CN109072796A - 排气净化系统 - Google Patents

排气净化系统 Download PDF

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CN109072796A
CN109072796A CN201780028727.2A CN201780028727A CN109072796A CN 109072796 A CN109072796 A CN 109072796A CN 201780028727 A CN201780028727 A CN 201780028727A CN 109072796 A CN109072796 A CN 109072796A
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长冈大治
坂本隆行
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Isuzu Motors Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
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    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
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    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
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    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/18Circuit arrangements for generating control signals by measuring intake air flow
    • F02D41/182Circuit arrangements for generating control signals by measuring intake air flow for the control of a fuel injection device
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    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/2406Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
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    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
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    • F01N2900/00Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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    • F01N2900/00Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/14Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
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    • F01N2900/00Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
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Abstract

控制装置(12)制作稀燃状态下的柴油引擎(1)的扭矩值下的、表示吸入空气量的变化率与燃料喷射装置(8)的主喷射量的变化量及主喷射定时的变化量的关系的扭矩修正表,用MAF传感器(11)对浓燃状态下的吸入空气量进行测定,算出被测定的吸入空气量相对于稀燃状态下的吸入空气量的变化率,基于该被算出的变化率和扭矩修正表来求得燃料喷射装置(8)的主喷射量的修正值及主喷射定时的修正值,并以按这些修正值修正后的主喷射量及主喷射定时来实施浓燃状态下的燃料的喷射。

