CN109027156B - 四油缸通路金属带式无级变速器 - Google Patents

四油缸通路金属带式无级变速器 Download PDF

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CN109027156B
CN109027156B CN201710436769.1A CN201710436769A CN109027156B CN 109027156 B CN109027156 B CN 109027156B CN 201710436769 A CN201710436769 A CN 201710436769A CN 109027156 B CN109027156 B CN 109027156B
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童俊生
童娜
童玄治
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H9/00Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members
    • F16H9/02Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion
    • F16H9/04Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes
    • F16H9/12Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members
    • F16H9/16Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members using two pulleys, both built-up out of adjustable conical parts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/26Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms
    • F16H61/28Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms with at least one movement of the final actuating mechanism being caused by a non-mechanical force, e.g. power-assisted
    • F16H61/30Hydraulic or pneumatic motors or related fluid control means therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/66Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
    • F16H61/662Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members

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Abstract

一种四油缸通路金属带式无级变速器,属汽车领域。为了消除现有技术液压控制回路中,大压运行、加压变速等技术缺陷,本发明在液压控制回路中采用了弹簧做油压源,主、从动轴油缸、中间油缸、压力油缸四油缸通路,主、从动轴油缸缸径相等、活塞杆直径相等,主、从动轴油缸同时直接对金属带施加相等工作夹紧力,变速油缸连带中间油缸推动一锥轮可动锥盘,另一锥轮可动锥盘相随同步移动,实现了主、从动轴锥轮工作直径大小的连续改变。本发明的有益效果是:与现有技术相比,大幅度地降低了金属带承受的夹紧力,消除了加压变速,数倍的提高了金属带的寿命,设置了付变速机构,加大了传动比,减小了高压力油耗,提高功率利用率。

