CN109046449A - 一种叔胺-硫脲类双功能手性催化剂及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种叔胺-硫脲类双功能手性催化剂及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种叔胺‑硫脲类双功能手性催化剂及其制备方法与应用。其结构式如式I所示。以(1S,2S)‑环己二胺为原料,经酰化、N‑甲基化、肼解制备(1S,2S)‑N,N‑二甲基环己二胺,再与硫光气反应制备(1S,2S)‑N,N‑二甲氨基环己基异硫氰酸酯,最后与四氨基金刚烷反应制备式I。本发明的叔胺‑硫脲类双功能手性催化剂具有高效、环境友好的特征。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机化学合成领域,具体地说是一种叔胺-硫脲类双功能手性催化剂及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
2003年,Takemoto小组首次提出单分子双功能催化剂协同催化的概念,设计了叔胺-(硫)脲类双功能催化剂。2008年,王春江小组提出了多氢键协同催化概念并设计合成了具有“多氢键给体”的手性双官能团叔胺-硫脲类催化剂。这类催化剂分子中叔胺作为氢键的受体,通过氢键和一分子反应底物作用,从而提高其亲核试剂的活性。硫脲结构具有酸性作用的两个氢原子作为氢键给体,通过氢键和另一分子反应底物的相互作用,可以增强底物分子的反应活性。这类催化剂都可以高的对映选择性的催化不对称Micheal加成、Henry反应,Mannich反应等。金刚烷是一种刚性的、高对称性的笼状化合物,这种特殊的空间结构,使得金刚烷可以作为许多催化剂的支撑体,其空间结构可以大大提高催化剂的催化作用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种叔胺-硫脲类双功能手性催化剂,其特征在于,其结构如式(I)所示:
本发明的另一目的是提供一种叔胺-硫脲类双功能手性催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
(1)(1S,2S)-环己二胺与邻苯二甲酸酐,在p-TsOH催化下,经酰化反应,制得(1S,2S)-N-邻苯二甲酰-1,2-环己二胺;
(2)(1S,2S)-N-邻苯二甲酰-1,2-环己二胺与甲醛、甲酸发生甲基化反应,制得(1S,2S)-N,N-二甲基-N-邻苯二甲酰-1,2-环己二胺;
(3)(1S,2S)-N,N-二甲基-N-邻苯二甲酰-1,2-环己二胺与水合肼发生肼解反应制得(1S,2S)-N,N-二甲基-1,2-环己二胺;
(4)(1S,2S)-N,N-二甲基-1,2-环己二胺与硫光气反应制备(1S,2S)-N,N-二甲氨基环己基异硫氰酸酯;
(5)(1S,2S)-N,N-二甲氨基环己基异硫氰酸酯与四氨基金刚烷反应制备式I。
本发明所述的一种叔胺-硫脲类双功能手性催化剂,其特征在于,其应用于催化不对称Micheal加成反应和不对称Henry反应。
附图说明
图1是本发明的反应式。
具体实施方式
以下的实施例在于详细说明本发明,而非限制本发明。
实施例1
(1S,2S)-N-邻苯二甲酰-1,2-环己二胺的制备
在100mL三口瓶中,加入1.92g(10mmol)p-TsOH . H2O和50mL二甲苯,共沸带水除去p-TsOH .H2O中的结晶水。冷至室温,加入1.14g(10mmol)(1S,2S)-1,2-环己二胺和1.48g(10mmol)邻苯二甲酸酐,加热回流6h,冷却,过滤,滤饼以二甲苯和正己烷混合液洗涤。将滤饼加入到120mLCH2Cl2与35mL饱和NaHCO3的混合液中,室温搅拌过夜,分层,干燥,旋干,得棕色(1S,2S)-N-邻苯二甲酰-1,2-环己二胺,收率79%,mp130-132℃。
实施例2
(1S,2S)-N,N-二甲基-N-邻苯二甲酰-1,2-环己二胺的制备
将5.30g(21.7mmol) (1S,2S)-N-邻苯二甲酰-1,2-环己二胺,9mL98%的甲酸和4mL37%的甲醛加入反应器中,回流反应3h,减压除去大部分甲酸,加入20mL饱和NaHCO3溶液和15mLCH2Cl2,分层,CH2Cl2萃取,减压浓缩,柱层析纯化(PE/EA=3:1),得(1S,2S)-N,N-二甲基-N-邻苯二甲酰-1,2-环己二胺淡黄色晶体,收率77%,mp131-133℃。
