CN109025985A - Experimental simulation device based on multiple-limb hole technology exploitation hydrate - Google Patents
Experimental simulation device based on multiple-limb hole technology exploitation hydrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN109025985A CN109025985A CN201811091901.0A CN201811091901A CN109025985A CN 109025985 A CN109025985 A CN 109025985A CN 201811091901 A CN201811091901 A CN 201811091901A CN 109025985 A CN109025985 A CN 109025985A
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002365 multiple layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 143
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241001269238 Data Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 9
- NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane clathrate Chemical compound C.C.C.C.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013475 authorization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XQCFHQBGMWUEMY-ZPUQHVIOSA-N Nitrovin Chemical compound C=1C=C([N+]([O-])=O)OC=1\C=C\C(=NNC(=N)N)\C=C\C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)O1 XQCFHQBGMWUEMY-ZPUQHVIOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of experimental simulation device based on multiple-limb hole technology exploitation hydrate, including multiple-limb hole production unit, temperature conditioning unit, gas injection unit, liquid injection unit, outlet separate measurement unit, gas recovery unit and data acquisition process unit, data acquisition unit acquires the related datas such as temperature conditioning unit, gas injection unit and liquid injection unit, and realizes the control to temperature conditioning unit, gas injection unit and liquid injection unit；Multiple-layer horizontal branched hole is laid around by using the mode of the lateral aperture in center main shaft net, horizontal branch hole is moved by center main shaft mesh belt and is depressured progress hydrate exploitation jointly, hydrate reservoir drainage area is effectively increased using the design form in multiple-limb hole, can full simulation hydrate reservoir formed, it lays in multiple-limb hole, the decompression of multiple-limb hole, sand control is anti-blocking, and the processes such as air-water-sand separation, to understand sea area hydrate multiple-limb hole production efficiency in detail, it produces feature etc. and full and accurate experimental data is provided, and then the high-efficiency mining to realize hydrate, evaluating production capacity, development plan and process design optimization are provided fundamental basis.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ocean gas hydrate development of resources experimental study fields, and in particular to one kind is based on multiple-limb
Hole technology exploits the experimental simulation device of hydrate, and the hydrate exploitation yield-increasing technology to establish novel provides simulated experiment and puts down
Platform.
Background technique
Existing the survey showed that, and Gas Hydrate Resources are huge, and estimate reserves are at least conventional petroleum natural gas
2 times of summation.In the natural gas hydrate resources preservation Yu Haiyang in the whole world 99%, therefore establish the ocean natural gas of high efficient and reliable
Hydrate pilot production technology is the key that realize that resource commercialization utilizes.So far, Japan and China successively implement sea three times
Domain natural gas hydrate resources pilot production is the technological design carried out based on the decompression exploitation of single vertical well.Pilot production result
Under the conditions of showing the prior art, in-coarse sand have hypertonic ability be most suitable for pilot production hydrate reservoir, hydrate deposit
And its it is to pass through the most that the I class reservoir containing two phase flow (free gas, Free water) that underlies, which is the highest Reservoir type of gas production, voltage drop method,
Help effective mining technology project.
But serious efficiency is also exposed by pilot production three times, the acquired production gas of current single well decompression
Amount, is difficult to meet commercialized demand in medium coarse sand reservoir, it is therefore necessary to develop new yield-increasing technique.More points at present
Branch hole mostly uses in every layer of gas, coal bed gas, shale gas and conventional gas and oil, for example, Authorization Notice No. is
Multilateral well productivity simulation system disclosed in the patent of invention of [CN104196527B] and multilateral well productivity simulation experimental method,
Authorization Notice No. is the orientation of this coal bed gas extraction multiple-limb hole disclosed in the patent of invention of [CN103437705B], fast pore-creating
Device and Authorization Notice No. be multilateral well productivity test device disclosed in the new patent of [CN207080216U] etc. also all
Serve the fields such as oil gas, coal-bed gas exploitation.
