CN102031954B - Coal and rock bore hydraulic fracture experimental apparatus - Google Patents
Coal and rock bore hydraulic fracture experimental apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN102031954B CN102031954B CN2010106126857A CN201010612685A CN102031954B CN 102031954 B CN102031954 B CN 102031954B CN 2010106126857 A CN2010106126857 A CN 2010106126857A CN 201010612685 A CN201010612685 A CN 201010612685A CN 102031954 B CN102031954 B CN 102031954B
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- G01N33/24—Earth materials
Abstract
The invention discloses a coal and rock bore hydraulic fracture experimental apparatus, which comprises a sample device system, a confining pressure system, a fracture system, a sealing system and a monitoring system, wherein the sample device system comprises a sample cylinder, the bottom in the sample cylinder is provided with a screen drum of which the bottom is provided with a water outlet pipe, a sample is accommodated in the sample cylinder above the screen drum, and a simulated bore is formed in the sample; the confining pressure system comprises an air filling subsystem and a water filling subsystem; the fracture system comprises a fracture high-pressure water pump of which a water outlet is communicated with the simulated bore through a fracture pipeline; the sealing system comprises a sample cylinder sealing device and an experimental cylinder sealing device; and the monitoring system comprises an acoustic emission sensor arranged on an external wall of the sample cylinder. By the coal and rock bore hydraulic fracture experimental apparatus, a simulated experiment can be performed in a laboratory to investigate the change rules of crack initiation, expansion and extension in the hydraulic fracture process of a coal mine underground coal seam bore, and know a crack extending direction so as to guide field fracture; therefore, the fracture effect is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of coal petrographic drilling hydraulic fracture experimental facilities.
Background technology
China's coal seam reservoirs " hypotonic " characteristics all need coal seam reservoirs is transformed when having determined fire damp improvement or ground coal bed gas exploitation, and fracturing is one of important means of present coal bed gas well Ground Developing or fire damp improvement.The quality of ground coal bed gas well fracturing design is directly connected to the height of later stage gas production, and fracture initiation, expansion, extension Changing Pattern are to carry out the basis that hydraulic fracturing parameters is optimized when finding out fracturing.When finding out down-hole drilling hydraulic fracturing, fracture initiation, expansion, extension Changing Pattern are the bases of carrying out data of holes drilled optimization, hydraulic fracturing parameters optimization.The basic condition of coal seam reservoirs is understood ground more abundant, more be conducive to improve the effect of fracturing.And pressure break in the past instructs and mostly just to simulate according to pure mathematical theory or pressure break simulation softward, can not get information about that in fracturing process, the crack is bearing of trend that how to form and the crack.
At present, the fracturing simulation softward that ground fracturing design Main Basis is set up is simulated, the polytropy of reality and the complexity of influence factor, just make to a certain extent theoretical the derivation with reality, a certain distance be arranged, guidance to the pressure break scene is not accurate enough, affect fracturing effect, finally affect ground coal bed gas well gas production or underground gas extraction (putting) effect.When therefore, finding out fracturing, the crack situation of change seems of crucial importance.There is no at present to simulate the experimental facilities of coal petrographic drilling hydraulic fracture situation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of coal petrographic drilling hydraulic fracture experimental facilities, the different Coal Pore Structures of chamber simulation, differently coal petrography fracturing under stress intensity, different drilling depth by experiment, find out coal petrography fracture initiation, expansion, extension Changing Pattern, and then guide field production, improve fracturing effect.