Description

四油缸通路金属带式无级变速器
技术领域
本实用新型涉及汽车领域,具体是一种四油缸通路金属带式无级变速器。
背景技术
自汽车诞生以来,无级变速传动装置一直是人们追求的目标。金属带式无级变速器采用了一对可变工作直径的锥轮进行传动,实现了传动比的连续改变,是理想的汽车传动装置,众多摩擦无级变速传动装置中,金属带式无级变速传动装置有着先天的优势,金属带和锥轮接触面积大,传动接触区内外层线速度相等,变速变扭。阻碍其发展的主要是金属带使用寿命低,传递扭矩受限。
目前公知的金属带式无级变速器现有的液压控制回路主要是:油泵为油压源,比例溢流阀控制油压,以传递上级动力扭矩为准设定工作夹紧力,从动轴油缸对金属带施加工作夹紧力,电控换向阀控制主动轴可动锥盘做轴向位移,金属带推拉从动轴可动锥盘轴向位移,实现主动锥轮和从动锥轮工作直径大小的连续改变。此液压控制回路金属带式无级变速器已形成量产的,有日产专利XTYONC-CVT无级变速器,应用车型:东风日产、天籁、奇骏、轩逸等。
金属带式无级变速器的核心部件是金属带,它的功能是配合锥轮传递扭矩,实现无级变速,现有液压控制回路的技术缺陷是大压运行、加压变速。金属带传递扭矩的先决条件是主动轴锥轮和从动轴锥轮与金属带之间产生足够传递上级动力输入扭矩的摩擦力,摩擦力源于油缸施加金属带的夹紧力。不变速时,主动轴油缸对金属带不施加工作夹紧力,金属带和主动轴锥轮之间的摩擦力是从动轴油缸施加金属带工作夹紧力形成分力生成的,金属带和锥轮的接触面一般取11°。在静态下,金属带和主动轴锥轮之间的切向摩擦力大小是:从动轴油缸施加金属带工作夹紧力乘以sin11°,是从动轴油缸直接施加金属带两侧之间生成切向摩擦力的1/5.24。可见要主动轴锥轮与金属带正常传递额定扭矩,需从动轴油缸施加金属带的夹紧力大于其能正常传递额定扭矩的5.24倍。汽车加速时,主动轴油缸对金属带施加大于工作夹紧力的动力,才能推拉从动轴油缸可动锥盘轴向位移缩小工作直径,金属带是小块摩擦片的组合,变速过程是动态中加动态,夹紧力成倍变化,金属带扭曲变形变态大,磨损大,极大地消减着金属带的使用寿命。
为了在金属带式无级变速器液压控制回路中消减大压运行,加压变速,降低动力油耗,本发明提供一种四油缸通路金属带式无级变速器。
发明内容
本发明解决技术问题的技术方案是:液压控制回路中采用了弹簧做油压源,主动轴油缸、从动轴油缸、中间油缸、压力油缸四油缸通路,主动轴油缸和从动轴油缸缸径相等、活塞杆同直径,主动轴油缸和从动轴油缸同时对金属带施加相等工作夹紧力,电控液压换向阀控制变速油缸推动中间油缸位移,迫使主、从动轴油缸生成压力差,驱使主动轴可动锥盘、从动轴可动锥盘在大气压和金属带的推拉下相随同步移动,实现主动轴锥轮和从动轴锥轮工作直径的大小连续改变。
本发明的用途及有益效果是:采取了主动轴油缸、从动轴油缸、中间油缸、压力油缸四油缸通路,金属带连接主动轴可动锥盘、从动轴可动锥盘,形成机动液控闭环通路;主动轴油缸、从动轴油缸缸径相等、活塞杆同直径,变速时主、从动轴油缸等量同体积进出油,缩小了金属带工作运动中倾斜、扭曲、变形变态。同样的金属带,同等传递扭矩,成倍地提高了金属带的使用寿命。
弹簧做油压源,变速器在不变速状态下运行,主、从动轴油缸油压相等。变速的途径是,油泵压力油推动变速油缸拖动中间油缸活塞位移,驱使主动轴可动锥盘或从动轴可动锥盘在大气压和金属带的推拉下相随同步移动。增变速时,主动轴油缸进油增压,从动轴油缸降压出油。
弹簧做油压源,消除了金属带式变速器现有技术在液压控制回路中,主、从动轴油缸对金属带施加工作夹紧力所需的高压力、大流量油耗。
汽车行驶在泥泞、沟坎、爬坡的路面上需要低速、低油耗、大扭矩;行驶在高速公路、等级路面上需要快速、低油耗。机械变速器的功能是变速变扭,传动比大,有利于发挥汽车的经济性、动力性,是节能减排的有效途径。单级金属带传动比小,本发明设置了副变速机构,加大了传动比。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1是四油缸通路金属带式无级变速器传动装配图。
图2是四油缸通路金属带式无级变速器机动液控示意图。
图中:1、输入轴,2、双行星齿轮机构,3、倒车油缸,4、倒车离合器,5、前进离合器,6、前进油缸,7、主动轴油缸,8、主动轴可动锥盘,9、金属带,10、主动轴锥轮,11、主动轴,12、从动轴锥轮,13、从动轴可动锥盘,14、从动轴,15、从动轴油缸,16、压力油缸,17、中间油缸,18、变速油缸,19、副变速器低速传动齿轮,20、副变速器高速传动齿轮,21、差速器,22、油泵,23、溢流阀,24、M型三位四通电控换向阀,25、K型三位四通电控换向阀。
具体实施方式
在图1中,动力扭矩机动输入、输出的路线是:
动力经输入轴(1)输入,通过双行星齿轮机构(2),经倒车油缸(3)作用倒车离合器(4);或经前进油缸(6)作用前进离合器(5),传递到主动轴(11)上,经主动轴锥轮(10) 通过金属带(9)传递到从动轴锥轮(12)上,由从动轴(14)经副变速器低速传动齿轮(19) 或副变速器高速传动齿轮(20)传递到差速器(21)输出。
在图1图2中,液控无级变速路线是:
压力油缸(16)生成压力油,作用于主动轴油缸(7)、从动轴油缸(15)对金属带形型成工作夹紧力,同时作用于中间油缸(17)平衡缩减变速压力差。
油泵(22)生成压力油,经溢流阀(23)控压,一路经K型三位四通电控换向阀(25)通过前进油缸(6)作用前进离合器(5);或经倒车油缸(3)作用倒车离合器(4),实现汽车换向。另一路经M型三位四通电控换向阀(24`)通过变速油缸(18)拖动中间油缸(17),实现汽车变速。
汽车增速,中间油缸(17)左腔出油右腔等量进油,从动轴油缸(15)等量出油,主动轴油缸(7)等量进油,位移主动轴可动锥盘(8)、从动轴可动锥盘(13),主动轴锥轮(10) 工作直径增大,从动轴锥轮(12)工作直径缩小。
汽车减速,中间油缸(17)右腔出油,左腔等量进油,主动轴油缸(7)等量出油,从动轴油缸(15)等量进油,位移从动轴可动锥盘(13)、主动轴可动锥盘(8),主动轴锥轮(10) 工作直径缩小,从动轴锥轮(12)工作直径增大。

