CN109072947B - 用于机动车辆的液压的切换设施 - Google Patents

用于机动车辆的液压的切换设施 Download PDF

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CN109072947B
CN109072947B CN201780007007.8A CN201780007007A CN109072947B CN 109072947 B CN109072947 B CN 109072947B CN 201780007007 A CN201780007007 A CN 201780007007A CN 109072947 B CN109072947 B CN 109072947B
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switching
valve
hydraulic
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accumulator
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CN109072947A (zh
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马克斯·舍费尔
沃尔夫冈·克里斯特根
福尔克尔·施密特
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Schaeffler Holding China Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/26—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms
    • F16H61/28—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms with at least one movement of the final actuating mechanism being caused by a non-mechanical force, e.g. power-assisted
    • F16H61/30—Hydraulic or pneumatic motors or related fluid control means therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B1/00—Installations or systems with accumulators; Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
    • F15B1/02—Installations or systems with accumulators
    • F15B1/024—Installations or systems with accumulators used as a supplementary power source, e.g. to store energy in idle periods to balance pump load
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/04—Smoothing ratio shift
    • F16H61/06—Smoothing ratio shift by controlling rate of change of fluid pressure
    • F16H61/065—Smoothing ratio shift by controlling rate of change of fluid pressure using fluid control means
    • F16H61/067—Smoothing ratio shift by controlling rate of change of fluid pressure using fluid control means using an accumulator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15B21/00—Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
    • F15B21/04—Special measures taken in connection with the properties of the fluid
    • F15B21/041—Removal or measurement of solid or liquid contamination, e.g. filtering
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15B21/00—Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
    • F15B21/04—Special measures taken in connection with the properties of the fluid
    • F15B21/042—Controlling the temperature of the fluid
    • F15B21/0423—Cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/21—Systems with pressure sources other than pumps, e.g. with a pyrotechnical charge
    • F15B2211/212—Systems with pressure sources other than pumps, e.g. with a pyrotechnical charge the pressure sources being accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/305—Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/30505—Non-return valves, i.e. check valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/305—Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/30525—Directional control valves, e.g. 4/3-directional control valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40—Flow control
    • F15B2211/405—Flow control characterised by the type of flow control means or valve
    • F15B2211/40507—Flow control characterised by the type of flow control means or valve with constant throttles or orifices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40—Flow control
    • F15B2211/415—Flow control characterised by the connections of the flow control means in the circuit
    • F15B2211/41563—Flow control characterised by the connections of the flow control means in the circuit being connected to a pressure source and a return line
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50—Pressure control
    • F15B2211/505—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50509—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50545—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means using braking valves to maintain a back pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50—Pressure control
    • F15B2211/515—Pressure control characterised by the connections of the pressure control means in the circuit
    • F15B2211/5156—Pressure control characterised by the connections of the pressure control means in the circuit being connected to a return line and a directional control valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/705—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor characterised by the type of output members or actuators
    • F15B2211/7051—Linear output members
    • F15B2211/7052—Single-acting output members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/26—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms
    • F16H61/28—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms with at least one movement of the final actuating mechanism being caused by a non-mechanical force, e.g. power-assisted
    • F16H61/30—Hydraulic or pneumatic motors or related fluid control means therefor
    • F16H2061/305—Accumulators for fluid supply to the servo motors, or control thereof

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车辆的液压的切换设施，包括液压泵(1)，该液压泵将来自池(2)的液压介质经由液压管路(3)并且至少经由带有能磁性地操纵的切换阀(5)的磁阀组件(4)输送给切换元件(6)，以便在两个切换位置之间液压地操纵该切换元件(6)。按照本发明，蓄压器(7)和第一止回阀(8a)在切换阀(5)的上游布置在输送管路(3a)中，以便实现对切换元件(6)的可靠的、暂时的油压供应。