For achieving the above object, coal petrographic drilling hydraulic fracture experimental facilities of the present invention comprises sampling device system, confined pressure system, fracturing system, closed system and monitoring system, the sampling device system comprises sample cylinder, bottom in sample cylinder is provided with screen drum, the screen drum bottom is provided with outlet pipe, be loaded with sample in the sample cylinder of screen drum top, be provided with simulation boring in sample; The confined pressure system comprises inflation subsystem and water-filling subsystem, the inflation subsystem comprises high-pressure pump and experiment cylinder, experiment cylinder bottom section is provided with base for supporting, the high pressure gas delivery side of pump is connected with the top of testing cylinder by air delivering pipeline, the import of high-pressure pump is communicated with by air inlet pipe and is provided with gasholder, air delivering pipeline is provided with charging valve, gas circuit flow meter and gas circuit pressure meter, and described sample cylinder is located on the interior base for supporting of described experiment cylinder; The water-filling subsystem comprises the high pressure charging pump, and the water inlet connection of high pressure charging pump is provided with the water-filling water tank, and the delivery port of high pressure charging pump is connected with the bottom of testing cylinder by the water-filling pipeline, and the water-filling pipeline is provided with water-filling valve, filling flow meter and water-filling pressure meter; The delivery port of described outlet pipe stretches out described sample cylinder and described experiment cylinder; The fracturing system comprises the fracturing high-pressure hydraulic pump, the water inlet connection of fracturing high-pressure hydraulic pump is provided with the fracturing water tank, the delivery port of fracturing high-pressure hydraulic pump is connected with described simulation boring by the fracturing pipeline, and the fracturing pipeline is provided with fracturing control valve, fracturing pressure meter and fracturing flow meter; Closed system comprises sample cylinder sealing device and experiment cylinder sealing device, the sample cylinder sealing device comprises upper steel plate and lower steel plate, upper and lower steel plate be all circular arrange and diameter both all less than the diameter of sample cylinder, be provided with rubber pad between upper and lower steel plate, the diameter of rubber pad is greater than the diameter of sample cylinder; Experiment cylinder sealing device comprises experiment cylinder upper steel plate and experiment cylinder lower steel plate, experiment cylinder upper and lower steel plate be all circular arrange and diameter both all less than the diameter of experiment cylinder, be provided with experiment cylinder rubber pad between the upper and lower steel plate of experiment cylinder, the diameter of experiment cylinder rubber pad is greater than the diameter of experiment cylinder; Monitoring system comprises the calibrate AE sensor that is located on the sample cylinder outer wall, and calibrate AE sensor is covered with seal closure outward.
Described monitoring system also includes and is located at the outer camera of experiment cylinder.
Described sample is coal sample or mixed material, the composition of mixed material comprises that alumina cement, portland cement, electricity filter powder and water, when adopting mixed material simulation I class coal sample, the weight ratio that alumina cement, portland cement, electricity filter powder and water is 1:2:25:11, and the mixed setting time of above-mentioned material is 30 minutes; When adopting mixed material simulation II class coal sample, the weight ratio that alumina cement, portland cement, electricity filter powder and water is 1:2:40:16.4, and the mixed setting time of above-mentioned material is 30 minutes; When adopting mixed material simulation III class coal sample or IV class coal sample, the weight ratio that alumina cement, portland cement, electricity filter powder and water is 1:2:60:24, and the mixed setting time of above-mentioned material is 35 minutes.
Described experiment cylinder is tempered glass experiment cylinder.
Described closed system also includes the briquetting that is pressed on experiment cylinder sealing device top, and the briquetting top is provided with limited block, and limited block is connected with the laboratory fixture and is used for limiting the vertical position of briquetting.
The present invention has advantages of as follows:
1. the present invention can carry out simulated experiment in the laboratory, finds out this coal bed drilling fracturing process fracture initiation, expansion, extension Changing Pattern under coal mine, understands the fracture extension direction, and then the guide field pressure break, thereby greatly improves fracturing effect.
2. the setting of camera is split crack initiation when being convenient to fracturing, the extension situation is carried out Taking Pictures recording.
3. sample directly adopts coal sample (comprising that I is to IV class coal sample), experimental result is best in theory, but because the coal body common intensity is lower, sufficiently complete, the square opening difficulty that gets out again certain depth on the circular or square coal sample of making is very large, thereby reduces conventional efficient, raising experimental cost.In addition, the primary structure coal may be made into laboratory sample, but for cracked coal, granulated coal and rotten rib coal, almost can't make laboratory sample.The mixed material that employing is made according to different mix proportion schemes, setting time is simulated I to IV class coal sample, not only can overcome the problem that above-mentioned boring is difficult, make the laboratory sample difficulty, simultaneously simulate effect is good, can draw very the experimental result near genuine samples.
4. the experiment cylinder is tempered glass experiment cylinder, is convenient to the clear fracture extension situation of change of seeing in process of the test.
5. together with the setting of briquetting can make experiment cylinder sealing device and the experiment cylinder is closely pressed together on, thereby improve sealing effectiveness; Limited block the vertical position that can limit briquetting is set, thereby prevent that fracturing process mesohigh fluid from causing that sealing system is loosening.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the sectional structure schematic diagram of sample cylinder sealing device and experiment cylinder sealing device.
