CN109042171B - System and method for planting rice in paddy field by improving saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
System and method for planting rice in paddy field by improving saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN109042171B CN109042171B CN201810940076.0A CN201810940076A CN109042171B CN 109042171 B CN109042171 B CN 109042171B CN 201810940076 A CN201810940076 A CN 201810940076A CN 109042171 B CN109042171 B CN 109042171B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 80
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- LJRGBERXYNQPJI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3-nitrobenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1 LJRGBERXYNQPJI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B11/00—Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes
- E02B11/005—Drainage conduits
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a system for planting paddy rice in a saline-alkali soil improved paddy field, which comprises a base layer, a straw layer paved on the base layer and a paddy field cultivation layer positioned above the straw layer; the underdrain communicated with the straw layer is arranged in the base layer at intervals, and culverts extending into the underdrain are arranged in the straw layer; and plastic hoses with holes on the whole body are paved in the underdrain, and water outlets of the plastic hoses extend out of the rice field. The utility model utilizes the rice stem support and the underdrain to continuously discharge underground water, forms an air layer below the paddy field cultivation layer, and cuts off the upward transportation of saline water by utilizing the siphon break principle; the rice straw serves as a biological culvert pipe, and saline groundwater which is returned to the rice straw layer is led into the underdrain.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of saline-alkali soil improvement, in particular to a system and a method for improving and planting paddy rice in a saline-alkali soil, which are particularly suitable for the soil quality of viscous saline-alkali soil.
Background
The land utilization conditions are very tight, so that the urban cultivated land in the Jiangzhe region is balanced, the economic and sustainable development of the region is ensured, and the starting of the land construction engineering is accelerated. Therefore, coastal beach saline-alkali soil becomes an important goal for farmland soil making, wherein the saline-alkali soil paddy field soil making benefit is more remarkable. Straw returning is used as an early agricultural technology for improving saline-alkali soil, for example, 201610550488.4 patent uses rice straw as a salt separating layer, cuts off a salt conveying capillary, and improves saline-alkali soil. The Chinese patent of the utility model with the publication number of 206775972U discloses a saline-alkali soil plant planting system, which comprises a saline-alkali isolation layer, a soil improvement layer, an evaporation-prevention soil moisture-retaining layer and a transversely arranged micro-wetting dropper salt-expelling device, wherein the saline-alkali isolation layer consists of organic fertilizer, cobblestones and coarse sand, the soil improvement layer consists of saline-alkali soil, organic fertilizer, water-retaining agent, cotton seed hulls, desulfurized gypsum and other components in proportion, the evaporation-prevention soil moisture-retaining layer is positioned on the surface layer of soil and consists of crushed cotton straw or other agricultural and forestry wastes in the form of a blanket-shaped structure formed by pressing or programming, and the micro-wetting salt-expelling device consists of a micro-wetting pipe and a water supply system and is buried in the soil improvement layer and positioned above a plant root system.
However, in the actual operation process, as the groundwater returns or natural rainfall water infiltrates downwards, after the straw layer in the soil layer is completely immersed, the upper layer conveying salt capillary is remolded under the evaporation effect, and the salt isolation effect can be rapidly disabled in a short time.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model provides a system and a method for improving and planting paddy rice in saline-alkali soil, which adopt paddy rice straw as biological material and combine plastic hose as a saline water drainage hidden pipe under a cultivation layer to continuously drain groundwater, a gap layer is arranged under the cultivation layer of paddy field, and the siphon breaking mechanism is utilized to effectively inhibit the salt returning of groundwater.
A system for planting paddy rice in a saline-alkali soil improved paddy field comprises a base layer, a straw layer paved on the base layer and a paddy field cultivation layer positioned above the straw layer; the underdrain communicated with the straw layer is arranged in the base layer at intervals, and culverts extending into the underdrain are arranged in the straw layer; and plastic hoses with holes on the whole body are paved in the underdrain, and water outlets of the plastic hoses extend out of the rice field.
Preferably, the straw of the straw layer itself extends into the underdrain as a biological culvert. The straw is rice straw or wheat straw; preferably, rice straw is obtained locally and returned to the field.