Description

用于机动车辆的液压的切换设施
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车辆的液压的切换设施，其包括液压泵，该液压泵将来自池的液压介质经由液压管路以及至少经由带有能磁性操纵的切换阀的磁阀组件输送给切换元件，以便在两个切换位置之间液压地操纵该切换元件。
本发明尤其涉及机动车辆发动机应用中的液压的切换设施，其中，设置有来自发动机的油底壳的发动机油作为液压介质。
背景技术
通常已知用于驱控能两级式切换的发动机元件的切换阀。在此，在发动机油回路中存在的油压用于优选借助3/2换向切换阀来操纵能切换的发动机元件的锁止机构。相应于储存在发动机控制器中的特性曲线簇，根据如转速、发动机负荷、车速、运行温度等各种参数来对换向切换阀进行驱控。切换阀通常直接安装在气缸头中并整合到油回路中，其中，切换阀由电磁体和液压部分组成。在对切换阀通电时，油从油泵流向能切换的发动机元件并且对能切换的发动机元件的锁止机构进行切换。在切换阀未被通电时，从油泵到切换元件的通道关闭并且油经由旁路穿过切换通道地以很小的压力流回到油槽，其中，锁止机构被切换回到其初始位置。切换时间取决于切换阀的机械构造并且取决于液压回路的设计。
缺陷在于，在发动机停止运行时，在发动机回路中的油压下降，从而能切换的发动机元件不再能被驱控。此外，系统还具有在油压波动方面的高敏感性。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，扩展本文开头所提到的类型的液压的切换设施，并且尤其是避免之前提到的缺陷。
按照本发明，蓄压器和第一止回阀在切换阀的上游布置在输送管路中，以便实现对切换元件的可靠的、暂时的油压供应。换句话说，蓄压器在切换阀的关闭的切换位置时以液压的压力介质加载。切换阀的打开基于止回阀而促成以来自蓄压器的液压压力介质加载切换元件。因此切换元件可以独立于液压泵的运行地，尤其在机动车辆的发动机停止运行时被操纵。此外，在液压管路中的压力波动不对操纵切换元件有任何影响。蓄压器在紧挨着切换阀布置时达到最高效率。此外，切换阀既可以通过液压压力也可以借助弹簧复位。
蓄压器和第一止回阀优选整合在磁阀组件中。因此磁阀组件尤其设置用于加装在切换设施上。
按照各优选的实施例，蓄压器被构造成隔膜式蓄能器、皮囊式蓄能器或活塞式蓄能器。蓄压器优选要么具有气动的弹簧，要么具有机械的弹簧。
本发明包含了这样的技术教导，即，节流阀在第一止回阀的上游布置在旁通管路中，以便通过切换阀的通往池的复位管路(Absteuerleitung)实现对液压管路的冲洗。尤其通过节流阀向后冲洗切换通道(Schaltgallerie)。
优选在节流阀的下游布置有第二止回阀。该止回阀防止了液压介质在切换阀打开时的通流。
旁通管路优选整合在磁阀组件中。旁通管路尤其是要么建立与复位管路的直接的流体连接，要么通过切换阀建立间接的流体连接。
此外，第一限压阀优选布置在切换阀的复位管路中，以便在冲洗液压管路时调整压力。此外，优选地，第二限压阀在液压泵的下游布置在通往池的减荷管路中。超过预先确定的压力水平的压力上升因此打开了相应的限压阀并且实现了液压介质回流到池中。
尤其在液压泵的下游设置有用于对油进行清洁的过滤装置。按照一种有利的实施方式，在液压泵的下游设置有用于对油进行冷却的冷却装置。
附图说明
接下来和对本发明的三个优选的实施例的说明一起借助附图详细阐述其它改良本发明的措施。附图中：
图1是用于解释按照第一种实施例的按本发明的液压的切换设施的结构的示意性视图；
图2是用于解释按照第二种实施例的按本发明的液压的切换设施的结构的示意性视图；以及
图3是用于解释按照第三种实施例的按本发明的液压的切换设施的结构的示意性视图。
具体实施方式
按照图1、2和3，用于在此未示出的机动车辆的按本发明的液压的切换设施具有液压泵1，该液压泵通过液压管路3输送来自池2的液压介质。液压介质尤其是机动车辆的发动机油。发动机油经由液压泵1穿过用于清洁发动机油的过滤装置11和用于冷却发动机油的冷却装置12地输送给磁阀组件4。限压阀10b在液压泵1的下游和过滤装置11的上游布置在通往池2的减荷管路3d中。在超过在泵1和过滤装置11之间的管路区域中的经预调整的油压时，限压阀10b打开并且通过减荷管路3d使发动机油引回到池2中。
磁阀组件4具有能磁性地操纵的切换阀5，该切换阀构造成3/2换向切换阀。在切换阀5的输送管路3a中布置着第一止回阀8a。在第一止回阀8a和切换阀5之间布置着蓄压器7。蓄压器7经由切换阀5的输送管路3a在流体技术上与切换阀5连接。此外，蓄压器7和第一止回阀8a整合在磁阀组件4中。切换阀5通过工作管路3e与切换元件6连接，以便在两个切换位置之间液压地操纵切换元件6。
切换阀5具有第一和第二切换位置13a、13b，其中，在切换阀5的第一切换位置13a中，阻断发动机油至切换元件6的通流，并且切换元件6因此未被液压地操纵。在磁性操纵切换阀5时，通过切换阀5建立蓄压器7和切换元件6之间的流体技术上的连接，以便实现对切换元件的可靠的、暂时的油压供应。
按照图1，蓄压器7构造为隔膜式蓄能器7a。节流阀9在第一止回阀8a的上游布置在旁通管路3b中，以便经由通往切换阀5的池2的复位管路3c实现对液压管路3的冲洗。限压阀10a布置在切换阀5的复位管路3c中，以便在冲洗液压管路3时调整压力。在切换阀5的所示出的第一切换位置13a中进行对液压管路3的冲洗以及特别是也进行对切换通道的冲洗。此外，第二止回阀8b在节流阀9的下游布置在旁通管路3b中。第二止回阀8b设置用于，经由节流阀9在操纵切换元件6期间通过处在第二切换位置13b中的切换阀5避免泄漏。
按照图2，蓄压器7构造为皮囊式蓄能器7b。与图1的实施例相反，旁通管路3b在按图2的实施例中整合在磁阀组件4中。因此节流阀9和第二止回阀8b同样处在磁阀组件4中。布置在复位管路3c中的限压阀10a调整在冲洗液压管路3时的液压压力。
按照图3，蓄压器7构造为活塞式蓄能器7c。旁通管路3c与按第一种和第二种实施例的各旁通管路3b相反地直接联接在通往池2的复位管路3c上。在旁通管路3b中布置着用于冲洗液压管路3的节流阀9。在冲洗液压管路3时的压力经由在复位管路3c中的第一限压阀10a来调整。
附图标记列表
1 泵
2 池
3 管路
3a 输送管路
3b 旁通管路
3c 复位管路
3d 减荷管路
3e 工作管路
4 磁阀组件
5 切换阀
6 切换元件
7 蓄压器
7a 隔膜式蓄能器
7b 皮囊式蓄能器
7c 活塞式蓄能器
8a、8b 止回阀
9 节流阀
10a、10b 限压阀
11 过滤装置
12 冷却装置
13a、13b 切换位置