Description

排气净化系统
技术领域
本公开涉及排气净化系统,更详细而言,涉及在使用了NOx吸收还原催化剂的排气净化系统中,抑制浓燃还原时的引擎扭矩的波动等的排气净化系统。
背景技术
在柴油引擎中,需要除去排气中所含有的颗粒状物质(PM)或氮氧化物(NOx)等有害物质的排气净化系统。针对后者即NOx,NOx吸收还原催化剂备受瞩目。使用了NOx吸收还原催化剂的排气净化系统在排气的空燃比为稀燃状态时,暂且使NOx吸收物质吸收NOx,并通过将排气切换为浓燃状态,从而使被吸收的NOx脱离,并且利用三元功能来对其进行还原以净化排气。
已知在从稀燃状态切换到浓燃状态时,会产生因进气系统与燃料系统之间的响应延迟等导致的引擎的扭矩波动、排气的组分恶化或燃烧声音变化(例如,参照专利文献1)。因此,以往进行了如下控制:针对空气系统的目标空气过剩率(目标λ)和最终目标λ,分别决定吸入空气量和燃料喷射量,并进行切换。此时,在稀燃状态与浓燃状态之间,根据吸入空气量而使燃料的喷射量或喷射定时连续地发生变化。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2006-299952号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
然而,因为上述控制仅以切换时为对象,所以难以抑制因浓燃状态(浓燃还原时)中的吸入空气量的波动而导致的引擎的扭矩波动等。
本公开的使用了NOx吸收还原催化剂的排气净化系统会抑制浓燃还原时的引擎扭矩的波动、排气的组分恶化、以及燃烧声音的变化。
用于解决课题的手段
本公开的排气净化系统包括:NOx吸收还原催化剂,其在流动到引擎的排气通道的排气为稀燃状态时吸收NOx,在浓燃状态时还原上述被吸收的NOx;燃料喷射装置,其向上述引擎的汽缸喷射燃料;MAF传感器,其被设置在上述引擎的进气通道上;以及控制装置;并且在该排气净化系统中,上述控制装置被构成为进行如下控制:在存在燃料过量供给(richspike)的请求时,将上述排气从稀燃状态切换到浓燃状态,制作稀燃状态下的上述引擎的扭矩值下的、表示吸入空气量的变化率与上述燃料喷射装置的主喷射量的变化量及主喷射定时的变化量的关系的扭矩修正表,用上述MAF传感器对浓燃状态下的吸入空气量进行测定,算出上述被测定的吸入空气量相对于稀燃状态下的吸入空气量的变化率,基于上述算出的变化率和上述扭矩修正表来分别求得上述燃料喷射装置的主喷射量的修正值及主喷射定时的修正值,并以按上述修正值分别修正后的主喷射量及主喷射定时来实施浓燃状态下的燃料的喷射。
发明效果
根据本公开的排气净化系统,因为根据浓燃状态下的吸入空气量的波动而分别修正了燃料的主喷射量及主喷射定时,使得柴油引擎的扭矩被维持在稀燃状态下的扭矩值,所以能够抑制浓燃还原时的引擎扭矩的波动、排气的组分恶化、以及燃烧声音的变化。
附图说明
图1是由本公开的实施方式构成的排气净化系统的构成图。
图2是说明控制装置的功能的流程图。
图3是扭矩修正表的例子。
图4是扭矩设定表的例子。
图5是说明控制装置的功能的另一个例子的流程图。
图6是表示本实施例中的主要参数的变化的图。
图7是表示表示现有例中的主要参数的变化的图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图说明本公开的实施方式。图1表示由本公开的实施方式构成的排气净化系统。
该排气净化系统具有:大径的催化转化器3,其被设置在柴油引擎1的排气通道2中;以及喷射喷嘴4,其为被设置在该催化转化器4的上游侧的排气通道2中的燃料添加部件。另外,作为燃料添加部件,也能够不使用喷射喷嘴4,而是使用柴油引擎1的向汽缸5的燃料喷射中的后喷射。
在催化转化器3内,容纳有NOx吸收还原催化剂6(以下,称为“LNT(Lean NOx Trap:稀燃NOx捕集)催化剂”)。LNT催化剂6是通过使由γ氧化铝等形成的整体式蜂窝(monolithic honeycomb)的巢室(cell)的载体的表面承载催化剂金属及NOx吸收物质从而形成的。作为催化剂金属,使用Pt或Pd。此外,作为NOx吸收物质,使用K、Na、Li、Cs等碱金属或Ba、Ca等碱土金属中的任何一个,或者将其中多个组合使用。
在柴油引擎1中,通过进气通道7供给的空气A在与通过作为燃料喷射装置8的共轨(common rail)9及喷射器10而喷射到汽缸5内的燃料进行混合并燃烧后,成为排气G而被向排气通道2排出,并向催化转化器3内的LNT催化剂6流入。此外,在进气通道7上,设置有对吸入空气量进行测定的MAF(Mass Flow Sensor:质量流量传感器)传感器11。
上述的喷射喷嘴4、燃料喷射装置8、以及MAF传感器11通过信号线(以单点划线表示)而被连接在控制装置12上。
以下,基于图2,说明这种排气净化系统中的控制装置12的功能。
控制装置12确认有无燃料过量供给的请求(S10),在存在该请求时,将流入到LNT催化剂6的排气G从稀燃状态切换到浓燃状态(S20)。在从该稀燃状态切换到浓燃状态时,对进气节气门或EGR阀(未图示)进行开度调整来使实际吸入空气量与目标吸入空气量一致,追加燃料的主喷射量并使主喷射定时提前,并且利用喷射喷嘴4来添加燃料。另外,在此,所谓“主喷射”,是指被提供给汽缸5内的燃烧的燃料的喷射。
接着控制装置12制作柴油引擎1的目标扭矩值T下的、表示吸入空气量的变化率与燃料喷射装置8中的燃料的主喷射量的变化量及主喷射定时的变化量的关系的扭矩修正表(S30)。作为该目标扭矩值T,选择即将切换到浓燃状态前的稀燃状态下的扭矩值。
在图3中,示出扭矩修正表的例子。在该例子中,在吸入空气量的变化率为正的情况下,减少主喷射量并使主喷射定时提前。另一方面,在吸入空气量的变化率为负的情况下,增加主喷射量并使主喷射定时提前。该扭矩修正表能够基于扭矩设定表来制作,该扭矩设定表如图4例示的那样,分别表示浓燃状态时被以一定条件运转的柴油引擎1的转速及扭矩与吸入空气量、主喷射量、以及主喷射定时的关系,并预先通过实验等被设定。
接着,控制装置12用MAF传感器11来取得浓燃状态下的吸入空气量的测定值a(S40),并算出测定值a相对于稀燃状态下的目标吸入空气量d的变化率(S50)。作为该目标吸入空气量d,选择即将切换到浓燃状态前的吸入空气量。
接着,控制装置12基于被算出的变化率和扭矩修正表来分别求得主喷射量的修正量及主喷射定时的修正量(S60)。
然后,控制装置12利用燃料喷射装置8来实施按上述修正量修正后的主喷射量q及主喷射定时t下的燃料的喷射(S70)。
控制装置12在浓燃状态中反复进行上述步骤40~70。
如此,因为根据浓燃状态下的吸入空气量的波动而对燃料的主喷射量及主喷射定时分别进行了修正,使得柴油引擎1的扭矩被维持在稀燃状态下的扭矩值T,所以能够抑制浓燃还原时的引擎扭矩的波动、排气G的组分恶化、以及燃烧声音的变化。
以下,基于图5说明排气净化系统中的控制装置12的功能的另一个例子。另外,针对步骤10~70,因其与图2处理内容相同,故而省去详细说明。
控制装置12在步骤70之后,根据在步骤40中取得的测定值a和在步骤70中被修正后的主喷射量q,利用下面的(1)式,算出浓燃状态下的空气过剩率的推定值(推定λ)(S80)。
推定λ=a/q÷X---(1)
另外,X表示理论空燃比,例如使用14.5这一值。
接着,控制装置12算出推定λ相对预先被设定的目标空气过剩率(目标λ)之比R(=推定λ/目标λ)(S90)。
接着,控制装置12根据被算出的比R和预先被设定的燃料喷射装置8与喷射喷嘴4之间的燃料的供给比Y,利用下面的(2)式,算出使推定λ成为目标λ所需的、由喷射喷嘴4添加燃料的添加量的变化率Z(S100)。该燃料的供给比Y为从稀燃状态切换到浓燃状态时的燃料的主喷射量的追加部分与喷射喷嘴4所添加的燃料的添加量之比,是预先通过实验等来决定的。
Z=Y/R---(2)
然后,控制装置12利用喷射喷嘴4,实施按变化率Z修正后的添加量下的燃料的添加(S110)。例如,在a=14.5,q=1.0,Y=0.5:0.5,目标λ=1的情况下,在吸入空气量减少了5%时,因为变成推定λ=0.95,Z=1.05,所以要使来自喷射喷嘴4的燃料的添加量增加5%。
控制装置12在浓燃状态中反复进行上述步骤40~110。
另外,上述步骤80~110也能够不应用于喷射喷嘴4,而是应用于远后喷射。
如此,因为根据浓燃状态下的吸入空气量的波动而对燃料向排气通道2的添加量进行了修正,使得排气G的空气过剩率成为预先被设定的目标λ,所以汽缸5内的燃料的燃烧变得良好,因此,能够提高抑制引擎扭矩的波动、排气的组分恶化及燃烧声音的变化的效果。
(本实施例)
以图1所示的排气净化系统为对象,将实施了本公开的情况(本实施例)和实施了现有的控制方法的情况(现有例)下的、与吸入空气量的实际值的波动对应的主要的参数变化在图6、图7中分别示出。
根据对图6、图7这两图的比较,在本实施例中,因为根据吸入空气量的实际值的波动,对主喷射量及主喷射定时进行了修正,所以可知,柴油引擎1的扭矩的波动及排气G的组分恶化较现有例而言,更加受到抑制。
本申请基于2016年5月11日申请的日本专利申请(特愿2016-095144),并将其内容作为参照援引于此。
工业可利用性
根据本公开的排气净化系统,能够抑制浓燃还原时的引擎扭矩的波动、排气的组分恶化及燃烧声音的变化。
附图标记说明
1 柴油引擎
2 排气通道
3 催化转化器
4 喷射喷嘴
5 汽缸
6 LNT催化剂
7 进气通道
8 燃料喷射装置
9 共轨
10 喷射器
11 MAF传感器
12 控制装置