The upper layer of the utility model is a cultivation layer of the paddy field, a gap layer is formed between the cultivation layer and the straw layer, and two sides of the straw layer extend out to serve as biological culverts, and saline groundwater which returns to the straw layer is discharged to the underdrain at two sides. A plastic hose with holes on the whole body is placed at the bottom of the hidden canal, the hose can be covered with straw as a support, and saline groundwater discharged by the biological culvert pipe is collected by the hose and finally discharged out of the paddy field. Therefore, a gas layer is arranged below the cultivation layer of the paddy field, like an air section in the siphon pipe, the cultivation layer in the paddy field is not dried up, and the gas layer continuously exists, so that salt returning is blocked.
Preferably, the straw layer is paved by the whole straw. Preferably, rice straw is used.
Preferably, the depth of the underdrain is 50-60 cm; straw is laid above the plastic hose in the underdrain as a support.
Preferably, the width of the underdrain is 20-40 cm; the interval between adjacent underdrains is 8-12 m.
Further preferably, the underdrain depth is 60cm; the width is 30cm; the spacing between adjacent underdrains is 10m.
Preferably, the perimeter of the radial section of the plastic hose is 8-12 cm, the plastic hose can be made of PE or PVC, and the plastic hose is subjected to hole forming treatment on the whole body.
Preferably, the straw layer is laid as flat as possible and has uniform thickness.
Preferably, the thickness of the straw layer is 5-20 cm. More preferably 10 to 15cm. The thickness herein refers to the thickness of the covered soil after compaction.
Preferably, the thickness of the paddy field cultivation layer is 25-40 cm. Further preferably 30cm, the upper layer in the paddy field cultivation layer is a paddy field cultivation layer, and the lower layer is a silt bottom layer; and an air layer is formed between the straw layer and the straw layer.
Preferably, the salt-separated gas layer is formed by air under the original soil or methane gas generated by straw anaerobism.
Preferably, the silt bottom layer is a watertight and airtight layer formed by the rotary tillage machine beating soil at the bottom of the cultivation layer after water is stored in a paddy field, and the salt-separated gas layer is arranged below the silt bottom layer.
For a smoother drainage, the underdrain is preferably provided with a slope of 5-10 °. It is further preferable to set a gradient of 5 ° and drain the saline groundwater to both sides of the field.
The utility model also provides a method for planting rice by improving the saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps:
(1) The soil surface is pushed to be flat by the bulldozer, and the soil is turned by the soil turning machine, wherein the soil turning depth is 25-40 cm;
(2) Paving the whole rice straw on the turned soil surface, and covering the soil by a bulldozer to form a straw layer; the thickness of the rice straw is calculated by 5-20 cm after soil covering;
(3) Ditching and pipe placing of a ditching machine, covering rice straw on a plastic hose, and then earthing to form an underdrain, wherein the straw on the straw layer is used as a biological culvert pipe to extend into the underdrain, and the water outlet of the plastic hose extends out of the field; the distance between adjacent underdrains is 8-12 m;
(4) Soaking the field mu, carrying out rotary tillage and salt washing, wherein part of straw is turned into a cultivation layer of the paddy field in the rotary tillage process;
(5) Adding an organic fertilizer and a conditioner for fertilizer cultivation;
(6) Planting salt-resistant rice, and then managing the rice; the water coverage of Shui Tianna was maintained throughout the rice growth cycle.
The utility model utilizes the rice stem support and the underdrain to continuously discharge underground water, forms a gas layer below the paddy field cultivation layer, and cuts off the upward transportation of saline water by utilizing the principle of siphon break; the rice straw serves as a biological culvert pipe, and saline groundwater which is returned to the rice straw layer is led into the underdrain.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects: (1) The improvement process is simple, the implementation and the operation are easy, deep soil turning is not needed, and the improvement process has stronger operability when being matched with a common soil turning machine; (2) The rice straw surplus from the surrounding to the year can be utilized, and the waste is utilized; (3) The new saline-alkali soil is insufficient in organic matter content, and the rotting of rice stems is added, so that the water retention and fertility retention of soil can be enhanced by humus, and the hardening of the soil can be reduced; (4) The newly improved saline-alkali soil is often small in microbial biomass and few in variety, and a large amount of microorganisms can be brought along with the addition of the fertile farmland straw, so that the soil activity is enhanced; (5) The biological culvert pipe and the underdrain cooperate with each other to form an air-containing gap layer between the cultivation layer and the straw layer of the paddy field, so that upward transportation of saline water is blocked.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present utility model.