实施例3
(1S,2S)-N,N-二甲基-1,2-环己二胺的制备
将3.91g(14.4mmol) (1S,2S)-N,N-二甲基-N-邻苯二甲酰-1,2-环己二胺,1.73mL80%的水合肼和40mL无水乙醇加入反应器中,加热回流2h,反应过程中析出固体,冷至室温,加入100mL乙醚,冰箱冷冻过夜,抽滤,旋干,得(1S,2S)-N,N-二甲基-1,2-环己二胺淡黄油状物,收率98%。
实施例4
(1S,2S)-N,N-二甲氨基环己基异硫氰酸酯的制备
将1.42g(10mmol) (1S,2S)-N,N-二甲基-1,2-环己二胺,2.52g(30mmol) NaHCO3,25mL二氯甲烷和4mL水加入反应器中,冷至0℃,剧烈搅拌下,慢慢加入1.71g(15mmol) 硫光气,自然升至室温,反应2h,分层,水相用二氯甲烷萃取,有机相依次用饱和碳酸氢钠和饱和食盐水洗涤,干燥,浓缩,柱层析纯化,得到(1S,2S)-N,N-二甲氨基环己基异硫氰酸酯,收率80%。
实施例5
催化剂式I的制备
将7.36g(40mmol) (1S,2S)-N,N-二甲氨基环己基异硫氰酸酯加入到20mLCH2Cl2中,冰浴冷却,滴入1.96g(10mmol) 四氨基金刚烷与7mLCH2Cl2的溶液,反应过夜,减压蒸干,柱层析纯化,得到催化剂式I,收率86%。
实施例6
式I催化的N-Boc亚胺与硝基甲烷的不对称aza-Henry反应
将205mg(1mmol)苯亚甲基氨基甲酸叔丁酯,2mLCH2Cl2和94mg(0.01mmol)式I加入到反应器中,冷至-78℃,再加入305mg(5mmol)硝基甲烷,保温反应12h,升至室温,浓缩,柱层析纯化,制得1-苯基-2-硝基乙基氨基甲酸叔丁酯,收率96%,mp 105-106℃,ee值:99.1%[HPLC条件:AD-H柱,流动相:正己烷:乙醇=85:15,流速:1mL/min,λmax =254nm, tR= 9.98,12.38min]。
实施例7
式I催化的不对称Micheal加成反应
将149mg(1mmol)1-硝基-2-苯基乙烯,2mLCH2Cl2和93mg(0.01mmol)式I加入到反应器中,冷至0℃,再加入305mg(5mmol)苯硫酚,保温反应12h,浓缩,柱层析纯化,得到2-硝基-1-苯基乙基苯基硫醚,收率95%,mp 45-47℃,ee值:96% [HPLC条件:AD-H柱,流动相:正己烷:异丙醇=10:90,流速:1mL/min, λmax =254nm, tR= 8.8, 10.8min]。
Claims (3)
1.一种叔胺-硫脲类双功能手性催化剂,其特征在于,其结构式如式(I)所示:
。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种叔胺-硫脲类双功能手性催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
(1)(1S,2S)-环己二胺与邻苯二甲酸酐,在p-TsOH催化下,经酰化反应,制得(1S,2S)-N-邻苯二甲酰-1,2-环己二胺;
(2)(1S,2S)-N-邻苯二甲酰-1,2-环己二胺与甲醛、甲酸发生甲基化反应,制得(1S,2S)-N,N-二甲基-N-邻苯二甲酰-1,2-环己二胺;
(3)(1S,2S)-N,N-二甲基-N-邻苯二甲酰-1,2-环己二胺与水合肼发生肼解反应制得(1S,2S)-N,N-二甲基-1,2-环己二胺;
(4)(1S,2S)-N,N-二甲基-1,2-环己二胺与硫光气反应制备(1S,2S)-N,N-二甲氨基环己基异硫氰酸酯;
(5)(1S,2S)-N,N-二甲氨基环己基异硫氰酸酯与四氨基金刚烷反应制备式I;
反应式如下式所示:
。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种叔胺-硫脲类双功能手性催化剂,其特征在于,其应用于催化不对称Micheal加成反应和不对称Henry反应。
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