CN113389543A - Sand prevention simulation test device for gas hydrate horizontal well exploitation - Google Patents
Sand prevention simulation test device for gas hydrate horizontal well exploitation Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane clathrate Chemical compound C.C.C.C.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title abstract description 21
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Natural products C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
- E21B43/08—Screens or liners
- E21B43/086—Screens with preformed openings, e.g. slotted liners
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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Abstract
The invention discloses a natural gas hydrate horizontal well exploitation sand prevention simulation test device which comprises a constant-speed constant-pressure plunger pump, a piston pressurization sand storage liquid container, a gas pressure stabilizing device, a sand prevention test reaction kettle, a solid-liquid separation device, a weighing device and a data acquisition module, wherein the piston pressurization sand storage liquid container is connected with the constant-speed constant-pressure plunger pump; the piston pressurization sand storage liquid container contains the sand mixing liquid, and the side wall of the bottom end of the piston pressurization sand storage liquid container is provided with an output port of the sand mixing liquid; the output ports of the gas pressure stabilizing device and the sand mixing liquid are communicated with the injection port of the reaction kettle, and the outlet end of the sand outlet pipe is correspondingly provided with a solid-liquid separation device. The device has the advantages of simple structure, consistent structural design with the actual exploitation well completion structure, capability of simulating the sand control effect under different well completion modes and sand control parameters, capability of realizing the slow sand production process of the sand control process under the action of simulating dynamic pressure difference and the three-dimensional radial flow condition of the horizontal well, study on the sand control effect conditions such as permeability, sand blocking capacity and the like of the sand control process and the sand control pipe and sand production quantity parameters, low processing cost and short test period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a low permeability reservoir sea area natural gas hydrate horizontal well exploitation sand prevention simulation test device.
Background
Natural gas hydrate, an ice-like solid formed by methane and other gases and water molecules under high pressure and low temperature conditions, is increasingly attracting much attention from countries in the world as the most ideal potential alternative energy in the new century. Natural gas hydrates are present in permafrost zones in polar regions and in sedimentary formations with a depth of 500m or more below the seabed for hundreds of meters, and are in a stable state in low-temperature and high-pressure environments. At present, a lot of researches are carried out at home and abroad based on the synthesis, decomposition and exploitation process methods of the natural gas hydrate, and most of experimental researches are still in the basic theoretical field of phase equilibrium and dynamics of the natural gas hydrate. In recent years, multiple hydrate pilot production projects are implemented abroad, and almost every pilot production of the natural gas hydrate is forced to be stopped due to serious sand production, so that the sand production problem of a hydrate reservoir stratum becomes a key factor for restricting effective and safe development of the natural gas hydrate.
At present, the field of oil and gas wells mainly studies on sand control modes used by medium and coarse sand reservoirs with particle sizes of more than 40 microns and developed sand control test devices, mainly in a liquid-solid or gas-solid two-phase flow state, but each sand control test device has respective characteristics and adaptability, and no sand control process test device can be used for reference for shale fine sand formations with poor cementing strength in natural gas hydrate exploitation reservoirs and gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow coupling under high pressure conditions in a horizontal well exploitation process. The sand production amount and the productivity of the gas hydrate horizontal well exploitation process under the action of the dynamic pressure difference are closely related to a sand prevention mode and sand blocking precision, and are also related to a series of factors such as sand grain size, shale content, clay mineral components in the shale, fluid viscosity, flow velocity, production pressure difference, pressure difference change gradient and the like, so that the process is a very complicated and interrelated influence process. Therefore, only by combining the actual conditions of a specific reservoir stratum or an exploitation station, the sand control process effect suitable for the reservoir stratum of the exploitation well or the station can be accurately and truly evaluated, and the specification and the parameters of the sand control medium are determined.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a natural gas hydrate horizontal well exploitation sand prevention simulation test device which can truly, accurately and reliably simulate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a natural gas hydrate horizontal well exploitation sand prevention simulation test device comprises a constant-speed constant-pressure plunger pump, a piston pressurization sand storage liquid container, a gas pressure stabilizing device, a sand prevention test reaction kettle, a solid-liquid separation device and a data acquisition module;
