主变速箱43的输入轴42。主变速箱43的输出轴48连接到副变速箱52的输入轴50,其在图2中示意性地公开。副变速箱52连接到车辆1的驱动轮20。
电机16布置成向动力系6增加扭矩但也制动动力系6。电机16的转子64连接到中间轴28。电机16可以设计成向驱动轮8提供足够的动力和扭矩,用于在不使用内燃机14的情况下推进车辆1。电机16的动力可以从能量存储器68(诸如布置在车辆1中的电化学能量存储器)或从外部能量存储器(诸如在使用车辆1的环境中的电线或未公开其它导电构件)提供。当电机16在主变速箱43的输入轴42上产生制动扭矩时,能量存储器68还可以从电机16接收电力。
电子控制单元88联接到变速箱8、内燃机14、电机16和气动元件90。位置检测元件91连接到控制单元88。图2中所示的位置检测元件91布置成用于检测联接套筒24的轴向位置。因此,联接套筒24的第一和第二位置以及它们之间的任何位置可以借助于位置检测元件91检测。许多未示出的变速箱8和内燃机14中的速度传感器可以连接到控制单元88。另一计算机72也可以连接到控制单元88。控制单元88可以是具有用于此目的的适当软件的计算机72。控制单元88和/或计算机72包括计算机程序P,该计算机程序可以包括控制变速箱8的例程。程序P可以以可执行形式或压缩形式存储在存储器M中和/或读/写存储器中。优选地,提供一种计算机程序制品,其包括存储在计算机可读介质上的程序代码,该程序代码用于当所述程序在控制单元88或连接到控制单元88的另一计算机72上运行时在变速箱8中执行换挡。所述代码可以是非易失性的,存储在所述计算机可读介质中。
气动元件90布置成借助于气压在联接套筒24上产生第一力F1,以使联接套筒24沿从第一位置到第二位置的方向轴向位移,以便连接第一和第二可旋转元件26,28。弹簧92布置成借助于其弹簧力FS使联接套筒24沿从第二位置到第一位置的方向轴向位移,以便断开第一和第二可旋转元件26,28。轴向可移动的联接套筒24的轴向位移也可以利用一个或多个致动缸(未公开)提供,该一个或多个致动缸用于使联接套筒24在第一与第二位置之间轴向位移。该致动缸可以是气动、液压或电动型的。
图3a和3b示出根据本发明的处于第一和第二位置的联接装置2的剖视图。在图3a中,联接套筒24处于第一脱开位置,并且在图3b中,联接套筒24处于第二接合位置。
根据图3a和3b所示的实施方式,第一、第二和第三接合构件29,31,33是花键,以使得轴向可移动的联接套筒24借助于花键连接34接合内燃机14的输出轴26以及变速箱8中的中间轴28。
在第一轴向脱开位置,轴向可移动的联接套筒24仅与中间轴28接合,并且将会借助于轴向可移动的联接套筒24与中间轴28之间的花键连接34与中间轴28一起旋转。来自弹簧92的弹簧力FS沿从第二位置到第一位置的方向作用在联接套筒24上,以便断开第一和第二可旋转元件26,28。当联接套筒24处于第一位置时,来自作用在联接套筒24上的气动元件90的气压发出的第一力F1为零或基本为零。
在图3b中,轴向可移动的联接套筒24已经轴向位移到第二位置,以便使内燃机14的输出轴26与变速箱8中的中间轴28接合。联接套筒24的轴向位移已经通过增加第一力F1以使得其克服弹簧力FS来提供,以使得联接套筒24沿从第一位置到第二位置的方向位移,以连接第一和第二可旋转元件26,28。当第一和第二可旋转元件26,28的速度基本上同步时,或者当第一和第二可旋转元件26,28处于静止状况时,联接套筒24的该轴向位移是可能的。
当联接套筒24已经位移到第二位置以便连接可旋转元件26,28时,联接套筒24将会在可旋转元件26,28之间传递扭矩TS。扭矩TS通过内燃机14产生,并且将会在花键连接34中产生反作用力FR,该反作用力将联接套筒24固定在可旋转元件26,28上。如果来自内燃机14的扭矩足够大,则来自气动元件90的力可以解除,并且联接套筒24由于反作用力FR而将会沿轴向方向固定。
然而,在通过联接套筒24传递的扭矩TS不足以产生大于作用在联接套筒24上的弹簧力FS的反作用力FR的情况下,联接套筒24将会从第二位置移开。而且,由于联接装置2中的振动和振荡以及联接套筒24与可旋转元件26,28之间的一些可能的不对准,弹簧力FS可以克服反作用力FR,并且联接套筒24将会从第二位置移开。结果,联接套筒24可以通过弹簧力FS轴向位移,并且可旋转元件26,28将会断开。
该问题可以通过启动气动元件90以使得第一力F1克服弹簧力FS来解决。结果,联接套筒24可以沿从第一位置到第二位置的方向位移,并且从而返回到第二位置。
