CN109054242A - 多孔石墨烯电磁吸波复合材料、其制备方法及应用 - Google Patents

多孔石墨烯电磁吸波复合材料、其制备方法及应用 Download PDF

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CN109054242A
CN109054242A CN201810793669.9A CN201810793669A CN109054242A CN 109054242 A CN109054242 A CN 109054242A CN 201810793669 A CN201810793669 A CN 201810793669A CN 109054242 A CN109054242 A CN 109054242A
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composite material
electromagnetic wave
graphene
wave absorption
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魏相飞
陈传军
秦素英
丁健
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West Anhui University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种多孔石墨烯电磁吸波复合材料、其制备方法及应用，涉及纳米材料技术领域。该多孔石墨烯电磁吸波复合材料，所述复合材料采用多种组份的纳米粒子、环氧树脂、发泡剂与石墨烯微片复合构成，并且该复合材料为多孔结构，同时多孔结构中孔道的孔径为0.5nm‑1.5cm，孔隙率为40％‑80％，所述复合材料对于波长为7GHz‑10GHz的电磁波的吸收率为5％～50％。该多孔石墨烯电磁吸波复合材料、其制备方法及应用，通过采用多种组份的纳米粒子、环氧树脂、发泡剂与石墨烯微片的组合，经过特殊的制备，使得材料能够对电磁波进行有效地吸收或损耗，减少电磁波二次反射，在一定程度上减轻了石墨烯片层的团聚。