Reference numerals shown in the drawings are as follows:
1-paddy field cultivation layer 2-straw layer 3-base layer
4-underdrain 5-plastic hose 6-biological culvert pipe
7-salt-separating gas layer
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a paddy rice planting system for improving saline-alkali soil comprises a base layer 3, a straw layer 2 above the base layer and a paddy field cultivation layer 1 above the straw layer.
The thickness of the paddy field cultivation layer is 25-40 cm, the straw layer is paved by the whole rice straw, the thickness is 5-20 cm, and a salt-isolation gas layer 7 is formed at the contact position of the paddy field cultivation layer and the straw layer.
An underdrain 4 is arranged in the base layer, a slope of 5 degrees is arranged at the bottom of the underdrain 4, a plastic hose 5 with holes on the whole body is paved in the underdrain, a water outlet of the plastic hose extends out of the paddy field, and rice straw is paved above the plastic hose as a support to be connected with the straw layer. The straw of the straw layer itself extends into the underdrain as a biological culvert. The saline groundwater discharged from the biological culvert pipe is collected by a hose and finally discharged out of the paddy field. Thereby ensuring a gas layer below the paddy field cultivation layer and isolating salt returning.
The specific construction steps in the most preferred embodiment are as follows:
(1) The bulldozer pushes the uneven soil surface to be flat, and the soil turning machine turns the soil to a depth of 30cm;
(2) Paving the rice stems on the turned soil surface, and covering the soil by a bulldozer;
(3) Ditching and pipe placing by a ditching machine, wherein the pipe burying depth is 60cm, the rice rod is covered on the hose, and the water outlet of the hose extends out of the field;
(4) Soaking the field mu, rotary tillage and salt washing;
(5) Performing fertilizer cultivation on the saline-alkali soil, and adding an organic fertilizer and a conditioner;
(6) Planting salt-resistant rice and managing the rice.
The laid biological material can also be plant branches of the Zhejiang zone such as corn, reed and the like throughout the year, and the compaction thickness is not less than 10cm. The method has been successful in planting rice in the saline-alkali soil on the coastal beach field of Zhejiang, and the yield of rice per mu is quite high.
Examples
The scheme for planting paddy rice in saline-alkali soil with biological culvert pipe resistance salt elimination improvement is implemented in Zhejiang Zhoushan Daishan county in Zhejiang province as follows:
the saline-alkali soil improvement is carried out on the factory area of the waste salt field in Daishan county, and the paddy rice is planted in the same year after the saline-alkali soil improvement, the original soil of the factory area has high salt content, weak soil development, low organic content and thin land, and is not suitable for the growth of crops. The original detection data and the modified data of the soil are shown in table 1.
The specific implementation steps are as follows: (1) the bulldozer pushes the uneven soil surface to be flat, and the soil turning machine turns the soil to a depth of 30cm; (2) paving the rice stems on the turned soil surface, and covering the soil by a bulldozer; (3) ditching and pipe placing by a ditching machine, wherein the pipe burying depth is 60cm, the rice rod is covered on the hose, and the water outlet of the hose extends out of the field; (4) soaking the field mu, carrying out rotary tillage and salt washing, (5) carrying out fertilizer cultivation on the saline-alkali soil, and adding an organic fertilizer and a conditioner; (6) planting salt-resistant rice and managing the rice. After 8 months of saline-alkali soil improvement and rice planting tests, the salt content of the improved soil is reduced by more than 90 percent, and the requirements of rice cultivation are met. According to the measurement and calculation of the rice yield of 11 months and 20 days in 2017, the mu yield of the high-quality 12 varieties of rice reaches 680 jin.
Table 1 shows the detection data of the undisturbed soil and the planting soil before and after the improvement.