然而,如果将联接套筒24固定在可旋转元件26,28上的反作用力FR大于提供来自气动元件90的气压产生的第一力F1,则联接套筒24将不轴向位移。根据本发明,在联接套筒24不轴向位移的情况下,通过联接套筒24传递的扭矩TS将会借助于电机16减小。因为电机16布置成在中间轴28上施加扭矩,因此可以启动电机16并且减小通过联接套筒24传递的扭矩TS。通过电机16施加在中间轴28上的扭矩将会因此减小借助于内燃机14产生的扭矩的影响。结果,反作用力FR将会减小,这意味着第一力F1可以克服弹簧力FS。结果,联接套筒24可以沿从第一位置到第二位置的方向位移,并且从而返回到第二位置。
控制变速箱8中的联接装置2的方法包括以下步骤:
a)通过沿从第一位置到第二位置的方向在联接套筒24上施加第一力F1来将联接套筒24位移到第二位置,该第一力克服沿从第二位置到第一位置的方向作用在联接套筒24上的弹簧力FS;
b)当联接套筒24处于第二位置时,并且当作用在联接套筒24上的反作用力FR克服作用在联接套筒24上的弹簧力FS时,解除联接套筒24上的第一力F1,该反作用力FR是通过布置在联接套筒24上的第三接合构件33传递的扭矩TS的结果;
c)在联接套筒24正离开第二位置的情况下,沿从第一位置到第二位置的方向上在联接套筒24上施加第一力F1;以及
d)借助于第二动力源16减小通过联接套筒24传递的扭矩TS。
根据本发明,在当施加第一力F1时联接套筒24不轴向位移的情况下,通过联接套筒24传递的扭矩TS将会借助于第二动力源16减小。通过第二动力源16施加在第二可旋转元件28上的扭矩从而将会减小借助于第一动力源14产生的扭矩的影响。结果,反作用力FR将会减小,这意味着第一力F1可以克服弹簧力FS。结果,联接套筒24可以沿从第一位置到第二位置的方向位移,并且从而返回到第二位置。
根据一实施方式,该方法还包括以下步骤:
e)借助于第一和/或第二动力源14,16增加通过联接套筒24传递的扭矩TS。
根据另一实施方式,该方法还包括以下步骤:
f)当联接套筒24处于第二位置时返回步骤b)。
在步骤b)之前,该方法的实施方式还包括以下步骤:
g)借助于位置检测器元件91检测联接套筒24的轴向位置。位置检测器元件91将会检测联接套筒24何时处于第二位置,并且还检测联接套筒24是否从第二位置移开。因此,用于使联接套筒24返回到第二位置的方法步骤b)-e)将生效。
根据该方法的实施方式,步骤d)仅当第一力F1施加在联接套筒24上时联接套筒24不到达第二位置时执行。
根据该方法的另一实施方式,第一、第二和第三接合构件29,31,33是花键元件,该花键元件在联接套筒24与第一和第二可旋转元件26,28之间形成花键连接34。
根据本发明的实施方式,当通过第三接合构件33传递的扭矩TS由于车辆1的驱动特性而低于预定值时,第一力F1可以施加。
上面指定的部件和特征可以在本发明的框架内在指定的不同实施方式之间结合。
Claims (10)
1.一种控制变速箱(8)中的联接装置(2)的方法,包括:
联接套筒(24),其在第一与第二位置之间轴向可位移;
第一和第二可旋转元件(26,28),其借助于联接套筒(24)能够连接到彼此和从彼此断开;
第一动力源(14),其连接到第一可旋转元件(26);
第二动力源(16),其连接到第二可旋转元件(28);
第一接合构件(29),其布置在第一可旋转元件(26)上;
第二接合构件(31),其布置在第二可旋转元件(28)上;
第三接合构件(33),其布置在联接套筒(24)上;
第一和第二接合构件(29,31)配置成经由布置在联接套筒(24)上的第三接合构件(33)在第一与第二可旋转元件(26,28)之间传递扭矩(TS),并且第一和第二接合构件(29,31)配置成允许第三接合构件(33)沿着第一和第二接合构件(29,31)的轴向位移,其特征在于以下步骤:
a)通过沿从第一位置到第二位置的方向在联接套筒(24)上施加第一力(F1)来将联接套筒(24)移动到第二位置,所述第一力克服沿从第二位置到第一位置的方向作用在联接套筒(24)上的弹簧力(FS);
b)当联接套筒(24)处于第二位置时,并且当作用在联接套筒(24)上的反作用力(FR)克服作用在联接套筒(24)上的弹簧力(FS)时,解除联接套筒(24)上的第一力(F1),所述反作用力(FR)是通过布置在联接套筒(24)上的第三接合构件(33)传递的扭矩(TS)的结果;
c)在联接套筒(24)正离开第二位置的情况下,沿从第一位置到第二位置的方向在联接套筒(24)上施加第一力(F1);以及
d)借助于第二动力源(16)减小通过联接套筒(24)传递的扭矩(TS)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括以下步骤:
e)借助于第一和/或第二动力源增加通过联接套筒(24)传递的扭矩(TS)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括以下步骤:
f)当联接套筒(24)处于第二位置时返回步骤b)。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤b)之前还包括以下步骤:
g)借助于位置检测器元件(91)检测联接套筒(24)的轴向位置。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤d)只有当第一力(F1)施加在联接套筒(24)上时联接套筒(24)不到达第二位置的情况下才执行。
6.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,第一、第二和第三接合构件(29,31,33)是花键元件,所述花键元件在联接套筒(24)与第一和第二可旋转元件(26,28)之间形成花键连接(34)。
7.一种联接装置(2),其特征在于,联接装置(2)通过根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法控制。
8.一种变速箱(8),其特征在于,变速箱(8)包括根据权利要求7的联接装置(2)。
9.一种车辆(1),其特征在于,车辆(1)包括根据权利要求8的变速箱(8)。
10.一种计算机可读介质,包括存储在其中的用于控制变速箱(8)中的换挡的计算机程序(P),其中所述计算机程序(P)包括用于使电子控制单元(88)或连接到电子控制单元(88)的另一计算机(72)执行根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的步骤的程序代码。
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SE1650584-4 | 2016-04-29 | ||
SE1650584A SE540452C2 (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2016-04-29 | A Method of Controlling a Coupling Arrangement in a Gearbox |
PCT/SE2017/050392 WO2017188879A1 (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2017-04-21 | A method of controlling a coupling arrangement in a gearbox |
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CN109072987A CN109072987A (zh) | 2018-12-21 |
CN109072987B true CN109072987B (zh) | 2020-04-07 |
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EP (1) | EP3449144B1 (zh) |
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CN (1) | CN109072987B (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112018070885A2 (zh) |
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EP3449144A1 (en) | 2019-03-06 |
KR102206579B1 (ko) | 2021-01-25 |
EP3449144A4 (en) | 2020-01-29 |
SE1650584A1 (en) | 2017-10-30 |
KR20180137526A (ko) | 2018-12-27 |
CN109072987A (zh) | 2018-12-21 |
US10828976B2 (en) | 2020-11-10 |
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US20190210448A1 (en) | 2019-07-11 |
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