CN109068636A - 耐水灭虫片及制造方法 - Google Patents

耐水灭虫片及制造方法 Download PDF

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CN109068636A
CN109068636A CN201680053027.4A CN201680053027A CN109068636A CN 109068636 A CN109068636 A CN 109068636A CN 201680053027 A CN201680053027 A CN 201680053027A CN 109068636 A CN109068636 A CN 109068636A
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carrier layer
layer
anthelmintic tablet
anthelmintic
ridge
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CN109068636B (zh
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陈东霖
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Abstract

本文涉及一种灭虫片及制造方法。灭虫片包括其中形成有活性杀虫颗粒的载体层。活性杀虫颗粒包含选自拟除虫菊酯族等的杀虫成分。拟除虫菊酯可以在植物提取物后生产和制备。载体层具有在其中形成的通道。通道在一个或多个杀虫颗粒与第一和第二表面中的至少一个之间形成一个或多个路径，以允许活性杀虫成分从杀虫颗粒扩散到载体层的第一和第二表面中的至少一个。当害虫移动以接触到灭虫片时，杀虫成分与害虫的内膜蛋白产生反应，阻碍神经细胞及其相关功能，最终在短时间内终止神经细胞的功能并且杀死害虫。

Description

耐水灭虫片及制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及害虫防控，特别涉及一种灭虫片和一种制造灭虫片的方法。
背景技术
害虫在人类生活中无处不在。臭虫和尘螨往往在不知不觉中被带入卧室、旅馆和宿舍等。这类和其他类型的害虫引起瘙痒、疼痛、过敏和呼吸综合症。苍蝇、蚊子、蚂蚁和蟑螂则污染环境，且通过厨具、餐具、食物等传播细菌和病毒，对人体健康造成不利影响。其他害虫侵袭食品储藏、收藏品和木制品，造成无法弥补的损失。消灭上述害虫的传统方法是施用杀虫剂喷雾剂或杀虫药物。
杀虫剂喷剂的使用寿命有限，需要反复使用，对环境造成持续污染。大量并且频繁使用的杀虫剂毒性强，如果在监管不力的情况下使用，会构成威胁，特别是对儿童和宠物。
传统方法进一步受到使用区域的限制。例如，杀虫剂难以施用及保留在垂直或目标表面上，或保持在安全的位置上。因此，需要一种有效、方便及安全消灭昆虫的解决方案。
发明内容
本发明的实施例提供了能够方便地附接于期望位置的用于灭除害虫的灭虫片。本发明的实施例还提供了一种制造灭虫片的方法。
在一个实施方案中，灭虫片包括其中封装有活性杀虫颗粒的载体层。活性杀虫颗粒包含选自拟除虫菊酯(pyrethroid)族等的杀虫成分。拟除虫菊酯可由植物提取物生产和制备。载体层具有在其中形成的通道。通道在一个或多个杀虫颗粒与第一和第二表面中的至少一个之间形成一个或多个路径，以允许活性杀虫成分从杀虫颗粒扩散到载体的第一和第二表面中的至少一个。当害虫移动接触到灭虫片时，杀虫成分与害虫的内膜蛋白产生反应，阻碍其神经细胞及相关功能，最终在短时间内终止神经细胞的功能并杀死害虫。
活性杀虫剂成分可以包括活性拟除虫菊酯化合物，例如溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin)或氯氰菊酯(cypermethrin)。载体可以是聚合物介质如聚乙烯材料。载体层可以包含抗紫外线化合物和抗氧化剂化合物。
通道的横截面尺寸适于允许从杀虫颗粒扩散的活性杀虫成分的内容物通过并到达载体层的顶部/底部表面，并适于防止诸如水的液体内容物进入通道并且接触杀虫颗粒。这样，灭虫片是耐水的，可以用于室内和室外的环境。
根据另一个实施例，灭虫片可以进一步包括附接于载体层的第二表面的基层、附接于基层的握持层和附接于握持层的支撑层。握持层具有被支撑层覆盖的粘合表面，并且支撑层可从握持层上分离以暴露粘合表面。
在另一个实施例中，载体层包括从载体层的第二表面向外延伸的脊。在另一个实施例中，载体层包括从载体层的第二表面向外延伸的突起。