Description

多孔石墨烯电磁吸波复合材料、其制备方法及应用
技术领域
本发明涉及纳米材料技术领域，具体为一种多孔石墨烯电磁吸波复合材料、其制备方法及应用。
背景技术
石墨烯是从石墨材料中剥离出来、由碳原子组成的只有一层原子厚度的二维晶体，石墨烯结构非常稳定，迄今为止，研究者仍未发现石墨烯中有碳原子缺失的情况。石墨烯中各碳原子之间的连接非常柔韧，当施加外部机械力时，碳原子面就弯曲变形，从而使碳原子不必重新排列来适应外力，也就保持了结构稳定。这种稳定的晶格结构使碳原子具有优秀的导电性。石墨烯中的电子在轨道中移动时，不会因晶格缺陷或引入外来原子而发生散射。由于原子间作用力十分强，在常温下，即使周围碳原子发生挤撞，石墨烯中电子受到的干扰也非常小。
电磁波辐射造成了电磁污染、电磁干扰、泄密等棘手问题，妨碍了电子信息工业发展。人们通过吸波材料有效解决这一问题。在飞机、导弹、坦克、舰艇、仓库等各种武器装备和军事设施上面涂覆吸收材料，就可以吸收侦察电波、衰减反射信号，从而突破敌方雷达的防区，这是反雷达侦察的一种有力手段，减少武器系统遭受红外制导导弹和激光武器袭击的一种方法。也可作为墙面涂料，吸收家用电器发出的电磁辐射。
但现有的吸波材料还是存在缺陷，即电磁波进入到材料内部后，材料不能够对电磁波进行有效地吸收或损耗，容易导致电磁波二次反射。
发明内容
(一)解决的技术问题
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种多孔石墨烯电磁吸波复合材料、其制备方法及应用，具备材料能够对电磁波进行有效地吸收或损耗，减少电磁波二次反射等优点，解决了电磁波进入到材料内部后，材料不能够对电磁波进行有效地吸收或损耗，容易导致电磁波二次反射的问题。
(二)技术方案
为实现上述过程简单和检测结果明显的目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种多孔石墨烯电磁吸波复合材料，所述复合材料采用多种组份的纳米粒子、环氧树脂、发泡剂与石墨烯微片复合构成，并且该复合材料为多孔结构，同时多孔结构中孔道的孔径为0.5nm-1.5cm，孔隙率为40％-80％，所述复合材料对于波长为7GHz-10GHz的电磁波的吸收率为5％～50％。
进一步改进的是：所述石墨烯微片中含有Fe3+，并且Fe3+的含量为0.1wt％～80wt％。
进一步改进的是：所述石墨烯微片的厚度为0.34nm～1mm。
进一步改进的是：所述发泡剂与含Fe3+的石墨烯微片的质量比为1/1000～1/0.1，而所述含Fe3+的石墨烯微片与多种组份的纳米粒子的质量比为1/1000～900/1。
进一步改进的是：所述多种组份的纳米粒子由聚氯乙烯、高密度聚乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、聚丙烯酸、酚醛树脂、橡胶树脂、聚乙二醇、聚碳酸酯、聚酰亚胺中的任一种或两种以上的组合。
进一步改进的是：所述发泡剂包括碳酸盐、H2O2、硅酸钠、碳化硅、碳黑、三氯氟甲烷、正庚烷、十二烷基硫酸钠偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二甲酸二异丙酯、二偶氮氨基苯、偶氮二甲酸中的任一种或两种以上的组合。
一种多孔石墨烯电磁吸波复合材料的制备方法及应用，将含Fe3+的石墨烯微片、环氧树脂、多种组份的纳米粒子与发泡剂均匀混合后，加热发泡，获得所述复合材料；其中加热发泡的工艺条件包括：加热温度为10℃-200℃，时间为1-5h。
进一步改进的是：所述复合材料应用于散热隔音材料或器件、吸附载体材料或器件、电磁屏蔽材料或器件、电磁隐身材料或器件以及电磁吸波材料或器件中任一种。
(三)有益效果
通过采用前述技术方案，本发明的有益效果是：本发明：
1、该多孔石墨烯电磁吸波复合材料、其制备方法及应用，具备材料能够对电磁波进行有效地吸收或损耗，减少电磁波二次反射等优点，解决了电磁波进入到材料内部后，材料不能够对电磁波进行有效地吸收或损耗，容易导致电磁波二次反射的问题，通过采用多种组份的纳米粒子、环氧树脂、发泡剂与石墨烯微片的组合，经过特殊的制备，使得材料能够对电磁波进行有效地吸收或损耗，减少电磁波二次反射，在一定程度上减轻了石墨烯片层的团聚，更重要的是制备的多组份复合材料具有多功能，对于吸波材料而言，每一组份的材料具有不同的电磁波吸收特性，多种组份的材料复合时吸波材料能兼顾那种材料的优点。
2、该多孔石墨烯电磁吸波复合材料、其制备方法及应用，利用石墨烯的特殊结构以及石墨烯与纳米粒子复合所带来的特殊性质所造成的界面极化、电子弛豫极化和偶极子极化等效应来损耗电磁波，获得了具备多种电磁波损耗机制且性能可调的质轻、高强、宽频吸波材料结构体系。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明的实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明涉及一种多孔石墨烯电磁吸波复合材料，复合材料采用多种组份的纳米粒子、环氧树脂、发泡剂与石墨烯微片复合构成，并且该复合材料为多孔结构，同时多孔结构中孔道的孔径为0.5nm-1.5cm，孔隙率为40％-80％，复合材料对于波长为7GHz-10GHz的电磁波的吸收率为5％～50％，单原子层石墨烯的理论比表面积可以达到惊人的2630m2/g，是活性炭的比表面积的2～3倍，可以用于吸附和脱附各种大分子和小颗粒，石墨烯的光学透过率达到97.7％。
进一步改进的是：石墨烯微片中含有Fe3+，并且Fe3+的含量为0.1wt％～80wt％。
进一步改进的是：石墨烯微片的厚度为0.34nm～1mm。
进一步改进的是：发泡剂与含Fe3+的石墨烯微片的质量比为1/1000～1/0.1，而含Fe3+的石墨烯微片与多种组份的纳米粒子的质量比为1/1000～900/1。
进一步改进的是：多种组份的纳米粒子由聚氯乙烯、高密度聚乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、聚丙烯酸、酚醛树脂、橡胶树脂、聚乙二醇、聚碳酸酯、聚酰亚胺中的任一种或两种以上的组合。
进一步改进的是：发泡剂包括碳酸盐、H2O2、硅酸钠、碳化硅、碳黑、三氯氟甲烷、正庚烷、十二烷基硫酸钠偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二甲酸二异丙酯、二偶氮氨基苯、偶氮二甲酸中的任一种或两种以上的组合。
实施例1：
取1g含有e3+的石墨烯微片加入到50ml聚氯乙烯中，在加入0.5g聚碳酸酯，在室温下磁力搅拌5分钟，转速300r/min，加热至100摄氏度固化5小时，冷却即可得到多孔石墨烯电磁吸波复合材料。
实施例2：
取1g含有e3+的石墨烯微片加入到50ml聚乙二醇中，在加入0.5g聚酰亚胺，在室温下磁力搅拌10分钟，转速300r/min，加热至150摄氏度固化6小时，冷却即可得到多孔多孔石墨烯电磁吸波复合材料。
进一步改进的是：复合材料应用于散热隔音材料或器件、吸附载体材料或器件、电磁屏蔽材料或器件、电磁隐身材料或器件以及电磁吸波材料或器件中任一种。
本发明的有益效果是：该多孔石墨烯电磁吸波复合材料、其制备方法及应用，具备材料能够对电磁波进行有效地吸收或损耗，减少电磁波二次反射等优点，解决了电磁波进入到材料内部后，材料不能够对电磁波进行有效地吸收或损耗，容易导致电磁波二次反射的问题，通过采用多种组份的纳米粒子、环氧树脂、发泡剂与石墨烯微片的组合，经过特殊的制备，使得材料能够对电磁波进行有效地吸收或损耗，减少电磁波二次反射，在一定程度上减轻了石墨烯片层的团聚，更重要的是制备的多组份复合材料具有多功能，对于吸波材料而言，每一组份的材料具有不同的电磁波吸收特性，多种组份的材料复合时吸波材料能兼顾那种材料的优点。
同时，利用石墨烯的特殊结构以及石墨烯与纳米粒子复合所带来的特殊性质所造成的界面极化、电子弛豫极化和偶极子极化等效应来损耗电磁波，获得了具备多种电磁波损耗机制且性能可调的质轻、高强、宽频吸波材料结构体系。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (8)