The specific embodiment
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, coal petrographic drilling hydraulic fracture experimental facilities of the present invention comprises sampling device system, confined pressure system, fracturing system, closed system and monitoring system.
The sampling device system comprises sample cylinder 18, and the bottoms in sample cylinder 18 are provided with screen drum 9, and screen drum 9 bottoms are provided with outlet pipe 9A.Be loaded with sample 7 in the sample cylinder 18 of screen drum 9 tops, be provided with simulation boring 7A in sample 7.
The confined pressure system comprises inflation subsystem and water-filling subsystem, the inflation subsystem comprises high-pressure pump 1 and experiment cylinder 8, experiment cylinder 8 bottoms are provided with base for supporting 10, the outlet of high-pressure pump 1 is connected with the top of experiment cylinder 8 by air delivering pipeline 1A, the import of high-pressure pump 1 is provided with gasholder 2 by air inlet pipe 1B connection, air delivering pipeline 1A is provided with charging valve 12A, gas circuit flow meter 14A and gas circuit pressure meter 15A, and described sample cylinder 18 is located on the interior base for supporting 10 of described experiment cylinder 8; The water-filling subsystem comprises high pressure charging pump 11A, the water inlet connection of high pressure charging pump 11A is provided with water-filling water tank 3A, the delivery port of high pressure charging pump 11A is connected with the bottom of testing cylinder 8 by water-filling pipeline 23, and water-filling pipeline 23 is provided with water-filling valve 12B, filling flow meter 14B and water-filling pressure meter 15B.The delivery port of described outlet pipe 9A stretches out described sample cylinder 18 and described experiment cylinder 8 and passes in recovery tank 21.
The confined pressure system mainly is to provide the pressure around sample 7 in experimentation, get outflow and pressure size by gas circuit flow meter 14A, filling flow meter 14B and gas circuit pressure meter 15A, water-filling pressure meter 15B, control by charging valve 12A, water-filling valve 12B, make in experimentation confined pressure can satisfy the desired pressure of experiment, and be in stable state, thereby coal seam stress under the true reappearance different depth.The present invention makes confined pressure that larger excursion and lower equipment requirement be arranged, and regulates the confined pressure size by injected water, tolerance.Concrete grammar is: at first inject the gas of appropriate amount according to requirement of experiment, and then injected water, the water yield of injecting by adjusting is controlled the size of confined pressure.The confined pressure excursion that requires according to actual experiment is simultaneously come design sample cylinder 18 height below, and the principle of institute's foundation is exactly in water-filling pressure process, and the water surface can not be higher than the sample cylinder height at 18 ends.
The fracturing system comprises fracturing high-pressure hydraulic pump 11B, the water inlet connection of fracturing high-pressure hydraulic pump 11B is provided with fracturing water tank 3B, the delivery port of fracturing high-pressure hydraulic pump 11B is connected with described simulation boring 7A by fracturing pipeline 24, and fracturing pipeline 24 is provided with fracturing control valve 12C, fracturing pressure meter 15C and fracturing flow meter 14C.
The fracturing system carries out fracturing to sample 7.To sample 7 water-fillings, according to the monitored data of fracturing pressure meter 15C and fracturing flow meter 14C, regulate fracturing control valve 12C, so that according to the actual conditions adjust flux by fracturing high-pressure hydraulic pump 11B.The water that flows out from sample 7 after pressure break flows out sample 7 through screen drum 9, flows into recovery tank 21 by outlet pipe 9A at last.
Closed system is mainly that sample cylinder 18 and experiment cylinder 8 are sealed, comprise sample cylinder sealing device 6 and experiment cylinder sealing device 5, sample cylinder sealing device 6 comprises upper steel plate 6A and lower steel plate 6B, upper and lower steel plate 6A, 6B are all circular arrange and diameter both all is slightly smaller than the diameter of sample cylinder 18, be provided with rubber pad 6C between upper and lower steel plate 6A, 6B, the diameter of rubber pad 6C is greater than the diameter of sample cylinder 18; After sample cylinder sealing device 6 is added in the interior sample of sample cylinder 18 7 tops, make it higher than sample cylinder 18 height, for the back pressurization is prepared.Experiment cylinder sealing device 5 comprises experiment cylinder upper steel plate 8A and experiment cylinder lower steel plate 8B, the upper and lower steel plate 8A of experiment cylinder, 8B are all circular setting and diameter both all is slightly smaller than the diameter of testing cylinder 8, be provided with experiment cylinder rubber pad 8C between the upper and lower steel plate 8A of experiment cylinder, 8B, the diameter of experiment cylinder rubber pad 8C is greater than the diameter of experiment cylinder 8.Experiment cylinder sealing device 5 is located at the top of experiment cylinder 8, and is pressed on described sample cylinder sealing device 6.Closed system also includes the briquetting 4 that is pressed on experiment cylinder sealing device 5 tops, and briquetting 4 tops are provided with limited block 13, and limited block 13 is connected with the laboratory fixture and is used for limiting the vertical position of briquetting 4.Wherein, the laboratory fixture can be the laboratory fixed building, as wall, pillar etc., can be also heavy-duty machinery, fixed frame etc.