the piston pressurizing sand liquid storage container is of a cylinder structure with an opening at the upper end and a closed lower end, a cover body is covered at the opening, the rod part of the piston extends out through a through hole of the cover body, the head part of the piston is positioned in the inner cavity of the sand liquid storage container in a matching way, sand mixing liquid is filled in the piston pressurizing sand liquid storage container below the head part of the piston, a pressurizing hole is also formed in the cover body and is connected with a constant-speed constant-pressure plunger pump, and the liquid pumped in through the pressurizing hole drives the piston to move downwards along the inner cavity to transfer pressure to the sand mixing liquid; the bottom of the inner cavity is provided with a stirring blade, and a rotating shaft of the stirring blade extends out of a bottom plate hole of the piston pressurization sand storage liquid container and is connected with an electromagnetic stirring motor; an output port for the sand mixing liquid is arranged on the side wall of the bottom end of the piston pressurization sand liquid storage container;
the reaction kettle for the sand control test comprises a horizontal kettle body, a rectifying pipe, an outer sand control net pipe and an inner sand control net pipe are coaxially arranged in the kettle body, the kettle body comprises a kettle barrel, a left kettle cover and a right kettle cover are respectively sealed at two opening ends of the kettle barrel, a plurality of filling openings communicated with a cavity of the kettle barrel are uniformly and annularly arranged on the side wall of the kettle barrel, a left mounting groove is arranged in the middle of the inner side of the left kettle cover, a right mounting groove corresponding to the left mounting groove is arranged in the middle of the inner side of the right kettle cover, two ends of the inner sand control net pipe are respectively inserted and fixed in the left and right mounting grooves, two ends of the outer sand control net pipe are respectively provided with an end plug, the central parts of the two end plugs are provided with corresponding through holes, the outer sand control net pipe is sleeved and fixed at two ends of the inner sand control net pipe through the through holes, the two ends are respectively abutted against the corresponding groove opening end faces of the left and right mounting grooves, and a first annular space is formed between the inner side wall of the outer sand control net pipe and the outer side wall of the inner sand control net pipe, the first annular space is filled with sand blocking media, a rectifier tube is arranged between the inner wall of the kettle barrel and the outer side wall of the outer sand control net, two ends of the rectifier tube are respectively abutted against a left kettle cover and a right kettle cover, a second annular space is formed between the inner wall of the rectifier tube and the outer wall of the outer sand control net tube and is used for containing test reservoir sand or simulation reservoir sand, a third annular space is formed between the outer wall of the rectifier tube and the inner wall of the kettle barrel and is used for containing gas-liquid two-phase flow simulating gas-water flow characteristic of a natural gas hydrate reservoir, an installation hole communicated with the right installation groove is formed in the position, corresponding to the axis of the inner sand control net tube, of the right kettle cover, a sand outlet tube is installed in the installation hole and is communicated with the inner sand control net tube, and the outlet end of the sand outlet tube is provided with a solid-liquid separation device;
the output port of the sand mixing liquid and the gas pressure stabilizing device are communicated with the injection port; a valve, a flow sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged on a pipeline at an output port of the sand mixing liquid, a valve, a flow sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged on a pipeline at an outlet of the gas pressure stabilizing device, and a valve and a pressure sensor are arranged at each injection port; the device comprises a sand outlet pipe, a third annular space C, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor, wherein the third annular space C is communicated with the first annular space C, the right kettle cover of the kettle barrel is communicated with the second annular space B, a constant pressure opening valve control is arranged on the sand outlet pipe, and each valve, the pressure sensor and the flow sensor are in control connection with a data acquisition module.
Preferably, the sand mixing liquid is a similar formation fluid prepared by using a high molecular tackifier, distilled water and a sodium chloride solution, the viscosity of the similar fluid is the same as the viscosity and density of the formation fluid of a natural gas hydrate reservoir exploited by an actual horizontal well, reservoir sand with the median particle size of 9-15 microns is added into the similar fluid to prepare the sand mixing liquid with the sand content of 0.1% -1%, the size specification of the reservoir sand is 40-50 meshes, 50-60 meshes or 40-60 meshes, the sand control medium is filled to a thickness of 30-50mm, the dynamic pressure difference between an injection port of the reaction kettle and the outlet end of a sand outlet pipe is 5-10MPa, and the gas-water ratio is kept 165: 1.
preferably, the grain size specification of the sand control medium is 40 meshes-60 meshes, the packing thickness is 35mm, and the gas-water ratio is kept at 60: 1.
preferably, the number of the injection ports is at least eight, and the injection ports are arranged in a ring at regular intervals.
Preferably, the outer side of the flow dividing cover can be covered with a screen. .