It is different from conventional gas and oil exploitation field, in ocean gas hydrate development of resources research field, since it is answered
With the difference of field, high pressure low temperature environment, hydrate pilot production simulated experiment process etc., the design of multiple-limb hole and application also by
To many limitations.It is proposed that the experimental provision of hydrate is exploited in a kind of simulation the present invention is based on multiple-limb hole technology creation, when
After pit shaft enters hydrate reservoir, multiple-limb hole is laid around by way of lateral aperture, branch is driven by main hole
Hole is depressured jointly carries out hydrate exploitation, and advantage is that multiple-limb hole is capable of increasing hydrate reservoir drainage area, to be promoted
Yield, can full simulation hydrate reservoir be formed, multiple-limb hole is laid, the decompression of multiple-limb hole, sand control is anti-blocking and air-water-
The processes such as sand separation provide full and accurate experiment number to understand sea area hydrate multiple-limb hole production efficiency, production feature etc. in detail
According to important researching value and practical significance.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of experimental simulation device based on multiple-limb hole technology exploitation hydrate, by using at center
The mode of the lateral aperture of main shaft net lays multiple-limb hole around, effectively to increase hydrate reservoir drainage area, to mention
Rise yield, and the device can full simulation hydrate reservoir formed, multiple-limb hole lay, multiple-limb hole decompression, sand control it is anti-blocking,
And the processes such as air-water-sand separation, it is provided in detail to understand sea area hydrate multiple-limb hole production efficiency, production feature etc. in detail
Real experimental data has important researching value and practical significance.
The present invention is achieved by the following scheme, and the experimental simulation device of hydrate is exploited based on multiple-limb hole technology,
Including multiple-limb hole production unit, temperature conditioning unit, gas injection unit, liquid injection unit, outlet separate measurement unit, gas
Recovery unit and data acquisition process unit, the data acquisition process unit acquire temperature conditioning unit, gas injection unit, liquid
Injection unit, the related data for exporting separate measurement unit and gas recovery unit, and realize and list is injected to temperature conditioning unit, gas
The control of member and liquid injection unit；
The temperature conditioning unit uses constant water bath box, and multiple-limb hole production unit is arranged in constant water bath box, for the reality
The chief component of experiment device is generation, the exploitation place of gas hydrates, and multiple-limb hole production unit includes reaction
Kettle, center main shaft net and the multiple-layer horizontal Multilateral Wells axially vertical with center main shaft net；The reaction kettle includes reaction kettle cylinder
Body and the flange being connect with reaction kettle barrel by fastening bolt, reaction kettle barrel connect with flange seal and form a reaction
Chamber, is provided with top air plenum, back-up sand layer and bottom air plenum in reaction chamber, back-up sand layer be located at top air plenum and bottom air plenum it
Between, the upper and lower ends of back-up sand layer are provided with permeable watertight film, back-up sand layer can be effectively prevent using the design of upper and lower two thin walls
And internal water storage penetrates, and guarantees that methane gas large area is permeated from bottom to top in conjunction with top air plenum and bottom air plenum, connects air water
Contacting surface product is bigger, accelerates hydrate generating rate, and the center main shaft net is vertically arranged in the intermediate position of reaction chamber, center
One end of main shaft net extends to back-up sand layer, and the other end stretches out reaction kettle barrel, is provided with along the short transverse of center main shaft net more
Layer horizontal branch well mounting hole, it is corresponding on horizontal branch well mounting hole to be provided with horizontal branch well, the length of horizontal branch well,
Perforation size, perforating site, perforation type can be according to experimental designs, and horizontal branch well is with center main shaft net using push-in O-shaped
Circle sealing, can be changed quickly horizontal branch well；It is additionally provided with the fluid interface being connected with liquid injection unit on reaction kettle barrel,
The bottom of flange is provided with the gas inlet being connected with gas injection unit；
The gas injection unit includes that gas cylinder, first gas compress cell, high pressure gas storage tank, gas pressure reducer are gentle
Flowmeter body, the gas cylinder successively pass through first gas compress cell, high pressure gas storage tank, gas pressure reducer and gas flowmeter
It is connected with the gas inlet of reaction kettle, first gas compress cell includes silent air compressor and gas booster pump, gas decompression
Valve realizes the adjusting to reaction kettle internal gas pressure；The liquid injection unit to for experiment required liquid is provided, including
Piston container and constant speed and constant pressure pump, constant speed and constant pressure pump are connected with the fluid interface of reaction kettle through piston container, contain in piston container
There is fluid needed for testing and realize the thermostatic control to fluid, the constant speed and constant pressure pump injects pressure according to the liquid of experiment setting
Power, charge velocity, the fluid injection into reaction kettle, and add up instantaneous cumulative amount, realize the control to fluid pressure in reaction kettle；
The outlet separate measurement unit is connected with the extraction mouth of center main shaft net, to the natural gas exploited and to take
The water of band, solid deposits are separated and are measured, and outlet separate measurement unit includes solid separating device, filter, back pressure
Control unit, gas-liquid separator and electronic balance；The input terminal of solid separating device is connected with the extraction mouth of center main shaft net,
Output end is successively connected through filter, back pressure control unit with the entrance of gas-liquid separator, and the back pressure control unit includes back
Pressure valve and tracking pump；Solid deposits are separated with gas, liquid using sedimentation plus filter type, and the solid deposits of collection are taken out
It is measured after drying by electronic balance, using density, different, gravitational method is separated for gas-liquid separation, and liquid is received in lower part after separation
Collect and passes through electronic balance real time measure；
The gas recovery unit carries out metering to the gas for realizing to extraction and ties the gas of extraction or experiment
Residual gas after beam inside reaction kettle is recycled, including gas-drying apparatus, gas mass flow meter and second gas pressurization
Unit, the gas-drying apparatus are connected with the outlet of the top gas of gas-liquid separator, and gas-drying apparatus is successively through gas mass flow
Meter and second gas compress cell are connected with gas cylinder, realize gas recycling.