在制造灭虫片的方法中，制备杀虫材料粒料和聚合物材料粒料并将其混合在一起以形成混合物。将混合物在热挤压机中进行吹塑，以形成载体层，在载体层中将杀虫材料粒料转化为杀虫颗粒并均匀分布在载体层中。在载体层中形成通道，在杀虫颗粒与载体层的顶部和/或底部表面之间形成路径。可以制备抗紫外线化合物、抗氧化剂化合物、流变改性剂、润滑剂和LLDPE，并将其与杀虫材料粒料和聚合物材料粒料混合。
当害虫与灭虫片接触时，从载体层扩散的杀虫成分与害虫的内膜蛋白产生反应，阻碍神经细胞及其相关功能，最终在短时间内终止神经细胞的功能并杀死害虫。
灭虫片可以集成或应用于墙壁、柱子、餐厅家具、垫子、床垫、宠物床上用品等。由此产生的产品是安全的，同时提供有效预防和消灭害虫。
本发明的其它方面和优点将从以下详细描述中变得显而易见，所述详细描述以示例的方式示出本发明的发明构思和技术方案。
附图说明
下面参考附图公开本发明的实施例，其中：
图1是根据本发明第一实施例的当用于灭虫的灭虫片的等轴视图。
图2是图1的局部放大图；
图3是图2沿着A-A的横截面图；
图4是根据本发明第二实施例的灭虫片的等轴视图。
图5是图4沿着B-B的横截面图。
图6是图5的分解透视图。
图7是图5的局部放大图。
图8是根据本发明第三实施例的灭虫片的透视图。
图9是图8沿C-C的横截面图；
图10A、图10B、图10C和图10D是图8所示的灭虫片的各种替换结构的平面图。
图11是图8的局部放大横截面图。
图12是根据本发明第四实施例的灭虫片的透视图。
图13是图12的局部放大横截面图。
图14是根据本发明实施例的用于制造灭虫片的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
如图1至图3所示，根据本发明的第一实施例的灭虫片1包括载体层10、分布在载体层10中的杀虫颗粒13和形成在载体层10中的通道15。载体层10可以由诸如聚乙的聚合物材料11制成，具有分布在载体层10内的杀虫颗粒13。载体层10通常为片状，具有第一表面，例如顶表面17，和第二表面，例如底表面19。通道15形成将一个或多个杀虫颗粒13连接到顶表面17和/或底表面19的路径。
杀虫颗粒13可以含有拟除虫菊酯族的杀虫成分，诸如氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯等。通道15允许杀虫成分从杀虫颗粒13扩散到载体层10的顶表面17和/或底表面19。因此，杀虫成分从杀虫颗粒13连续地释放，沿着方向81、83通过通道15，以存在于载体层10的顶表面17和底表面19处。当害虫与灭虫片1接触时，例如其爬到顶表面17上，载体层10的顶表面和/或底表面19上或附近的杀虫成分与害虫的内膜蛋白产生反应，阻碍害虫的神经细胞和相关功能，最终在短时间内杀死害虫。
另外，杀虫成分不容易粘附在哺乳动物的皮肤上。在被哺乳动物吸入或摄入哺乳动物体内的情况下，杀虫成分将迅速被代谢并降解成无毒的副产物和代谢物，最终被排出体外。因此，杀虫成分对人体无毒无害，使灭虫片可被安全使用。
通道的横截面尺寸适于允许从杀虫颗粒扩散的活性杀虫成分的内容物通过并到达载体层的顶部/底部表面，并适于防止诸如水的液体内容物进入通道，并且接触杀虫颗粒。因此，灭虫片是耐水的，可以用于室内和室外的环境。
载体层10可以包括抗紫外线化合物和抗氧化剂化合物，以阻碍由于来自周围环境的氧化和/或紫外线辐射的可能影响而导致的载体层的降解。
根据第二实施例，如图5至图7所示，灭虫片2包括载体层20、分布在载体20中的杀虫颗粒213和形成在载体层20中的通道215。载体层20可以由诸如聚乙烯的聚合物材料211制成，具有分布在载体层20内的杀虫颗粒213。通道215形成将多个杀虫颗粒213中的至少一个连接到载体层210的顶表面217的路径。杀虫颗粒213可以包含拟除虫菊酯族的杀虫成分，诸如氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯等。
通道215允许杀虫成分从杀虫颗粒213扩散到载体层210的顶表面217。因此，杀虫成分连续地从杀虫颗粒中释放，沿着方向281穿过通道215而存在于载体层20的顶表面217处。当害虫与灭虫片2接触时，例如其爬到顶表面217上，杀虫成分与害虫的内膜蛋白产生反应，阻碍害虫的神经细胞及其相关功能，最终在短时间内杀死害虫。
灭虫片2包括附接于载体层20的基层21和附接于基层21的支撑层23。粘合层24设置在载体层20和基层21之间，以及握持层25设置在基层21和支撑层23之间。粘合层24用于将载体层20粘附于基层21。握持层25在附接于支撑层23的表面上具有粘合剂。
基层21比载体层20刚性相对更高，并且可以由诸如双轴定向聚丙烯(BOPP)的材料制成。基层21通过粘合层24粘附于载体层20。基层21用于保持灭虫片2的形状以防止灭虫片2塌陷或变形。