Claims (1)

1.一种四油缸通路金属带式无级变速器,其特征在于,液压控制回路中采用了弹簧做油压源,主动轴油缸、从动轴油缸、中间油缸、压力油缸四油缸通路,主动轴油缸和从动轴油缸缸径相等、活塞杆同直径,主动轴油缸和从动轴油缸同时对金属带施加相等工作夹紧力,电控液压换向阀控制变速油缸推动中间油缸位移,迫使主、从动轴油缸生成压力差,驱使主动轴可动锥盘、从动轴可动锥盘在大气压和金属带的推拉下相随同步移动,实现主动轴锥轮和从动轴锥轮工作直径的大小连续改变;
动力扭矩输入、输出的路线是:
动力经输入轴输入,通过双行星齿轮机构,经倒车油缸作用倒车离合器或经前进油缸作用前进离合器,传递到主动轴上,经主动轴锥轮通过金属带传递到从动轴锥轮上,由从动轴经副变速器低速传动齿轮或副变速器高速传动齿轮传递到差速器输出;
液控无级变速路线是:
压力油缸生成压力油,作用于主动轴油缸、从动轴油缸,对金属带形成工作夹紧力,同时作用于中间油缸平衡缩减变速压力差;
油泵生成压力油,经溢流阀控压,一路经K型三位四通电控换向阀通过前进油缸作用前进离合器或经倒车油缸作用倒车离合器,实现汽车换向,另一路经M型三位四通电控换向阀通过变速油缸拖动中间油缸,实现汽车变速;
汽车增速,中间油缸左腔出油,右腔等量进油,从动轴油缸等量出油,主动轴油缸等量进油,位移主动轴可动锥盘、从动轴可动锥盘,主动轴锥轮工作直径增大,从动轴锥轮工作直径缩小;
汽车减速,中间油缸右腔出油,左腔等量进油,主动轴油缸等量出油,从动轴油缸等量进油,位移从动轴可动锥盘、主动轴可动锥盘,主动轴锥轮工作直径缩小,从动轴锥轮工作直径增大。
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB946922A (en) * 1959-03-06 1964-01-15 Werner Reimers Improvements in and relating to control means for infinitely variable conical pulleyfriction gears
NL9002530A (nl) * 1989-11-21 1991-06-17 Luk Lamellen & Kupplungsbau Kegelschijvenriemtransmissie met gescheiden circuits voor de koppel- en de overbrengings-afhankelijke druk.
DE4203363C1 (de) * 1992-02-06 1993-10-21 Piv Antrieb Reimers Kg Werner Kegelscheibengetriebe, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge
CN201212550Y (zh) * 2008-07-01 2009-03-25 重庆工学院 无级变速器电动调速装置
CN205639153U (zh) * 2016-05-05 2016-10-12 仁兴机械(佛山)有限公司 一种增压装置、液压系统及机械设备

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB946922A (en) * 1959-03-06 1964-01-15 Werner Reimers Improvements in and relating to control means for infinitely variable conical pulleyfriction gears
NL9002530A (nl) * 1989-11-21 1991-06-17 Luk Lamellen & Kupplungsbau Kegelschijvenriemtransmissie met gescheiden circuits voor de koppel- en de overbrengings-afhankelijke druk.
DE4203363C1 (de) * 1992-02-06 1993-10-21 Piv Antrieb Reimers Kg Werner Kegelscheibengetriebe, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge
CN201212550Y (zh) * 2008-07-01 2009-03-25 重庆工学院 无级变速器电动调速装置
CN205639153U (zh) * 2016-05-05 2016-10-12 仁兴机械(佛山)有限公司 一种增压装置、液压系统及机械设备

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