Claims (2)

1.一种排气净化系统,其包括:
NOx吸收还原催化剂,其在流入到引擎的排气通道的排气为稀燃状态时吸收NOx,在浓燃状态时对上述被吸收的NOx进行还原,
燃料喷射装置,其向上述引擎的汽缸喷射燃料,
MAF传感器,其被设置在上述引擎的进气通道上,
以及控制装置;
在该排气净化系统中,上述控制装置被构成为进行如下控制:
在存在燃料过量供给的请求时,
将上述排气从稀燃状态切换到浓燃状态,
制作扭矩修正表,该扭矩修正表表示稀燃状态下的上述引擎的扭矩值下的、吸入空气量的变化率与上述燃料喷射装置的主喷射量的变化量及主喷射定时的变化量的关系,
利用上述MAF传感器来对浓燃状态下的吸入空气量进行测定,
算出上述被测定的吸入空气量相对于稀燃状态下的吸入空气量的变化率,
基于上述被算出的变化率和上述扭矩修正表,分别求得上述燃料喷射装置的主喷射量的修正值及主喷射定时的修正值,
以按上述修正值分别修正后的主喷射量及主喷射定时来实施浓燃状态下的燃料的喷射。
2.如权利要求1所述的排气净化系统,其中,
包括将燃料添加到上述排气通道中的燃料添加部件;
上述控制装置被构成为进行如下控制:
根据上述被测定的吸入空气量和上述被修正后的主喷射量来推定浓燃状态下的空气过剩率,
算出上述被推定出的空气过剩率相对预先被设定的目标空气过剩率之比,
基于上述被算出的空气过剩率之比,算出由上述燃料添加部件对燃料的添加量的变化率,
以按上述变化率修正后的添加量来实施浓燃状态下的燃料的添加。
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