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method can more obviously reflect the sand production rule of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow coupling effect, the response mechanism of the sand control medium and the sand control effect evaluation test of the natural gas hydrate in different stages of the horizontal well exploitation process under the action of the dynamic pressure difference; by adjusting the pressure difference and the flow of liquid and gas injection ports on the outer side of the kettle barrel and a sand outlet pipe at the right end of the kettle barrel, gas and sand mixing liquid are uniformly infiltrated into the test simulation reservoir after being subjected to the shunting action of the shunting cover, so that the process of infiltrating sand-carrying fluid with a certain sand ratio from a far-well reservoir to a well-entering zone in the exploitation process of the natural gas hydrate horizontal well is realized; the micro sand carried by the sand-carrying fluid flows into the sand control medium in the radial direction, under the effect that the sand control medium and the inner and outer sand control net pipes jointly block and screen, the sand-carrying fluid seeps and separates out in the sand control medium, meanwhile, part of the micro sand is blocked outside the sand control medium or is embedded into the pore throat of the sand control medium to form blockage, and part of the micro sand flows out of the sand outlet pipe through the pore throat of the sand control medium to enter the solid-liquid separation device. The method realizes simulation of the particle size and the mass of reservoir sand particles and the accumulated flow of gas and liquid carried out during gas and liquid seepage separation under the conditions of different pressure differences, injection flow rates, different sand control medium specifications, filling thickness, particle uniformity coefficients and other parameters, and simulates the sand yield, the sand yield rule and the productivity prediction under different depressurization schemes and different well completion sand control modes in the actual exploitation process of the natural gas hydrate horizontal well.
(2) The piston pressurization sand storage liquid container and the sand control test reaction kettle are provided with a plurality of temperature, pressure and flow sensor probe ports, so that the sand control, permeability test and sand production test processes of three-dimensional radial flow in the horizontal well exploitation process under the action of dynamic pressure difference can be dynamically monitored, and the pressure change and the corresponding seepage rule of each stage of the natural gas hydrate horizontal well exploitation sand control test can be analyzed.
(3) The invention has simple structure and consistent structural design with the actual exploitation well completion structure, can simulate different well completion modes and sand control effect evaluation tests under sand control parameters (the well completion modes comprise open hole sieve tube well completion, open hole gravel packing well completion, open hole pre-packing well completion, in-casing sieve tube well completion and in-casing gravel packing well completion, the sieve tube types comprise high-quality sieve tubes such as slots, wires, metal meshes and metal cotton), meets the requirement of realizing the slow sand production process of the sand control process under the condition of simulating three-dimensional radial flow of the horizontal well under the action of dynamic pressure difference, and researches the sand control effect conditions such as permeability, sand blocking capacity and the like and the sand production quantity parameters of the sand control process and the sand control pipe, and has the advantages of low processing cost, short test period and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the embodiments of the present invention, the embodiments will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a sand control test device for gas hydrate horizontal well exploitation.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a piston pressurizing sand storage fluid container of the natural gas hydrate horizontal well exploitation sand prevention test device.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a reactor barrel of the gas hydrate horizontal well exploitation sand prevention test device.