支撑层23用于提供针对于诸如握持层25表面上的粘合剂的粘性材料的释放效果。支撑层23在运输和存储灭虫片2期间保护握持层25，以防止一叠灭虫片彼此粘附。使用时，将支撑层23从握持层25剥离，以暴露握持层25的粘合表面，使得灭虫片2可方便地粘附在诸如墙壁上的预期位置。通过握持层25将灭虫片2附接于预期位置，使得灭虫片能够在不需要使用诸如钩、带或紧固件的附加固定硬件的情况下，被固定在位置处。
参照图8至图11，在第三实施例中，灭虫片3包括载体层310、分布在载体层310中的杀虫颗粒313和形成在载体层310中的通道315。载体层310通常为片状，具有顶表面317和底表面319。通道315形成将一个或多个杀虫颗粒313连接到顶表面317和/或底表面319的路径。
杀虫颗粒313可以包含拟除虫菊酯族的杀虫成分，诸如氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯等。通道315允许杀虫成分从杀虫颗粒313扩散到载体层310的顶表面317和/或底表面319。因此，杀虫成分从杀虫颗粒中连续地释放，沿着方向381、383通过通道315，存在于载体层310的顶表面317和底表面319。当害虫与灭虫片3接触时，例如其爬到顶表面317上，杀虫成分与害虫的内膜蛋白产生反应，阻碍害虫的神经细胞及其相关功能，最终在短时间内杀死害虫。
底表面319包括形成在其上的突起31。突起31可以呈以下多个脊的形式：垂直于载体层30的纵向侧边缘30a(图10A)取向的脊31a，相对于载体层30的纵向侧边缘30a倾斜取向(即具有0和90度之间的角度)的脊31b(图10B)，平行于载体层310的纵向侧边缘30a(图10C)的脊31c，或者形成交叉脊的网络30d(图10D)的垂直取向和平行取向的脊的组合(图10D)。在使用中，灭虫片3被铺设或附接于接触表面(例如桌面)的底表面319。脊31增加灭虫片3和放置表面之间的握持效果，将灭虫片3保持在预期位置。
参考图12和13，在第四个实施例中，灭虫片4包括载体层410、分布在载体层410中的杀虫颗粒413以及形成在载体层410中的通道415。载体层410通常为片状，具有顶表面417和底表面419。通道415形成将一个或多个杀虫颗粒413连接到顶部表面417和/或底部表面419的路径。
杀虫颗粒413可以包含拟除虫菊酯族的杀虫成分，诸如氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯等。通道415允许杀虫成分从杀虫颗粒413扩散到载体层410的顶表面417和/或底表面419上。因此，杀虫成分从杀虫颗粒连续地释放，沿着方向481、483通过通道415，存在于载体层410的顶表面417和底表面419处。当害虫与灭虫片4接触时，例如其爬到顶表面417上，杀虫成分与害虫的内膜蛋白产生反应，阻碍害虫的神经细胞及其相关功能，最终在短时间内杀死害虫。
底表面419包括形成在其上的突起41。突起41可以是从底表面419凸出的隆起形式。在使用中，灭虫片4被铺设或附接于接触例如桌面的表面的底表面419。突起41增加灭虫片3和放置表面之间的摩擦力，将灭虫片3保持在预期位置。
如图14所示，在制造根据上述实施例的灭虫片的方法500中，在步骤502和504中，制备杀虫材料粒料和聚合物材料粒料，例如线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)。在步骤506中，将杀虫材料粒料和聚合物材料粒料混合以形成混合物。在步骤508中，将混合物在热挤压机中吹塑以形成载体层。在吹塑过程中，杀虫材料粒料与聚合物粒料熔融并均匀地混合在一起，使载体层中的杀虫颗粒均匀分布，并于载体层中形成通道。可选地，可以在步骤503中制备抗紫外线材料粒料，并且将其与杀虫材料粒料和聚合物材粒料粒混合，并且装载到热挤出机中用于吹塑。所产生的载体层可以具有0.05毫米至0.8毫米的厚度。
为了形成根据上述第二实施例的灭虫片，在步骤510中将基层附接于载体层，并且在步骤512处将握持层附接于基层。此后，在步骤514中，将支撑层附接于握持层上。
为了形成根据上述第三实施例的灭虫片，在步骤508中形成的载体层在步骤520被进一步处理，以在载体层的第二侧上形成脊。为了形成根据上述第四实施例的灭虫片，在步骤530中形成的载体层在步骤530中被进一步处理，以在载体层的第二侧上形成突起。
应该理解的是，本发明的范围不受本文所述的具体实施方式的限制。根据前面的描述和附图，除本文所述的之外，本发明的各种修改对于本领域技术人员来说将是显而易见的。这样的修改旨在落入其中所附权利要求的范围内。