Monitoring system comprises the calibrate AE sensor 16 that is located on sample cylinder 18 outer walls and is located at tests the outer camera 25 of cylinder 8, and in experimentation, sensor carries out record to parameter.Calibrate AE sensor 16 is outer is covered with seal closure 17, and during use, camera 25 can be arranged on apart from experiment cylinder 8 at a distance.
Monitoring system is STRESS VARIATION situation when being arranged on calibrate AE sensor 16 on sample cylinder 18 outer walls and monitoring that in fracturing process, the crack forms, and then understands the parameter of sample 7 by data analysis.For making calibrate AE sensor 16 not be subjected to the impact of gas, in its outside, seal closure 17 is installed.Simultaneously, camera 25 is being installed at a distance, so that fracture initiation, extension situation are carried out Taking Pictures recording during to fracturing.Certainly, camera 25 also can substitute by video camera.
Described sample 7 is coal sample (comprising that I is to IV class coal sample) or mixed material, and the composition of mixed material comprises that alumina cement, portland cement, electricity filter powder and water.
When adopting mixed material simulation I class coal sample, the weight ratio that alumina cement, portland cement, electricity filter powder and water is 1:2:25:11, and the mixed setting time of above-mentioned material is 30 minutes;
When adopting mixed material simulation II class coal sample, the weight ratio that alumina cement, portland cement, electricity filter powder and water is 1:2:40:16.4, and the mixed setting time of above-mentioned material is 30 minutes;
When adopting mixed material simulation III class coal sample or IV class coal sample, the weight ratio that alumina cement, portland cement, electricity filter powder and water is 1:2:60:24, and the mixed setting time of above-mentioned material is 35 minutes.
After the mix proportion scheme of above-mentioned mixed material is summed up, following table is described:
Test as follows during use:
(1) carry out in advance suitable sample 7 according to requirement of experiment.Specific practice is: carry out sample 7 raw material proportionings according to requirement of experiment, should make according to requirement of experiment the laboratory sample 7 of different depth, different thicknesses during proportioning.
(2) various device is put into the precalculated position, assembles, the tightness of checking experiment system.Guarantee that high-pressure hydraulic pump, high-pressure pump 1 can satisfy normal operation required pressure and flow; Water tank will have enough water, and gas tank has enough gas; Guarantee between water-filling pipeline 23, water-filling water tank 3A and high pressure charging pump 11A airtight intactly, guarantee between fracturing pipeline 24, fracturing water tank 3B and fracturing high-pressure hydraulic pump 11B airtight intact; Guarantee that each flow meter and each pressure meter are in normal duty.
(3) according to the good experimental facilities of requirement of experiment exact connect ion, the sample 7 of packing into, whether the testing fixture tightness is good, then closes all valves.
(4) at first open charging valve 12A and high-pressure pump 1, according to requirement of experiment, be filled with proper amount of gas, then close charging valve 12A and high-pressure pump 1.
(5) open water-filling valve 12B and high pressure charging pump 11A, be filled with water, meet the requirements of confined pressure until inflation place pressure meter is looked number, then close water-filling valve 12B and high pressure charging pump 11A.
(6) open fracturing control valve 12C, start fracturing high-pressure hydraulic pump 11B, begin to inject water under high pressure in simulation boring 7A and carry out pressure break, pressure, changes in flow rate during the record injection, and take whole fracture initiations, extend situation of change with camera 25.
(7) when experiment reaches predetermined requirement of experiment, close fracturing high-pressure hydraulic pump 11B and fracturing control valve 12C.