Detailed Description
The following description is given by way of example only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the sand prevention simulation test device for horizontal well exploitation of natural gas hydrate of the present invention comprises a constant-speed constant-pressure plunger pump 1, a piston pressurized sand storage liquid container 2, a gas pressure stabilizing device 3, a sand prevention test reaction kettle 4, a solid-liquid separation device 5 and a data acquisition module 6;
the piston pressurization sand liquid storage 2 container is of a cylindrical barrel structure with an opening at the upper end and a closed lower end, a cover body 21 is covered at the opening, the cover body is fixedly connected with the barrel through a screw, the rod part of the piston 22 extends out through a barrel axis perforation of the cover body 21, the head part of the piston 22 is positioned in an inner cavity of the sand liquid storage container in a matching way, sand mixing liquid is filled in the piston pressurization sand liquid storage container below the piston head part, a pressurization hole is also formed in the cover body, the pressurization hole is connected with a constant-speed constant-pressure plunger pump, and liquid pumped in through the pressurization hole drives the piston to move downwards along the inner cavity to transfer pressure to the sand mixing liquid; a stirring blade 20 of an electromagnetic stirring device 2A is arranged at the bottom axis of the inner cavity, and a rotating shaft of the stirring blade 20 extends out of a bottom plate hole of the piston pressurization sand storage liquid container and is connected with an electromagnetic stirring motor of the electromagnetic stirring device; an output port 21 for the mixed sand liquid is arranged on the side wall of the bottom end of the piston pressurization sand liquid storage container 2;
the reaction kettle 3 for the sand control test comprises a horizontal kettle body, wherein a rectifying pipe 31, an outer sand control net pipe 32 and an inner sand control net pipe 33 are coaxially arranged in the kettle body, the kettle body comprises a kettle barrel 301, a left kettle cover 302 and a right kettle cover 303 are respectively sealed at two open ends of the kettle barrel, at least eight injection ports 3011 communicated with the cavity of the kettle barrel are uniformly and annularly arranged on the side wall of the kettle barrel 301, the injection ports 3011 are respectively communicated with a gas pressure stabilizing device 4 and an output port 21 of a piston pressurization sand liquid storage container 2 through high-pressure nylon pipelines or stainless steel pressure-resistant pipelines, and can simultaneously intake air and liquid and selectively intake air and liquid only by opening valves of the corresponding injection ports on the side wall of the kettle barrel; a round left mounting groove is arranged in the middle of the inner side of the left kettle cover, and a round right mounting groove is arranged in the right kettle coverA right mounting groove corresponding to the left mounting groove is arranged in the middle of the side part, two ends of the inner sand control net pipe 33 are respectively inserted and fixed in the left and right mounting grooves, the inner sand control net pipe 33 is used for simulating inner wall holes or gaps of a horizontal well exploitation screen pipe or a pre-filling screen pipe, two ends of the outer sand control net pipe 32 are respectively provided with an end plug, the central part of the two end plugs is provided with a corresponding perforation, the outer sand control net pipe is used for simulating outer wall holes or gaps of the horizontal well exploitation pre-filling screen pipe, the outer sand control net pipe 32 is sleeved and fixed at two ends of the inner sand control net pipe 33 through the two perforations, the two end plugs are respectively propped against the notch end faces of the corresponding left and right mounting grooves, a first annular space is formed between the inner side wall of the outer sand control net pipe 32 and the outer side wall of the inner sand control net pipe 33, sand control media (quartz sand, ceramsite and other dispersion body and other body are filled in the first annular space, a rectifier pipe 31 is arranged between the inner wall of the kettle barrel and the outer sand control net, two ends of the rectifying tube 31 are respectively abutted against the left kettle cover and the right kettle cover, and the rectifying tube 31 is used for simulating the flowing and conducting characteristics of gas and water fluid produced after the hydrate reservoir in the far wellbore zone is decomposed to the reservoir in the near horizontal wellbore zone; a second annular space is formed between the inner wall of the rectifying pipe 31 and the outer wall of the outer sand control net pipe, and the second annular space is used for accommodating a test reservoir or a simulation reservoir (configured according to geomechanical parameters such as granularity distribution, separation coefficient, porosity, shale content and saturation of a reservoir to be exploited) around a simulated horizontal well; a third annular space is formed between the outer wall of the rectifying tube 31 and the inner wall of the kettle cylinder, the distance between the inner wall surface of the kettle cylinder and the outer wall of the rectifying tube 31 is not less than 8mm, the third annular space accommodates a process that gas-liquid sand-carrying fluid for simulating a certain sand ratio flows into a near-well stratum from a far-well reservoir stratum, and the gas-liquid two-phase flow is converted according to the equivalent principle of flow velocity (the gas-liquid flow ratio is about 165: 1, and the natural world and 1m in experimental exploitation are converted into a gas-liquid flow ratio3The natural gas hydrate is decomposed to produce 165m3Methane gas and 1m3The water is used for fully simulating the gas-water flow condition in the horizontal well exploitation process of the natural gas hydrate reservoir, and the water yield is 500m according to the reservoir thickness of 50m3Day, gas production 8 x 104m3The parameters required by the reduction test according to the flow rate equivalent principle are as follows: flow rate of liquid phase1000L/h, gas phase flow 60m3The test flow rate is far higher than the actual predicted yield so as to ensure that the coverage meets the actual mining conditions); a mounting hole communicated with the right mounting groove is formed in the position, corresponding to the axis of the inner sand control net pipe, of the right kettle cover, a sand outlet pipe 34 is mounted in the mounting hole, the sand outlet pipe 34 is communicated with the inner sand control net pipe 33, and an outlet end of the sand outlet pipe 34 is correspondingly provided with a solid-liquid separation device 5; the sand-water separator also comprises a weighing device 7 for weighing the sand separated from the solid-liquid separator, and the weighing device is in control connection with the data acquisition module.