Claims (16)

1.一种灭虫片，包括：
载体层，所述载体层具有第一表面和第二表面、设置于所述载体层中的杀虫颗粒以及形成于所述载体层中的通道；
其中所述杀虫颗粒包含活性杀虫成分，以及
其中一个或多个所述通道在一个或多个杀虫颗粒与所述第一和所述第二表面中的至少一个之间形成一条或多条路径，以允许所述活性杀虫成分从所述杀虫颗粒扩散到所述载体层的所述第一和所述第二表面中的至少一个。
2.如权利要求1所述的灭虫片，其中，所述载体层包括抗紫外线化合物和抗氧化剂化合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的灭虫片，还包括附接于所述载体层的所述第二表面的基层，附接于所述基层的握持层和附接于所述握持层的支撑层，其中所述握持层具有被所述支撑层覆盖的粘合表面，并且其中所述支撑层可与所述握持层分离以暴露所述粘合表面。
4.根据权利要求3所述的灭虫片，其中，所述基层比所述载体层刚性相对更高。
5.根据权利要求1所述的灭虫片，其中，所述载体层包括从所述第二表面向外延伸的脊。
6.根据权利要求5所述的灭虫片，其中，所述脊的取向垂直于所述载体层的纵向侧边缘。
7.根据权利要求5所述的灭虫片，其中，所述脊的取向平行于所述载体层的纵向侧边缘。
8.根据权利要求5所述的灭虫片，其中，所述脊的取向倾斜于所述载体层的纵向侧边缘。
9.根据权利要求5所述的灭虫片，其中，所述脊包括形成交叉脊网络的垂直取向脊和平行取向脊的组合。
10.根据权利要求1所述的灭虫片，其中，所述载体层包括从所述第二表面向外延伸的突起。
11.根据权利要求1所述的灭虫片，其中，所述通道的横截面尺寸适于允许所述活性杀虫成分的内容物通过并到达所述载体层的顶表面和底表面，并且防止液体内容物进入通道并接触杀虫颗粒。
12.一种制造灭虫片的方法，包括：
制备杀虫材料粒料；
制备聚合物材料粒料；
将杀虫材料粒料和聚合物材料粒料混合以形成混合物；
吹塑混合物以形成载体层。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法，还包括制备抗紫外线和抗氧化剂材料粒料，以及将所述抗紫外线和抗氧化剂材料粒料与所述杀虫剂粒料和聚合物材料粒料混合，其中所述混合物包括抗紫外线和抗氧化剂材料粒料。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法，还包括将基层附接于所述载体层，将握持层附接于所述基层，以及将支撑层附接于所述握持层。
15.如权利要求12所述的方法，还包括在所述载体层的所述第二表面处形成脊。
16.如权利要求12所述的方法，还包括在所述载体层的所述第二表面处形成突起。
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