Further, uniformly distributed in the reaction kettle to have several test points, pressure biography is installed at the test point
Sensor, temperature sensor and resistance test electrode, for realizing the inspection to the fluid state (water, gas and water close object) at test point
Judgement is surveyed, pressure sensor, temperature sensor and resistance test electrode are installed in the same connector, facilitate positioning, installation
With maintenance.
Further, load-bearing partition, the installation of permeable watertight diaphragm are additionally provided on the outside of the permeable watertight film
Between load-bearing partition and back-up sand layer, the load-bearing partition uses the filter plate of porous media sintering, is provided with multiple logical
Hole load-bearing but also can quickly, uniformly breathe freely, while can also protect permeable watertight film.
Further, the horizontal branch well uses slot well or perforated hole, can be needed to design different size according to experiment
Horizontal branch well (such as width of slot well, length, spacing, perforation diameter, density, the spacing of perforated hole), and in water
The perforation of flat Multilateral Wells or the lateral root of slot factually test the sand control unit for needing to install different size.
Further, upper layer and lower layer are arranged in the horizontal branch well, and every layer is evenly arranged with 6 horizontal branch wells, with
Center main shaft net is connected, and is axially perpendicular to center main shaft net, specifically in experiment, can choose and installs water in any position
Flat Multilateral Wells, for example installation single layer is single, single layer is multiple, multilayer is multiple, does not install the horizontal branch well pattern peace of horizontal branch well
It fills hole to block by special joint, reaches independent assortment decompression exploitation.
Further, the solid separator separates for realizing the solid of center main shaft net extraction mouth, including upper filtering
Cylinder and lower sand-precipitating tube, are provided with a valve between upper cartridge filter and lower sand-precipitating tube, the side of upper cartridge filter be provided with fluid inlet,
Top surface is provided with fluid outlet, and internal fluid outlet is provided with coarse filtration filter, mainly by way of settling, filtering
The gravel that makes to shake out is settled and is collected, it is final it is dry after measured by electronic balance.
Further, the gas-liquid separator is to realize the gas-liquid fluid of reaction kettle extraction mouth into separation, gas-liquid separation
The top-side of device is provided with gas-liquid entrance, top is provided with gas vent, is internally provided with umbrella separator, through internal umbrella
Liquid sedimentation is collected by closed container and is produced by electronic balance real time measure liquid to bottom under the effect of gravity after separator
Amount, gas is exported through top gas to flow out, and is measured by gas mass flow meter.
Further, the inside of the horizontal branch well is additionally provided with constant temperature electric heating tube, avoids hydrate in level point
Blocking well pattern is generated inside branch well pattern and main shaft net, when being depressured exploitation, and can prevent water caused by absorbing heat because of decomposition of hydrate
Divide equally inside branch well pattern and main shaft net because of cooling frost, blocking.
Further, the reaction kettle will react kettle barrel by fastening bolt and be connected with flange, and use radial seal
The two sides of ring sealing, the reaction kettle barrel are symmetrically arranged with runing rest, are revolved manually by the decelerating motor of locking device
Turn, convenient for reaction kettle installation, disassemble and maintain.