(8) take out sample 7, take pictures, observe.
(9) clear up various instruments, disposal data and analysis experiment.
(10) submit laboratory report to.
Claims (5)
1. coal petrographic drilling hydraulic fracture experimental facilities is characterized in that: comprise sampling device system, confined pressure system, fracturing system, closed system and monitoring system,
The sampling device system comprises sample cylinder, and the bottom in sample cylinder is provided with screen drum, and the screen drum bottom is provided with outlet pipe, is loaded with sample in the sample cylinder of screen drum top, is provided with simulation boring in sample;
The confined pressure system comprises inflation subsystem and water-filling subsystem, the inflation subsystem comprises high-pressure pump and experiment cylinder, experiment cylinder bottom section is provided with base for supporting, the high pressure gas delivery side of pump is connected with the top of testing cylinder by air delivering pipeline, the import of high-pressure pump is communicated with by air inlet pipe and is provided with gasholder, air delivering pipeline is provided with charging valve, gas circuit flow meter and gas circuit pressure meter, and described sample cylinder is located on the interior base for supporting of described experiment cylinder; The water-filling subsystem comprises the high pressure charging pump, and the water inlet connection of high pressure charging pump is provided with the water-filling water tank, and the delivery port of high pressure charging pump is connected with the bottom of testing cylinder by the water-filling pipeline, and the water-filling pipeline is provided with water-filling valve, filling flow meter and water-filling pressure meter; The delivery port of described outlet pipe stretches out described sample cylinder and described experiment cylinder;
The fracturing system comprises the fracturing high-pressure hydraulic pump, the water inlet connection of fracturing high-pressure hydraulic pump is provided with the fracturing water tank, the delivery port of fracturing high-pressure hydraulic pump is connected with described simulation boring by the fracturing pipeline, and the fracturing pipeline is provided with fracturing control valve, fracturing pressure meter and fracturing flow meter;
Closed system comprises sample cylinder sealing device and experiment cylinder sealing device, the sample cylinder sealing device comprises upper steel plate and lower steel plate, upper and lower steel plate be all circular arrange and diameter both all less than the diameter of sample cylinder, be provided with rubber pad between upper and lower steel plate, the diameter of rubber pad is greater than the diameter of sample cylinder; Experiment cylinder sealing device comprises experiment cylinder upper steel plate and experiment cylinder lower steel plate, experiment cylinder upper and lower steel plate be all circular arrange and diameter both all less than the diameter of experiment cylinder, be provided with experiment cylinder rubber pad between the upper and lower steel plate of experiment cylinder, the diameter of experiment cylinder rubber pad is greater than the diameter of experiment cylinder;
Monitoring system comprises the calibrate AE sensor that is located on the sample cylinder outer wall, and calibrate AE sensor is covered with seal closure outward.
2. coal petrographic drilling hydraulic fracture experimental facilities according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described monitoring system also includes and is located at the outer camera of experiment cylinder.
3. coal petrographic drilling hydraulic fracture experimental facilities according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described sample is coal sample or mixed material, the composition of mixed material comprises that alumina cement, portland cement, electricity filter powder and water,
When adopting mixed material simulation I class coal sample, the weight ratio that alumina cement, portland cement, electricity filter powder and water is 1:2:25:11, and the mixed setting time of above-mentioned material is 30 minutes;
When adopting mixed material simulation II class coal sample, the weight ratio that alumina cement, portland cement, electricity filter powder and water is 1:2:40:16.4, and the mixed setting time of above-mentioned material is 30 minutes;
When adopting mixed material simulation III class coal sample or IV class coal sample, the weight ratio that alumina cement, portland cement, electricity filter powder and water is 1:2:60:24, and the mixed setting time of above-mentioned material is 35 minutes.
4. coal petrographic drilling hydraulic fracture experimental facilities according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described experiment cylinder is tempered glass experiment cylinder.
5. coal petrographic drilling hydraulic fracture experimental facilities according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described closed system also includes the briquetting that is pressed on experiment cylinder sealing device top, the briquetting top is provided with limited block, and limited block is connected with the laboratory fixture and is used for limiting the vertical position of briquetting.
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| CN2010106126857A CN102031954B (en) | 2010-12-30 | 2010-12-30 | Coal and rock bore hydraulic fracture experimental apparatus |
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| CN102031954B true CN102031954B (en) | 2013-06-12 |
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