The rectifying tube 31 is cylindrical, small holes or strip seams are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the rectifying tube, and a screen mesh with a certain mesh number can be covered on the outer side of the rectifying tube according to the test requirement; the rectifier tube has gas-liquid permeability and can prevent sand leaching of the test reservoir or the simulated reservoir in the third space C.
The output port of the sand mixing liquid and the gas pressure stabilizing device are communicated with the injection port; in order to implement dynamic monitoring on the sand prevention and sand production test process, the test parameter change of each stage of the gas hydrate horizontal well exploitation sand prevention test is analyzed; a valve, a flow sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged on a pipeline at an output port of the sand mixing liquid, a valve, a flow sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged on a pipeline at an outlet of the gas pressure stabilizing device, and a valve and a pressure sensor are arranged at each injection port; the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor which are communicated with the third annular space C are installed on the side wall of the kettle barrel, the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor which are communicated with the second annular space B are installed on the right kettle cover of the kettle barrel, a constant pressure opening valve is arranged on the sand outlet pipe for controlling, and each valve, the pressure sensor and the flow sensor are in control connection with the data acquisition module 6.
The method can more obviously reflect the sand production rule of the gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow coupling effect, the response mechanism of the sand control medium and the sand control effect evaluation test of the natural gas hydrate in different stages of the horizontal well exploitation process under the action of the dynamic pressure difference; the pressure difference and the flow of liquid and gas injection ports on the outer side of the kettle barrel and the sand outlet pipe at the right end of the kettle barrel can be adjusted, and the gas and the sand mixing liquid are subjected to shunting action through the shunting coverUniformly permeating into the test simulation reservoir to realize the seepage process of sand-carrying fluid with a certain sand ratio from a far well reservoir to a well entering zone in the exploitation process of the gas hydrate horizontal well; the micro sand carried by the sand-carrying fluid flows into the sand control medium in the radial direction, under the effect that the sand control medium and the inner and outer sand control net pipes jointly block and screen, the sand-carrying fluid seeps and separates out in the sand control medium, meanwhile, part of the micro sand is blocked outside the sand control medium or is embedded into the pore throat of the sand control medium to form blockage, and part of the micro sand flows out of the sand outlet pipe through the pore throat of the sand control medium to enter the solid-liquid separation device. The method realizes simulation of the particle size and the mass of reservoir sand particles and the accumulated flow of gas and liquid carried out during gas and liquid seepage separation under the conditions of different pressure differences, injection flow rates, different sand control medium specifications, filling thickness, particle uniformity coefficients and other parameters, and simulates the sand yield, the sand yield rule and the productivity prediction under different depressurization schemes and different well completion sand control modes in the actual exploitation process of the natural gas hydrate horizontal well. A large number of experiments prove that: the pressure difference is 5-10 MPa; liquid flow 1000L/h, gas flow 1m3The gas-water ratio is kept at 60; 1; a sand control medium having a particle size specification of 40-50 mesh (0.40-0.30mm), 40-60 mesh (0.40-0.25mm), or 50-60 mesh (0.30-0.25mm), preferably 40-60 mesh, packed to a thickness of between 30-50mm, preferably 35mm, with a sand control medium pack of about 4.4% sand production (4.4 g sand production per 100g reservoir sand); the permeability ratio of the sand control medium before and after the test is about 57 percent (the initial permeability before the test is 36 um)2The integral permeability of the sand control medium is about 20um after the test2) It has both sand-resisting and permeability properties.