Claims (9)

1.用于机动车辆的液压的切换设施，其包括液压泵(1)，所述液压泵将来自池(2)的液压介质经由液压管路(3)并且至少经由带有能磁性地操纵的切换阀(5)的磁阀组件(4)输送给切换元件(6)，以便在两个切换位置之间液压地操纵切换元件(6)，其特征在于，蓄压器(7)和第一止回阀(8a)在切换阀(5)的上游布置在输送管路(3a)中，以便实现对切换元件(6)的可靠的、暂时的油压供应，节流阀(9)在第一止回阀(8a)的上游布置在旁通管路(3b)中，以便经由所述切换阀(5)的通往所述池(2)的复位管路(3c)实现对液压管路(3)的冲洗。
2.按照权利要求1所述的切换设施，其特征在于，所述蓄压器(7)和所述第一止回阀(8a)整合在所述磁阀组件(4)中。
3.按照权利要求1所述的切换设施，其特征在于，所述蓄压器(7)构造为隔膜式蓄能器(7a)、皮囊式蓄能器(7b)或活塞式蓄能器(7c)。
4.按照权利要求1所述的切换设施，其特征在于，第二止回阀(8b)在所述节流阀(9)的下游布置在所述旁通管路(3b)中。
5.按照权利要求1或4所述的切换设施，其特征在于，所述旁通管路(3b)整合在所述磁阀组件(4)中。
6.按照权利要求1所述的切换设施，其特征在于，第一限压阀(10a)布置在所述切换阀(5)的复位管路(3c)中，以便在冲洗所述液压管路(3)时调整压力。
7.按照权利要求1所述的切换设施，其特征在于，第二限压阀(10b)在所述液压泵(1)的下游布置在通往所述池(2)的减荷管路(3d)中。
8.按照权利要求1所述的切换设施，其特征在于，在所述液压泵(1)的下游设置有用于对油进行清洁的过滤装置(11)。
9.按照权利要求1所述的切换设施，其特征在于，在所述液压泵(1)的下游设置有用于对油进行冷却的冷却装置(12)。
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