1.一种多孔石墨烯电磁吸波复合材料，其特征在于：所述复合材料采用多种组份的纳米粒子、环氧树脂、发泡剂与石墨烯微片复合构成，并且该复合材料为多孔结构，同时多孔结构中孔道的孔径为0.5nm-1.5cm，孔隙率为40％-80％，所述复合材料对于波长为7GHz-10GHz的电磁波的吸收率为5％～50％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多孔石墨烯电磁吸波复合材料，其特征在于：所述石墨烯微片中含有Fe3+，并且Fe3+的含量为0.1wt％～80wt％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多孔石墨烯电磁吸波复合材料，其特征在于：所述石墨烯微片的厚度为0.34nm～1mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多孔石墨烯电磁吸波复合材料，其特征在于：所述发泡剂与含Fe3+的石墨烯微片的质量比为1/1000～1/0.1，而所述含Fe3+的石墨烯微片与多种组份的纳米粒子的质量比为1/1000～900/1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的多孔石墨烯电磁吸波复合材料，其特征在于：所述多种组份的纳米粒子由聚氯乙烯、高密度聚乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、聚丙烯酸、酚醛树脂、橡胶树脂、聚乙二醇、聚碳酸酯、聚酰亚胺中的任一种或两种以上的组合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的多孔石墨烯电磁吸波复合材料，其特征在于：所述发泡剂包括碳酸盐、H2O2、硅酸钠、碳化硅、碳黑、三氯氟甲烷、正庚烷、十二烷基硫酸钠偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二甲酸二异丙酯、二偶氮氨基苯、偶氮二甲酸中的任一种或两种以上的组合。
7.权利要求1～6任一所述的多孔石墨烯电磁吸波复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：将含Fe3+的石墨烯微片、环氧树脂、多种组份的纳米粒子与发泡剂均匀混合后，加热发泡，获得所述复合材料；其中加热发泡的工艺条件包括：加热温度为10℃-200℃，时间为1-5h。
8.权利要求1～6任一所述的多孔石墨烯电磁吸波复合材料的应用，其特征在于：所述复合材料应用于散热隔音材料或器件、吸附载体材料或器件、电磁屏蔽材料或器件、电磁隐身材料或器件以及电磁吸波材料或器件中任一种。
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CN110918980A (zh) * 2019-12-16 2020-03-27 北京工商大学 一种电磁屏蔽复合材料及其制备方法
CN111633899A (zh) * 2020-05-20 2020-09-08 武汉理工大学 一种聚合物基吸波泡沫材料及其制备方法
CN113853106A (zh) * 2021-10-26 2021-12-28 浙江工业大学 一种高吸收电磁屏蔽泡沫及其制备方法

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CN110918980A (zh) * 2019-12-16 2020-03-27 北京工商大学 一种电磁屏蔽复合材料及其制备方法
CN111633899A (zh) * 2020-05-20 2020-09-08 武汉理工大学 一种聚合物基吸波泡沫材料及其制备方法
CN113853106A (zh) * 2021-10-26 2021-12-28 浙江工业大学 一种高吸收电磁屏蔽泡沫及其制备方法
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