Table 1 table of detection data of undisturbed soil and plant soil before and after improvement
In conclusion, the effect of improving the saline-alkali soil by using the biological culvert pipe to resist salt is obvious, the current year improvement and current year planting can be realized, the utility model is not limited to the specific embodiment, and the utility model is not subject to creative labor from the conception by a person of ordinary skill in the art, and all kinds of changes are made, so that the utility model falls within the protection scope of the patent.
Claims (10)
1. A system for planting paddy rice in a saline-alkali soil improved paddy field is characterized by comprising a base layer, a straw layer paved on the base layer and a paddy field cultivation layer positioned above the straw layer; the underdrain communicated with the straw layer is arranged in the base layer at intervals, and culverts extending into the underdrain are arranged in the straw layer; paving plastic hoses with holes on the whole body in the underdrain, wherein water outlets of the plastic hoses extend out of the rice field;
forming a gas layer between the paddy field cultivation layer and the straw layer;
the upper layer in the paddy field cultivation layer is a paddy field cultivation layer, the lower layer is a silt bottom layer, the silt bottom layer is a watertight and airtight layer formed by rotting soil at the bottom of the cultivation layer by rotary tillage machinery after water is stored in the paddy field, and the salt-isolated gas layer is just below the silt bottom layer.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the straw of the straw layer itself extends into the underdrain as a biological culvert.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the straw layer is laid from whole straw.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the underdrain has a depth of 50-60 cm; straw is laid above the plastic hose in the underdrain as a support.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the underdrain has a width of 20-40 cm; the interval between adjacent underdrains is 8-12 m.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the plastic hose has a radial cross-sectional circumference of 8-12 cm.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the straw layer has a thickness of 5-20 cm.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the paddy field cultivation layer has a thickness of 25-40 cm.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the underdrain is set at a slope of 5-10 °.
10. A method for planting rice in a paddy field improved in saline-alkali soil, characterized in that the system for planting rice in a paddy field improved in saline-alkali soil is based on any one of claims 1 to 9;
the method for planting rice in the saline-alkali soil improved paddy field comprises the following steps:
(1) The soil surface is pushed to be flat by the bulldozer, and the soil is turned by the soil turning machine, wherein the soil turning depth is 25-40 cm;
(2) Paving the whole rice straw on the turned soil surface, and covering the soil by a bulldozer to form a straw layer; the thickness of the rice straw is calculated by 5-20 cm after soil covering;
(3) Ditching and pipe placing of a ditching machine, covering rice straw on a plastic hose, and then earthing to form an underdrain, wherein the straw on the straw layer is used as a biological culvert pipe to extend into the underdrain, and the water outlet of the plastic hose extends out of the field; the distance between adjacent underdrains is 8-12 m;
(4) Soaking the field mu, rotary tillage and salt washing;
(5) Adding an organic fertilizer and a conditioner for fertilizer cultivation;
(6) Planting salt-resistant rice, and then managing the rice; the water coverage of Shui Tianna was maintained throughout the rice growth cycle.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810940076.0A CN109042171B (en) | 2018-08-17 | 2018-08-17 | System and method for planting rice in paddy field by improving saline-alkali soil |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810940076.0A CN109042171B (en) | 2018-08-17 | 2018-08-17 | System and method for planting rice in paddy field by improving saline-alkali soil |
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| CN109042171A CN109042171A (en) | 2018-12-21 |
| CN109042171B true CN109042171B (en) | 2024-01-05 |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106385828A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-15 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Underground pipe with long service life and good drainage properties and used for saline-alkali land |
| CN108112294A (en) * | 2017-12-23 | 2018-06-05 | 广东粤壮园林建设有限公司 | A kind of saline and alkali land improvement method |
| CN108184359A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-06-22 | 昆山合纵生态科技有限公司 | A kind of method for carrying out soil improvement in serious pollution salt-soda soil |
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- 2018-08-17 CN CN201810940076.0A patent/CN109042171B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106385828A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-15 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Underground pipe with long service life and good drainage properties and used for saline-alkali land |
| CN108112294A (en) * | 2017-12-23 | 2018-06-05 | 广东粤壮园林建设有限公司 | A kind of saline and alkali land improvement method |
| CN108184359A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-06-22 | 昆山合纵生态科技有限公司 | A kind of method for carrying out soil improvement in serious pollution salt-soda soil |
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| CN109042171A (en) | 2018-12-21 |
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