The working principle of the reaction kettle for the natural gas hydrate exploitation sand prevention test is as follows: firstly, filling sand blocking media with different particle size specifications and different thicknesses into a first annular space, namely between an inner sand control net and an outer sand control net, and fully vibrating and compacting the sand blocking media to simulate a sand blocking medium filling layer for gas hydrate horizontal well exploitation; then, after the natural gas hydrate reservoir or the simulated reservoir in the area to be mined is fully stirred, the reservoir is filled into a second annular space, namely between the outer sand control net and the flow dividing cover, so as to simulate the stratum around the near horizontal well; after the operation is completed, the solid-liquid two-phase sand mixing liquid configured in the piston pressurization sand storage liquid container is fully stirred by the stirring motor, so that solid and liquid layering is prevented, solid-phase particles block an injection port at the bottom end of the piston pressurization sand storage liquid container, the dispersity of the solid-phase particles in the sand mixing liquid container is ensured, the consistency of the particle size distribution of the solid-phase particles of the sand mixing liquid injected into the sand prevention reaction kettle in the test process is ensured, and the phenomena that smaller-particle-size particles of the sand mixing liquid are injected in the early stage of the test, larger solid-phase particles in the sand mixing liquid are injected in the later stage of the test, and the test accuracy is influenced are avoided. The high-pressure gas (the gas-liquid two-phase flow is calculated according to the flow velocity equivalent principle and the ratio of the folded gas to the liquid flow is about 60: 1) output by the gas pressure stabilizing device is respectively injected into the sand prevention reaction kettle and is uniformly injected into a third annular space of the reaction kettle through a side wall injection opening of the kettle barrel, namely the annular space between the inner side of the kettle barrel 11 and the flow dividing cover, and the high-pressure gas and the liquid flow is used for simulating the process that gas-liquid sand-carrying fluid with a certain sand ratio flows into a near-well stratum from a far-well reservoir; controlling the pressure difference between the gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow in the reaction kettle barrel and the sand outlet pipe of the right kettle cover (simulating the actual mining pressure drop) by adjusting a valve of a gas-liquid two-phase flow pipeline arranged at the injection port of the reaction kettle; by measuring the data of temperature, pressure and flow sensors arranged on the injection port of the reaction kettle, the annular space of the kettle barrel and the sand outlet pipe at the right end of the reaction kettle, the dynamic monitoring can be implemented on the radial flow sand prevention and sand outlet test process of the horizontal well, and the test parameter change of each stage of the radial flow sand prevention test of the exploitation of the natural gas hydrate horizontal well is analyzed; the sand carried by the fluid discharge of the sand outlet pipe at the right end of the reaction kettle is subjected to particle size analysis and mass weighing (or volume measurement), the sand yield, the gas yield and the water yield are calculated, the sand blocking precision of sand blocking gravel is analyzed, the actual production well yield is predicted, and support is provided for formulating a horizontal well exploitation sand prevention scheme. And a temperature sensor is arranged to monitor the influence of temperature change on the fluid viscosity and the test rule that reservoir sand particles move and block in the pores of the sand control medium and are discharged from the sand production pipe along with the fluid.
The invention uses the simulated reservoir prepared by the natural gas hydrate rock-soil mechanical parameters of the reservoir of the area to be mined and the fluid characteristics and the test fluid with the same viscosity as the mined actual fluid under the condition of considering the reservoir hole seepage characteristic by automatic control and test means (temperature, pressure and flow sensors) according to the displacement mechanism and the similar principle, can truly simulate the slow sand production process of the sand control process under the three-dimensional radial flow condition of the horizontal well under the action of dynamic pressure difference according to the on-site depressurization mining requirements (pressure difference and depressurization gradient) and the mining process of simulating sand-carrying gas and liquid fluid with certain sand ratio flowing into the reservoir of the near well from the reservoir of the far well so as to research the sand control effect conditions and the sand production parameters of the sand control process and the sand control pipe material such as permeability, sand blocking capacity, permeability and clogging mechanism, further improve the authenticity and the reliability of the test result, and timely adjust the sand control simulation test, the method has the advantages of optimizing the sand control process parameters, evaluating the sand control effect, and facilitating the analysis and calculation of the change rule and the characteristics of different pressure drop-output-sand output.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a gas hydrate horizontal well exploitation sand control analogue test device which characterized in that: the device comprises a constant-speed constant-pressure plunger pump, a piston pressurization sand storage liquid container, a gas pressure stabilizing device, a sand control test reaction kettle, a solid-liquid separation device and a data acquisition module;