Compared with prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are:
The experimental simulation device combination multiple-limb hole technology that this programme is proposed carries out innovation in hydrate exploitation field and sets
Meter expands hydrate payzone drainage area, the reality carried out based on center main shaft net+multiple-layer horizontal Multilateral Wells design form
The process flow that can completely simulate multiple-limb hole exploitation hydrate is tested, the hydrate exploitation yield-increasing technology to establish novel mentions
For simulation experiment platform.The present apparatus can full simulation hydrate reservoir be formed, multiple-limb hole is laid, the decompression of multiple-limb hole, is prevented
Sand is anti-blocking and the processes such as air-water-sand separation and metering, thus for understand in detail sea area hydrate multiple-limb hole production efficiency,
It produces feature, flow assurance etc. and full and accurate experimental data is provided, for high-efficiency mining, the evaluating production capacity, exploitation side for realizing hydrate
Case and process design optimization are provided fundamental basis.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is experimental simulation device schematic diagram described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of reaction kettle described in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is top air plenum overlooking structure diagram described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is center of embodiment of the present invention main shaft web frame schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is the first structure diagram of horizontal branch well described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the second structural schematic diagram of horizontal branch well described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the third structural schematic diagram of horizontal branch well described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the 4th structural schematic diagram of horizontal branch well described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the 5th structural schematic diagram of horizontal branch well described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 10 is joint structure schematic diagram at measuring point described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 11 is son-in-law's cyclone separator arrangement schematic diagram described in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to which the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention is more clearly understood, with reference to the accompanying drawing and implement
The present invention will be further described for example.It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, in embodiments herein and embodiment
Feature can be combined with each other.
Embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, a kind of experimental simulation device based on multiple-limb hole technology exploitation hydrate, including number
According to acquisition process unit, multiple-limb hole production unit, temperature conditioning unit, gas injection unit, liquid injection unit, outlet separation meter
Measure unit, gas recovery unit and data acquisition process unit, the data acquisition process unit acquisition temperature conditioning unit, gas note
Enter unit, liquid injection unit, the related data for exporting separate measurement unit and gas recovery unit, and realizes to temperature control list
The control of member, gas injection unit and liquid injection unit, specific:
The temperature conditioning unit uses constant water bath box 2, and multiple-limb hole production unit is arranged in constant water bath box 2, and more points
Branch hole production unit is the chief component of the imitative experimental appliance, is generation, the exploitation place of gas hydrates, such as schemes
Shown in 2, multiple-limb hole production unit includes reaction kettle 1, center main shaft net 4 and horizontal branch well 10, horizontal branch well 10
Multilayer is provided in 4 short transverse of center main shaft net, and horizontal branch well 10 is axially perpendicular to center main shaft net 4, it is described anti-
It answers kettle 1 to include reaction kettle barrel 11 and passes through the flange 12 that fastening bolt 13 is connect with reaction kettle barrel 11, react kettle barrel
11 are tightly connected with flange 12 and are formed a reaction chamber 3, are additionally provided on reaction kettle barrel 11 and are connected with liquid injection unit
Fluid interface 16, the bottom of flange is provided with the gas inlet 17 being connected with gas injection unit；Setting in reaction chamber 3
There are top air plenum 5, back-up sand layer and bottom air plenum 6, back-up sand layer is between top air plenum 5 and bottom air plenum 6, in the upper of back-up sand layer
Lower both ends are provided with permeable watertight film 14, back-up sand layer and internal water storage can be effectively prevent to wear using the design of upper and lower two thin walls
Thoroughly, guarantee that methane gas large area is permeated from bottom to top in conjunction with top air plenum 5 and bottom air plenum 6, keep gas-water contact area bigger,
Accelerate hydrate generating rate, moreover, the outside of the permeable watertight film 14 is additionally provided with load-bearing partition, the outside is
Refer to the side far from back-up sand layer, permeable watertight diaphragm is mounted between load-bearing partition and back-up sand layer, as shown in connection with fig. 3, described
Load-bearing partition uses the filter plate of porous media sintering, is provided with air hole 15 on filter plate, can load-bearing it is again quick, uniform
It is ventilative, while permeable watertight film 14 can also be protected.
With continued reference to Fig. 2, the center main shaft net 4 is vertically arranged in the intermediate position of reaction chamber 3, center main shaft net 4
One end extend to back-up sand layer, the other end stretches out reaction kettle barrel 11, as shown in figure 4, the short transverse along center main shaft net 4 is set
It is equipped with multiple-layer horizontal Multilateral Wells mounting hole 41, it is corresponding on the horizontal branch well mounting hole 41 to be provided with horizontal branch well 10,
The upper end of center main shaft net, which is provided with, to be separated with outlet the connected first interface 42 of metering units and is connected with vacuum unit
Second interface 43, upper layer and lower layer are arranged in horizontal branch well 10 altogether in the present embodiment, and every layer is evenly arranged with 6 horizontal branch
Well is connected with center main shaft net 4, and is axially perpendicular to center main shaft net 4, specifically in experiment, can choose any one
Horizontal branch well is installed in position, for example installation single layer is single, single layer is multiple, multilayer is multiple, does not install the level of horizontal branch well
Branch's well pattern mounting hole is blocked by special joint, reaches independent assortment decompression exploitation；And in the present embodiment, described horizontal point
Zhi Jing uses slot well or perforated hole, as shown in figures 5-9, can need to design the horizontal branch well of different size according to experiment, such as
The width of the slot 101 of slot well, length, spacing (as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6), 102 diameter of perforation of perforated hole, density,
Spacing (as Figure 7-9), and factually test in the perforation of horizontal branch well or the lateral root of slot and need to install different size
Sand control unit (filter screen).In the present embodiment, searches book horizontal branch well and center main shaft net and sealed using push-in O-ring, it can
Quick-replaceable horizontal branch well.