the piston pressurizing sand liquid storage container is of a cylinder structure with an opening at the upper end and a closed lower end, a cover body is covered at the opening, the rod part of the piston extends out through a through hole of the cover body, the head part of the piston is positioned in the inner cavity of the sand liquid storage container in a matching way, sand mixing liquid is filled in the piston pressurizing sand liquid storage container below the head part of the piston, a pressurizing hole is also formed in the cover body and is connected with a constant-speed constant-pressure plunger pump, and the liquid pumped in through the pressurizing hole drives the piston to move downwards along the inner cavity to transfer pressure to the sand mixing liquid; the bottom of the inner cavity is provided with a stirring blade, and a rotating shaft of the stirring blade extends out of a bottom plate hole of the piston pressurization sand storage liquid container and is connected with an electromagnetic stirring motor; an output port for the sand mixing liquid is arranged on the side wall of the bottom end of the piston pressurization sand liquid storage container;
the reaction kettle for the sand control test comprises a horizontal kettle body, a rectifying pipe, an outer sand control net pipe and an inner sand control net pipe are coaxially arranged in the kettle body, the kettle body comprises a kettle barrel, a left kettle cover and a right kettle cover are respectively sealed at two opening ends of the kettle barrel, a plurality of filling openings communicated with a cavity of the kettle barrel are uniformly and annularly arranged on the side wall of the kettle barrel, a left mounting groove is arranged in the middle of the inner side of the left kettle cover, a right mounting groove corresponding to the left mounting groove is arranged in the middle of the inner side of the right kettle cover, two ends of the inner sand control net pipe are respectively inserted and fixed in the left and right mounting grooves, two ends of the outer sand control net pipe are respectively provided with an end plug, the central parts of the two end plugs are provided with corresponding through holes, the outer sand control net pipe is sleeved and fixed at two ends of the inner sand control net pipe through the through holes, the two ends are respectively abutted against the corresponding groove opening end faces of the left and right mounting grooves, and a first annular space is formed between the inner side wall of the outer sand control net pipe and the outer side wall of the inner sand control net pipe, the first annular space is filled with sand blocking media, a rectifier tube is arranged between the inner wall of the kettle barrel and the outer side wall of the outer sand control net, two ends of the rectifier tube are respectively abutted against a left kettle cover and a right kettle cover, a second annular space is formed between the inner wall of the rectifier tube and the outer wall of the outer sand control net tube and is used for containing test reservoir sand or simulation reservoir sand, a third annular space is formed between the outer wall of the rectifier tube and the inner wall of the kettle barrel and is used for containing gas-liquid two-phase flow simulating gas-water flow characteristic of a natural gas hydrate reservoir, an installation hole communicated with the right installation groove is formed in the position, corresponding to the axis of the inner sand control net tube, of the right kettle cover, a sand outlet tube is installed in the installation hole and is communicated with the inner sand control net tube, and the outlet end of the sand outlet tube is provided with a solid-liquid separation device;
the output port of the sand mixing liquid and the gas pressure stabilizing device are communicated with the injection port; a valve, a flow sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged on a pipeline at an output port of the sand mixing liquid, a valve, a flow sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged on a pipeline at an outlet of the gas pressure stabilizing device, and a valve and a pressure sensor are arranged at each injection port; the device comprises a sand outlet pipe, a third annular space C, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor, wherein the third annular space C is communicated with the first annular space C, the right kettle cover of the kettle barrel is communicated with the second annular space B, a constant pressure opening valve control is arranged on the sand outlet pipe, and each valve, the pressure sensor and the flow sensor are in control connection with a data acquisition module.
2. The gas hydrate horizontal well exploitation sand control simulation test device according to claim 1, wherein: the sand mixing liquid is a similar formation fluid prepared by using a high molecular tackifier, distilled water and a sodium chloride solution, the viscosity of the similar fluid is the same as the viscosity and density of the formation fluid of a reservoir for actually exploiting natural gas hydrates of a horizontal well, reservoir sand with the median particle size of 9-15 microns is added into the similar fluid to prepare the sand mixing liquid with the sand content of 0.1% -1%, the size specification of the reservoir sand is 40-50 meshes, 50-60 meshes or 40-60 meshes of sand control medium, the filling thickness of the sand control medium is 30-50mm, the dynamic pressure difference between an injection port of a reaction kettle and the outlet end of a sand outlet pipe is 5-10MPa, and the gas-water ratio is kept 165: 1.
3. the gas hydrate horizontal well exploitation sand control simulation test device according to claim 2, wherein: the grain size specification of the sand control medium is 40 meshes-60 meshes, the packing thickness is 33-35mm, and the gas-water ratio is kept at 60: 1.
4. the natural gas hydrate horizontal well exploitation sand control test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the number of the injection ports is at least eight, and the injection ports are evenly arranged at intervals in a surrounding mode.
5. The gas hydrate horizontal well exploitation sand control simulation test device according to claim 1, wherein: the outer side of the flow distribution cover can be covered with a screen.
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