In the present embodiment, continue to refer to figure 1, the gas injection unit include gas cylinder 81, first gas compress cell 82,
High pressure gas storage tank 83, gas pressure reducer 84 and gas flowmeter 85, the gas cylinder 81 successively pass through first gas compress cell
82, high pressure gas storage tank 83, gas pressure reducer 84 and gas flowmeter 85 are connected with the gas inlet 17 of reaction kettle, the first gas
Body compress cell 82 includes silent air compressor and gas booster pump, and gas pressure reducer 84 is realized to reaction kettle internal gas pressure
It adjusts；The liquid injection unit is to provide required liquid, including piston container 91 and constant speed and constant pressure pump 92, constant speed for experiment
Constant pressure pump 92 is connected through piston container 91 with the fluid interface 16 of reaction kettle, and fluid needed for experiment is filled in piston container 91 is simultaneously real
Now to the thermostatic control of fluid, the constant speed and constant pressure pump 92 is according to liquid injection pressure, the charge velocity for testing setting, to reaction
Fluid injection in kettle, and add up instantaneous cumulative amount, realize the control to fluid pressure in reaction kettle；
The outlet separate measurement unit is connected with the extraction mouth of center main shaft net 1, to the natural gas exploited and
The water of carrying, solid deposits are separated and are measured, and outlet separate measurement unit includes solid separating device 71, filter
72, back pressure control unit 73, gas-liquid separator 74 and electronic balance 75；The input terminal and center main shaft net of solid separating device 71
1 extraction mouth is connected, and output end is successively connected through filter 72, back pressure control unit 73 with the entrance of gas-liquid separator 74,
The back pressure control unit 73 includes back-pressure valve and tracking pump；Solid deposits and gas, liquid are using sedimentation plus filter type
Separation, the solid deposits of collection are taken out is measured by electronic balance after drying, gas-liquid separation different, gravitational method using density
Separation, liquid in collective low and pass through electronic balance real time measure after separation；The gas recovery unit is to realize pair
The gas of extraction carries out metering and the residual gas inside reaction kettle after the gas of extraction or experiment is recycled (warp
It is stored in inside high pressure storage tank after the high pressure compression portion pressurization of low-pressure charging part and gas injection unit point), including gas is dry
Dry device 76, gas mass flow meter 77 and second gas compress cell 78, the gas-drying apparatus 76 and gas-liquid separator 74
Top gas outlet is connected, and gas-drying apparatus 76 is successively through gas mass flow meter 77 and second gas compress cell 78 and gas cylinder
81 are connected, and realize gas recycling.
Wherein, the solid separator 71 wraps as shown in figure 11 for realizing the solid separation of center main shaft net extraction mouth
Cartridge filter 711 and lower sand-precipitating tube 712 are included, a valve 713, upper filtering are provided between upper cartridge filter 711 and lower sand-precipitating tube 712
The side of cylinder 711 is provided with fluid inlet 714, top surface is provided with fluid outlet 715, and is provided with slightly in internal fluid outlet
Filter 716, solid separator pressure resistance 20MPa, volume 1000ml are filtered, entrance is not less than 6mm, is equipped with filtering at internal vent
Device 716, up and down detachably, material are 316 stainless steels, and the gravel that mainly makes to shake out by way of settling, filtering is settled and collected,
It is measured after final drying by electronic balance；Gas-liquid fluid of the gas-liquid separator 74 to realize reaction kettle extraction mouth
Into separation, the top-side of gas-liquid separator 74 is provided with gas-liquid entrance, top is provided with gas vent, is internally provided with umbrella
Separator, volume 1000ml, pressure-resistant 2Mpa, material 316L stainless steel, gas-liquid fluid is from gas-liquid separator top-side
Gas-liquid entrance enters, and liquid sedimentation is collected and by electricity to bottom by closed container under the effect of gravity after umbrella separator
Sub- balance real time measure liquid yield, gas is exported through top gas to flow out, and is measured by gas mass flow meter.
In addition, in order to avoid hydrate generates blocking well pattern, the level point inside horizontal branch well pattern and main shaft net
The inside of branch well 10 is additionally provided with constant temperature electric heating tube, when being depressured exploitation, with it can prevent because of decomposition of hydrate heat absorption caused by
Because of cooling frost, blocking inside horizontal branch well pattern and main shaft net.Reaction kettle described in this programme passes through fastening bolt for reaction kettle
Cylinder is connected with flange, and is sealed using radial seal ring, and the two sides of the reaction kettle barrel are symmetrically arranged with runing rest 20,
Can be manually rotated by the decelerating motor of locking device, convenient for reaction kettle installation, disassemble and maintain.
As shown in figs. 3 and 10, uniformly distributed in the reaction kettle to have several test points 18, pacify at the test point 18
Equipped with pressure sensor 181, temperature sensor 182 and resistance test electrode 183, for realizing to the fluid state at test point
The detection judgement of (water, gas and water close object), with reference to Figure 10, the pressure sensor 181, temperature sensor 182 and resistance test electricity
Pole 183 is installed in the same connector, and the connector includes pressure cap 184 and the pressure pad 185 with the cooperation of pressure cap 184, convenience
Positioning, installation, maintenance, wherein the size of reaction kettle can be designed as needed, for example, using having a size of φ 800mm ×
200mm, material selection 316L stainless steel, pressure-resistant 15MPa install 5*5*2 layers=50 test points, measuring point spacing in the present embodiment
130mm, i.e., by pressure sensor 181, temperature sensor 182 and resistance test electrode 183 by being inserted into deep different realizations
The double-deck measuring point is laid.
The experimental provision through this embodiment, can carry out following experimental implementation, to understand sea area hydrate in detail
Multiple-limb hole production efficiency, production feature etc. provide full and accurate experimental data:
(1) Gas Hydrate In Sea Areas is effectively simulated under laboratory environment generates decomposable process:
The present embodiment is equipped with permeable watertight film by designing above and below back-up sand layer, and upper and lower two thin walls design can be effective
It prevents back-up sand layer and internal water storage from penetrating, guarantees that methane gas large area is permeated from bottom to top in conjunction with top and the bottom gas chamber, make air-water
Contact area is bigger；Hydrate can be accelerated and be generated before entering reaction kettle by long coil pipe tube-cooled by injecting gas simultaneously.Point
By the arrangement of multilevel Multilateral Wells when solution, exploitation sweep area is increased, natural gas extraction rate can be increased.
(2) double-deck multilevel branch's well network design, realizes major diameter main borehole multiple-limb hole pressure reduction:
The present apparatus has upper and lower two layers multilevel Multilateral Wells mounting hole in short transverse design, and every layer is designed 6, all connects
It is connected to vertical centre main shaft net, sets decompression recovery pressure numerical value using automatic back pressure control device.It may be selected before experiment in office
Horizontal branch well is installed in one position, can the multiple installations of multilayer, being blocked using special joint for horizontal branch well is not installed, reach from
By combination decompression exploitation.By reducing hydrate layer pressure, makes it below hydrate and balance each other under the conditions of the regional temperature pressure
Power, so that hydrate be made to decompose the process that phase transformation generates methane gas from solid-state, experimental data can be most economical for design optimization
Efficient multiple-limb hole layout scheme provides foundation.
(3) multiple-limb hole has choke preventing function
Heating constant-temperature equipment design is carried inside multilevel branch's well pattern, avoids hydrate in horizontal branch well and center master
It is generated inside well pattern, blocks well pattern, when being depressured exploitation, absorbed heat prevented also from because of decomposition of hydrate, cause horizontal branch well pattern
With inside the main shaft net of center because cooling frost, blocking.
The sand control ability of branched hole mainly installs different sand control units on the outside of horizontal branch well, in conjunction with multilevel point
The arrangement of branch well pattern, different mining methods, in recovery process or after exploitation, collection is shaked out gravel, using swashing
Light Particle Size Analyzer measures sand grains diameter, measures sand production rate using electronic balance, passes through partial size and the weight evaluating sand prevention list of shaking out
The sand controlling result of member provides verifying to formulate hydrate pilot production sand control strategy.
(4) generation distribution, decomposition fluidised form etc. of the researching natural gas hydrate in uniform soft soil base, non-homogeneous model:
Temperature that the present apparatus is largely arranged in reaction kettle, pressure, resistance measurement point, equipped with 0.1% high-precision pressure
Inside sensor element model and fill the water, gas injection pressure；Pass through the high pressure gas mass flowmenter of entrance and the gas matter of outlet
Measure the methane gas volumetric quantities of flowmeter precise measurement disengaging model；Reach the constant speed and constant pressure of 0.001ml/min by precision
Pump liquid with precise control flow controls gas liquid ratio in turn.
(5) study different development schemes (heating exploitation, chemical injection, injects other fluids at different rate of pressure reduction exploitations),
Different hole pattern exploitations (well spacing position, perforating site, perforation spacing, perforation type etc.) are to gas hydrates recovery ratio
It influences:
Decompression exploitation is mainly realized using the back pressure control valve and automatic constant-pressure back pressure control pump of reaction kettle outlet, by returning
Pressure control system is realized constant speed, step-decreasing voltage or is depressured according to setting program and exploits；
Heat injection exploitation mainly maintains reaction kettle export pressure pressure invariable, and heating is pumped and carried by constant speed and constant pressure
The hot fluid of steady temperature is injected into inside reaction kettle by the piston container of temperature control according to certain rate, makes the temperature of injection region
Phase transformation is decomposed higher than Phase Equilibrium Temperature of the hydrate under the conditions of region pore water or atmospheric pressure and generates methane gas, is decomposed
Gas-liquid mixture afterwards is produced through multilevel branch's well pattern, back pressure part；
Chemical injection exploitation is that chemical agent is quantitatively adding to the natural gas of generation using constant speed and constant pressure pump and piston container
In hydrate, change the phase balance condition of gas hydrate synthesis, prevent the pore pressure on stratum and temperature condition are from meeting hydration
Object balances each other, so that decomposition of hydrate phase transformation generates methane gas and the method collected；
Other fluid displacements are injected, by injecting CO2Or other phase balance conditions for forming hydrate are lower than methane
Fluid, the methane gas in gas hydrates is cemented out and is collected.
Different hole pattern exploitations (well spacing position, perforating site, perforation spacing, perforation type etc.) are mainly vertically being led
Different multilevel branch's well pattern installation sites is designed on well, designs a variety of multilevel branch's well patterns (such as slot well, perforated hole),
Different size multilevel branch's well pattern (such as width of slot well, length, spacing, the perforation diameter of perforated hole, density,
Spacing).
As it can be seen that the process flow that hydrate is exploited in multiple-limb hole can be completely simulated by this experimental provision, to establish
Novel hydrate exploitation yield-increasing technology provides simulation experiment platform, and can for realize the high-efficiency mining of hydrate, evaluating production capacity,
Development plan and process design optimization provide important theoretical basis.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, being not that the invention has other forms of limitations, appoint
What those skilled in the art changed or be modified as possibly also with the technology contents of the disclosure above equivalent variations etc.
It imitates embodiment and is applied to other fields, but without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, according to the technical essence of the invention
Any simple modification, equivalent variations and remodeling to the above embodiments, still fall within the protection scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the experimental simulation device based on multiple-limb hole technology exploitation hydrate, which is characterized in that exploited including multiple-limb hole single
Member, temperature conditioning unit, gas injection unit, liquid injection unit, outlet separate measurement unit, gas recovery unit and data acquisition
Processing unit, the data acquisition process unit acquisition temperature conditioning unit, gas injection unit, liquid injection unit, outlet separation
The related data of metering units and gas recovery unit, and realize to temperature conditioning unit, gas injection unit and liquid injection unit
Control；
The temperature conditioning unit uses constant water bath box, and multiple-limb hole production unit is arranged in constant water bath box, and multiple-limb hole is opened
Adopting unit includes reaction kettle, center main shaft net and the multiple-layer horizontal Multilateral Wells axially vertical with center main shaft net；The reaction kettle
Including reaction kettle barrel and the flange being connect with reaction kettle barrel by fastening bolt, reaction kettle barrel is connect with flange seal
And form a reaction chamber, be equipped with top air plenum, back-up sand layer and bottom air plenum in reaction chamber, back-up sand layer be located at top air plenum with
Between bottom air plenum, the upper and lower ends of back-up sand layer are provided with permeable watertight film, the center main shaft net is vertically arranged in
The intermediate position of reaction chamber, one end of center main shaft net extend to back-up sand layer, and the other end stretches out reaction kettle barrel, along center master
The short transverse of well pattern is provided with multiple-layer horizontal Multilateral Wells mounting hole, and the corresponding level that is provided with is divided on horizontal branch well mounting hole
Zhi Jing；It is additionally provided with the fluid interface being connected with liquid injection unit on reaction kettle barrel, the bottom of flange is provided with and gas
The connected gas inlet of injection unit；
The gas injection unit includes gas cylinder, first gas compress cell, high pressure gas storage tank, gas pressure reducer and gas stream
Meter, the gas cylinder successively pass through first gas compress cell, high pressure gas storage tank, gas pressure reducer and gas flowmeter and anti-
The gas inlet of kettle is answered to be connected, gas pressure reducer realizes the adjusting to reaction kettle internal gas pressure；The liquid injection is single
Member includes that piston container and constant speed and constant pressure pump, and constant speed and constant pressure pump is connected through piston container with the fluid interface of reaction kettle, and piston holds
Fluid needed for testing is filled in device and realizes the thermostatic control to fluid, and the constant speed and constant pressure pump is infused according to the liquid of experiment setting
Enter the fluid injection into reaction kettle of pressure and charge velocity；
The outlet separate measurement unit is connected with the extraction mouth of center main shaft net, to the natural gas and carrying exploited
Water, solid deposits are separated and are measured, and outlet separate measurement unit includes solid separating device, filter, back pressure control
Unit, gas-liquid separator and electronic balance；The input terminal of solid separating device is connected with the extraction mouth of center main shaft net, output
End is successively connected through filter, back pressure control unit with the entrance of gas-liquid separator, and the back pressure control unit includes back-pressure valve
It is pumped with tracking；
The gas recovery unit to the gas for realizing to extraction carries out metering and terminates the gas of extraction or to experiment
The residual gas inside reaction kettle is recycled afterwards, including gas-drying apparatus, gas mass flow meter and second gas pressurization are single
Member, the gas-drying apparatus are connected with the outlet of the top gas of gas-liquid separator, and gas-drying apparatus is successively through gas mass flow
Meter and second gas compress cell are connected with gas cylinder, realize gas recycling.
2. the experimental simulation device according to claim 1 based on multiple-limb hole technology exploitation hydrate, it is characterised in that:
It is uniformly distributed in the reaction kettle to have several test points, be equipped at the test point pressure sensor, temperature sensor and
Resistance test electrode, for realizing the detection judgement to the fluid state at test point.
3. the experimental simulation device according to claim 1 based on multiple-limb hole technology exploitation hydrate, it is characterised in that:
The horizontal branch well uses slot well or perforated hole, and the slot well or perforated hole include plurality of specifications, and in horizontal branch
Sand control unit is installed on the outside of the perforation or slot of well.
4. the experimental simulation device according to claim 1 based on multiple-limb hole technology exploitation hydrate, it is characterised in that:
The inside of the horizontal branch well is additionally provided with constant temperature electric heating tube.
5. the experimental simulation device according to claim 1 based on multiple-limb hole technology exploitation hydrate, it is characterised in that:
Load-bearing partition is additionally provided on the outside of the permeable watertight film, permeable watertight diaphragm is mounted on load-bearing partition and back-up sand layer
Between, the load-bearing partition uses the filter plate of porous media sintering.
6. the experimental simulation device according to claim 1 based on multiple-limb hole technology exploitation hydrate, it is characterised in that:
Upper layer and lower layer are arranged in the horizontal branch well, and every layer is evenly arranged with 6 horizontal branch wells, and is connected with center main shaft net,
And it is axially perpendicular to center main shaft net.
7. the experimental simulation device according to claim 1 based on multiple-limb hole technology exploitation hydrate, it is characterised in that:
The solid separator separates for realizing the solid of center main shaft net extraction mouth, including upper cartridge filter and lower sand-precipitating tube, upper mistake
A valve is provided between filter cylinder and lower sand-precipitating tube, the side of upper cartridge filter is provided with fluid inlet, top surface is provided with fluid and goes out
Mouthful, and internal fluid outlet is provided with coarse filtration filter.
8. the experimental simulation device according to claim 1 based on multiple-limb hole technology exploitation hydrate, it is characterised in that:
To realize that reaction kettle produces the gas-liquid fluid of mouth into separation, the top-side of gas-liquid separator is provided with the gas-liquid separator
Gas-liquid entrance, top are provided with gas vent, are internally provided with umbrella separator.
9. the experimental simulation device according to claim 1 based on multiple-limb hole technology exploitation hydrate, it is characterised in that:
The two sides of the reaction kettle barrel are symmetrically arranged with runing rest.
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